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Wikipedia

Residential gateway

January 01, 1970

A residential gateway is a small consumer-grade gateway which bridges network access between connected local area network (LAN) hosts to a wide area network (WAN) (such as the Internet) via a modem, or directly connects to a WAN (as in EttH), while routing. The WAN is a larger computer network, generally operated by an Internet service provider.

Devices edit

 
A typical residential gateway. A single internet connection is shared by multiple devices connected through a LAN.

Multiple devices have been described as residential gateways:

 
An internet box integrating a SIM Card

A modem (e.g. DSL modem, cable modem) by itself provides none of the functions of a router.[2] It merely allows ATM or PPP or PPPoE traffic to be transmitted across telephone lines, cable wires, optical fibers, wireless radio frequencies, or other physical layers.[3] On the receiving end is another modem that re-converts the transmission format back into digital data packets.[4] This allows network bridging using telephone, cable, optical, and radio connection methods. The modem also provides handshake protocols, so that the devices on each end of the connection are able to recognize each other.[5] However, a modem generally provides few other network functions.

  • A USB modem plugs into a single PC and allows a connection of that single PC to a WAN. If properly configured, the PC can also function as the router for a home LAN.
  • An internal modem can be installed on a single PC (e.g. on a PCI card), also allowing that single PC to connect to a WAN.[6] Again, the PC can be configured to function as a router for a home LAN.

A cellular wireless access point can function in a similar fashion to a modem. It can allow a direct connection from a home LAN to a WWAN, if a wireless router or access point is present on the WAN as well and tethering is allowed.

Many modems now incorporate the features mentioned below and thus are appropriately described as residential gateways, such as some Internet providers which offer a cable modem router combo.[7]

Features edit

A residential gateway usually provides

It may also provide other functions such as Dynamic DNS,[12] and converged triple play services such as TV and telephony.

Most gateways are self-contained components, using internally stored firmware. They are generally platform-independent, i.e., they can serve any operating system.

Wireless routers perform the same functions as a wired router and base station, but allow connectivity for wireless devices with the LAN, or as a bridge between the wireless router and another wireless router for a meshnet (the wireless router-wireless router connection can be within the LAN or can be between the LAN and WWAN).[13]

Security edit

Low-cost production and requirement for user friendliness make gateways vulnerable to network attacks, which resulted in large clusters of such devices being taken over and used to launch DDoS attacks.[14] A majority of the vulnerabilities were present in the web administration frontends of the routers, allowing unauthorized control either via default passwords, vendor backdoors, or web vulnerabilities.[15]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Wireless router is a combination of wired router and wireless access point.
  2. ^ Miller, Michael (2015). The Internet of Things: How Smart TVs, Smart Cars, Smart Homes, and Smart Cities Are Changing the World. Que Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 9780134021331.
  3. ^ Nagarajan, Ramesh; Ooghe, Sven (2008). "Next-generation access network architectures for video, voice, interactive gaming, and other emerging applications: Challenges and directions". Bell Labs Technical Journal. 13 (1): 69–86. doi:10.1002/bltj.20283. S2CID 10868763.
  4. ^ Penttinen, Jyrki T. J. (2015). The Telecommunications Handbook: Engineering Guidelines for Fixed, Mobile and Satellite Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 91. ISBN 9781118678886.
  5. ^ Warycka, Andy (August 29, 2013). "What Is Meant by a Handshaking Protocol?". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  6. ^ Lowe, Doug (2009). Networking For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 97. ISBN 9780470579916.
  7. ^ John, Neil (March 5, 2020). "Modem Router Combo vs Separate, is the combination unit better?". onecomputerguy.com. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  8. ^ Martin, Jim. "Can't access 192.168.1.1: how to change router settings including Wi-Fi password". PC Advisor. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  9. ^ "NAT Router Security Solutions". Gibson Research Center. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c Proenca, Jorge; Cruz, Tiago; Simoes, Paulo; Monteiro, Edmundo (2018-10-09). "Virtualization of Residential Gateways: A Comprehensive Survey". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 21 (2): 1462–1482. doi:10.1109/COMST.2018.2874827. ISSN 1553-877X. S2CID 69843289.
  11. ^ Madegwa, Clinton (August 14, 2019). "Beginner's guide to DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol". dignited.com. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  12. ^ Ou, George. "Make your home PCs accessible anywhere with Dynamic DNS for free". Techrepublic. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  13. ^ Pacchiano, Ronald; Van Winkle, William (October 12, 2020). "How to Set Up and Optimize Your Wireless Router for the Best Wi-Fi Performance". PCMag. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  14. ^ Gayer, Ofer (12 May 2015). "Lax Security Opens the Door for Mass Scale Abuse of SOHO Routers". www.incapsula.com. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
  15. ^ Niemietz, Marcus; Schwenk, Joerg (2015). "Owning Your Home Network: Router Security Revisited". arXiv:1506.04112 [cs.CR].

External links edit

  • The Residential Gateway (a vision paper published in International Engineering Consortium’s 1996 Annual Review of Communications, p.457)
  • Home Gateway Initiative, a group of broadband providers proposing specifications for residential gateways
  • The Residential Home Gateway 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine on About.com

January 01, 1970
residential, gateway, residential, gateway, small, consumer, grade, gateway, which, bridges, network, access, between, connected, local, area, network, hosts, wide, area, network, such, internet, modem, directly, connects, etth, while, routing, larger, compute. A residential gateway is a small consumer grade gateway which bridges network access between connected local area network LAN hosts to a wide area network WAN such as the Internet via a modem or directly connects to a WAN as in EttH while routing The WAN is a larger computer network generally operated by an Internet service provider Contents 1 Devices 2 Features 3 Security 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDevices edit nbsp A typical residential gateway A single internet connection is shared by multiple devices connected through a LAN Multiple devices have been described as residential gateways Cable modem DSL modem FTTx modem IP DECT telephone base station Network switch Smart home hub TV VoD set top box Voice over Internet protocol VoIP analog telephone adapter Wired router Wireless access point Wireless router 1 nbsp An internet box integrating a SIM Card A modem e g DSL modem cable modem by itself provides none of the functions of a router 2 It merely allows ATM or PPP or PPPoE traffic to be transmitted across telephone lines cable wires optical fibers wireless radio frequencies or other physical layers 3 On the receiving end is another modem that re converts the transmission format back into digital data packets 4 This allows network bