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General Electric J85

January 01, 1970

The General Electric J85 is a small single-shaft turbojet engine. Military versions produce up to 3,500 lbf (16 kN) of thrust dry; afterburning variants can reach up to 5,000 lbf (22 kN). The engine, depending upon additional equipment and specific model, weighs from 300 to 500 pounds (140 to 230 kg). It is one of GE's most successful and longest in service military jet engines, with the civilian versions having logged over 16.5 million hours of operation. The United States Air Force plans to continue using the J85 in aircraft through 2040.[1] Civilian models, known as the CJ610, are similar but supplied without an afterburner and are identical to non-afterburning J85 variants, while the CF700 adds a rear-mounted fan for improved fuel economy.

J85
A General Electric J85-GE-21A, the most powerful variant of the type.
Type Turbojet
National origin United States
Manufacturer General Electric
First run 1950s
Major applications Cessna A-37 Dragonfly
Canadair CT-114 Tutor
Northrop F-5
Northrop T-38 Talon
Variants General Electric CJ610
Developed into General Electric CF700

Design and development edit

The J85 was originally designed to power a large decoy missile, the McDonnell ADM-20 Quail. The Quail was designed to be released from a B-52 Stratofortress in-flight and fly for long distances in formation with the launch aircraft, multiplying the number of targets facing the SA-2 surface-to-air missile operators on the ground. This mission demanded a small engine that could nevertheless provide enough power to keep up with the jet bomber. Like the similar Armstrong Siddeley Viper being built in the UK, the engine on a Quail drone had no need to last for extended periods of time, so therefore could be built of low-quality materials.

The fit was a success on the Quail, but again like the Viper it was later built with normal grade materials and subsequently used to power small jet aircraft, including the Northrop T-38 Talon, Northrop F-5, Canadair CT-114 Tutor, and Cessna A-37 Dragonfly light attack aircraft. More recently, J85s have powered the Scaled Composites White Knight aircraft, the carrier for the Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne spacecraft, and the Me 262 Project.

The basic engine design is quite small, about 17.7 inches (45 cm) in diameter, and 45.4 inches (115 cm) long. It features an eight-stage axial-flow compressor powered by two turbine stages, and is capable of generating up to 2,100 lbf (9.3 kN) of dry thrust, or more with an afterburner. At full throttle at sea level, this engine, without afterburner, consumes approximately 400 US gallons (1,500 L) of fuel per hour. At cruise altitude and power, it consumes approximately 100 US gal (380 L) per hour.

Several variants were produced.

The most advanced variant in the J85 series is the J85-21 model designed specifically for the F-5E/F during its development process.[2]

The J85-21 design replaces AM 355 chromium nickel molybdenum stainless steel alloy, used by previous J85 models for compressor rotors and blades, with a titanium alloy. Its inlet diameter was increased from 17.7 in (45 cm) to 20.8 in (53 cm), and it included an added stage ahead of the base 8-stage compressor for a total of 9 stages. Its multiple disk rotors were replaced with a single-spool rotor, thus improving dry thrust to 3,600 lbf (16 kN) and wet thrust to 5,000 lbf (22 kN) while reducing mechanical complexity along with the weight gain of the J85-21 model.[2]

More than 12,000 J85 engines had been built by the time production ended in 1988.[3]

Iranian reverse engineering edit

See also: Iran Aviation Industries Organization

The Iranian Ministry of Defense constructed a new engine based on the General Electric J85-GE-21B named "OWJ" and presented it at a defense exhibition on 22 August 2016.[4][5][6][7]

The Owj engine has been used in several Iranian products like Kowsar, Saeghe and Azarakhsh fighter jets or Yasin training jet.[8][9]

Variants edit

 
J85-GE-5 out of a T-38C
J85-GE-1
1,900–2,100 lbf (8.5–9.3 kN) thrust[2]
J85-GE-2
2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) thrust
J85-GE-3
2,450 lbf (10.9 kN) thrust
J85-GE-4
2,950 lbf (13.1 kN) thrust
J85-GE-4A
2,950 lbf (13.1 kN) thrust
J85-GE-5
2,680 lbf (11.9 kN) dry thrust; 3,850 lbf (17.1 kN) afterburning thrust
J85-GE-5A
2,680 lbf (11.9 kN) dry thrust; 3,850 lbf (17.1 kN) afterburning thrust
J85-GE-7
2,450 lbf (10.9 kN) thrust
J85-GE-12
2,400 lbf (11 kN) thrust
J85-GE-13
2,720 lbf (12.1 kN), dry thrust; 4,080 lbf (18.1 kN) afterburning thrust[10]
J85-GE-13A
License built for the Fiat G.91Y, 2,720 lbf (12.1 kN), dry thrust; 4,080 lbf (18.1 kN) afterburning thrust[2]
J85-GE-15
2,925 lbf (13.01 kN) dry thrust; 4,300 lbf (19 kN) afterburning thrust[2]
J85-CAN-15
Orenda manufactured J85-GE-15 for the Canadair CF-116, 2,925 lbf (13.01 kN) dry thrust; 4,300 lbf (19 kN) afterburning thrust[2]
J85-GE-17
2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) thrust[2]
J85-GE-17A
2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) thrust[11]
J85-GE-17B
2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) thrust[2]
J85-GE-17C
2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) thrust
J85-GE-19
3,015 lbf (13.41 kN) dry thrust
J85-GE-21A
3,500 lbf (16 kN) dry thrust; 5,000 lbf (22 kN) afterburning thrust.[10]
J85-GE-J1A
3,500 lbf (16 kN) dry thrust; 5,000 lbf (22 kN) afterburning thrust
J85-GE-J2
2,850 lbf (12.7 kN) thrust.
J85-GE-J4
2,950 lbf (13.1 kN) thrust.
J85-CAN-40
Manufactured by Orenda for the Canadair CT-114 Tutor, 2,650 lbf (11.8 kN) thrust[2]
J85-GE-100
2,450 lbf (10.9 kN) thrust

Applications edit

 
Scaled Composites White Knight sporting two General Electric J85 afterburning engines

Other edit

Specifications (J85-GE-21) edit

 
A J85-GE-17A engine sectioned for display

Data from [16][17][18][19]

General characteristics

  • Type: afterburning turbojet engine
  • Length: 112.5 in (286 cm)
  • Diameter: 20.8 in (53 cm) inlet
  • Dry weight: 684 lb (310 kg)

Components

Performance

  • Maximum thrust: 3,600 lbf (16 kN) dry thrust / 5,000 lbf (22 kN) afterburner thrust
  • Overall pressure ratio: 8.3:1 (J85-21 A~C model)
  • Air mass flow: 53 lb (24 kg) per second
  • Turbine inlet temperature: 1,790 °F (980 °C)
  • Specific fuel consumption: 1.24 lb/(lbf⋅h) or 35 g/(kN⋅s) dry thrust / 2.13 lb/(lbf⋅h) or 60 g/(kN⋅s) afterburner thrust
  • Thrust-to-weight ratio: 5.25 dry / 7.3 afterburner

See also edit

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

References edit

  1. ^ 2001-04-17T00:00:00+01:00. "T-38 engine upgrades set to extend trainer's life to 2040". Flight Global. Retrieved 2020-05-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice dtic.mil
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
  4. ^ "موتورهای هوایی مورد نیاز ایران، ایا راهی برای برون رفت از بحران هست؟". April 3, 2018.
  5. ^ "Iran Upgrades".
  6. ^ "Iran's U.S.-Made F-5 Jets Could Fly Until the 2040s". 11 February 2019.
  7. ^ "Military Knowledge: Kowsar Fighter Jet + Images – Islamic World News". 30 June 2020.
  8. ^ "Kowsar; fighter with distinctive features". iranpress.com. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  9. ^ Network, Frontier India News (2023-03-11). "Iran launches production of HESA Yasin Light jet powered trainer aircraft". World News briefs. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  10. ^ a b Roskam, Jan (November 28, 1985). Airplane Design. DARcorporation. ISBN 9781884885563 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ "Turbojet Engine, Cutaway, General Electric J85-GE-17A | National Air and Space Museum". airandspace.si.edu.
  12. ^ Guy Norris (Jul 10, 2018). "Boom Focuses On Derivative Engines For Supersonic Airliner Plan". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
  13. ^ "OV10B". www.germanwing.de.
  14. ^ . Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
  15. ^ "CHIMERA". Hermeus. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  16. ^ "Turbofan and Turbojet Engines Database Handbook" (PDF). ptabdata. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  17. ^ Engine Data Tables Springer
  18. ^ Roskam, Jan (1985). Airplane Design - Jan Roskam - Google Knjige. ISBN 9781884885563.
  19. ^ "Taiwan Plans Re-engineering J85 Turbojet Engines for Long-range Missiles". 3 January 2019.
  • Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to General Electric J85.
  • "G.E.'s Small Turbojet" a 1959 Flight article

January 01, 1970
general, electric, small, single, shaft, turbojet, engine, military, versions, produce, thrust, afterburning, variants, reach, engine, depending, upon, additional, equipment, specific, model, weighs, from, pounds, most, successful, longest, service, military, . The General Electric J85 is a small single shaft turbojet engine Military versions produce up to 3 500 lbf 16 kN of thrust dry afterburning variants can reach up to 5 000 lbf 22 kN The engine depending upon additional equipment and specific model weighs from 300 to 500 pounds 140 to 230 kg It is one of GE s most successful and longest in service military jet engines with the civilian versions having logged over 16 5 million hours of operation The United States Air Force plans to continue using the J85 in aircraft through 2040 1 Civilian models known as the CJ610 are similar but supplied without an afterburner and are identical to non afterburning J85 variants while the CF700 adds a rear mounted fan for improved fuel economy J85 A General Electric J85 GE 21A the most powerful variant of the type Type Turbojet National origin United States Manufacturer General Electric First run 1950s Major applications Cessna A 37 Dragonfly Canadair CT 114 Tutor Northrop F 5 Northrop T 38 Talon Variants General Electric CJ610 Developed into General Electric CF700 Contents 1 Design and development 1 1 Iranian reverse engineering 2 Variants 3 Applications 3 1 Other 4 Specifications J85 GE 21 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDesign and development editThe J85 was originally designed to power a large decoy missile the McDonnell ADM 20 Quail The Quail was designed to be released from a B 52 Stratofortress in flight and fly for long distances in formation with the launch aircraft multiplying the number of targets facing the SA 2 surface to air missile operators on the ground This mission demanded a small engine that could nevertheless provide enough power to keep up with the jet bomber Like the similar Armstrong Siddeley Viper being built in the UK the engine on a Quail drone had no need to last for extended periods of time so therefore could be built of low quality materials The fit was a success on the Quail but again like the Viper it was later built with normal grade materials and subsequently used to power small jet aircraft including the Northrop T 38 Talon Northrop F 5 Canadair CT 114 Tutor and Cessna A 37 Dragonfly light attack aircraft More recently J85s have powered the Scaled Composites White Knight aircraft the carrier for the Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne spacecraft and the Me 262 Project The basic engine design is quite small about 17 7 inches 45 cm in diameter and 45 4 inches 115 cm long It features an eight stage axial flow compressor powered by two turbine stages and is capable of generating up to 2 100 lbf 9 3 kN of dry thrust or more with an afterburner At full throttle at sea level this engine without afterburner consumes approximately 400 US gallons 1 500 L of fuel per hour At cruise altitude and power it consumes approximately 100 US gal 380 L per hour Several variants were produced The most advanced variant in the J85 series is the J85 21 model designed specifically for the F 5E F during its development process 2 The J85 21 design replaces AM 355 chromium nickel molybdenum stainless steel alloy used by previous J85 models for compressor rotors and blades with a titanium alloy Its inlet diameter was increased from 17 7 in 45 cm to 20 8 in 53 cm and it included an added stage ahead of the base 8 stage compressor for a total of 9 stages Its multiple disk rotors were replaced with a single spool rotor thus improving dry thrust to 3 600 lbf 16 kN and wet thrust to 5 000 lbf 22 kN while reducing mechanical complexity along with the weight gain of the J85 21 model 2 More than 12 000 J85 engines had been built by the time production ended in 1988 3 Iranian reverse engineering edit See also Iran Aviation Industries Organization The Iranian Ministry of Defense constructed a new engine based on the General Electric J85 GE 21B named OWJ and presented it at a defense exhibition on 22 August 2016 4 5 6 7 The Owj engine has been used in several Iranian products like Kowsar Saeghe and Azarakhsh fighter jets or Yasin training jet 8 9 Variants edit nbsp J85 GE 5 out of a T 38C J85 GE 1 1 900 2 100 lbf 8 5 9 3 kN thrust 2 J85 GE 2 2 850 lbf 12 7 kN thrust J85 GE 3 2 450 lbf 10 9 kN thrust J85 GE 4 2 950 lbf 13 1 kN thrust J85 GE 4A 2 950 lbf 13 1 kN thrust J85 GE 5 2 680 lbf 11 9 kN dry thrust 3 850 lbf 17 1 kN afterburning thrust J85 GE 5A 2 680 lbf 11 9 kN dry thrust 3 850 lbf 17 1 kN afterburning thrust J85 GE 7 2 450 lbf 10 9 kN thrust J85 GE 12 2 400 lbf 11 kN thrust J85 GE 13 2 720 lbf 12 1 kN dry thrust 4 080 lbf 18 1 kN afterburning thrust 10 J85 GE 13A License built for the Fiat G 91Y 2 720 lbf 12 1 kN dry thrust 4 080 lbf 18 1 kN afterburning thrust 2 J85 GE 15 2 925 lbf 13 01 kN dry thrust 4 300 lbf 19 kN afterburning thrust 2 J85 CAN 15 Orenda manufactured J85 GE 15 for the Canadair CF 116 2 925 lbf 13 01 kN dry thrust 4 300 lbf 19 kN afterburning thrust 2 J85 GE 17 2 850 lbf 12 7 kN thrust 2 J85 GE 17A 2 850 lbf 12 7 kN thrust 11 J85 GE 17B 2 850 lbf 12 7 kN thrust 2 J85 GE 17C 2 850 lbf 12 7 kN thrust J85 GE 19 3 015 lbf 13 41 kN dry thrust J85 GE 21A 3 500 lbf 16 kN dry thrust 5 000 lbf 22 kN afterburning thrust 10 J85 GE J1A 3 500 lbf 16 kN dry thrust 5 000 lbf 22 kN afterburning thrust J85 GE J2 2 850 lbf 12 7 kN thrust J85 GE J4 2 950 lbf 13 1 kN thrust J85 CAN 40 Manufactured by Orenda for the Canadair CT 114 Tutor 2 650 lbf 11 8 kN thrust 2 J85 GE 100 2 450 lbf 10 9 kN thrustApplications edit nbsp Scaled Composites White Knight sporting two General Electric J85 afterburning engines Bell X 14A B Boom XB 1 demonstrator 12 Canadair CT 114 Tutor Canadair CF 5 Cessna A 37 Dragonfly HESA Yasin without afterburner HESA Kowsar with afterburner Fairchild C 123 Provider Fairchild AC 119K Fiat G 91Y Lockheed Have Blue McDonnell ADM 20 Quail decoy missile North American Rockwell OV 10 Bronco OV 10B Z target tug variant the engine in addition to its turboprops 13 North American T 2 Buckeye Northrop F 5 Northrop T 38 Talon Ryan MQM 34D Mod II target drone Ryan XV 5 Vertifan Saab 105O Scaled Composites White Knight Other edit American Challenge water speed record jet powered boat Two J85 GE 21s 14 Hermeus experimental turbine based combined cycle Chimera turboramjet engine J85 21 turbojet core 15 Specifications J85 GE 21 edit nbsp A J85 GE 17A engine sectioned for display Data from 16 17 18 19 General characteristics Type afterburning turbojet engine Length 112 5 in 286 cm Diameter 20 8 in 53 cm inlet Dry weight 684 lb 310 kg Components Compressor single spool 9 axial stages Combustors annular Turbine 2 stages Fuel type jet fuel Performance Maximum thrust 3 600 lbf 16 kN dry thrust 5 000 lbf 22 kN afterburner thrust Overall pressure ratio 8 3 1 J85 21 A C model Air mass flow 53 lb 24 kg per second Turbine inlet temperature 1 790 F 980 C Specific fuel consumption 1 24 lb lbf h or 35 g kN s dry thrust 2 13 lb lbf h or 60 g kN s afterburner thrust Thrust to weight ratio 5 25 dry 7 3 afterburnerSee also editRelated development General Electric CJ610 General Electric CF700 Comparable engines Armstrong Siddeley Viper Continental J69 Fairchild J83 Rolls Royce Soar Related lists List of aircraft enginesReferences edit 2001 04 17T00 00 00 01 00 T 38 engine upgrades set to extend trainer s life to 2040 Flight Global Retrieved 2020 05 20 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link a b c d e f g h i Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice dtic mil General Electric J85 GE 17A Turbojet Engine Cutaway Archived from the original on 2014 02 03 Retrieved 2014 01 28 موتورهای هوایی مورد نیاز ایران ایا راهی برای برون رفت از بحران هست April 3 2018 Iran Upgrades Iran s U S Made F 5 Jets Could Fly Until the 2040s 11 February 2019 Military Knowledge Kowsar Fighter Jet Images Islamic World News 30 June 2020 Kowsar fighter with distinctive features iranpress com Retrieved 2023 04 26 Network Frontier India News 2023 03 11 Iran launches production of HESA Yasin Light jet powered trainer aircraft World News briefs Retrieved 2023 04 26 a b Roskam Jan November 28 1985 Airplane Design DARcorporation ISBN 9781884885563 via Google Books Turbojet Engine Cutaway General Electric J85 GE 17A National Air and Space Museum airandspace si edu Guy Norris Jul 10 2018 Boom Focuses On Derivative Engines For Supersonic Airliner Plan Aviation Week amp Space Technology OV10B www germanwing de 400 Mph On Water Popular Mechanics Archived from the original on September 30 2007 CHIMERA Hermeus Retrieved 2023 03 10 Turbofan and Turbojet Engines Database Handbook PDF ptabdata Retrieved 31 July 2023 Engine Data Tables Springer Roskam Jan 1985 Airplane Design Jan Roskam Google Knjige ISBN 9781884885563 Taiwan Plans Re engineering J85 Turbojet Engines for Long range Missiles 3 January 2019 Gunston Bill 2006 World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines 5th Edition Phoenix Mill Gloucestershire England UK Sutton Publishing Limited ISBN 0 7509 4479 X External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to General Electric J85 GE J85 product page J85 picture G E s Small Turbojet a 1959 Flight article Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title General Electric J85 amp oldid 1216625337, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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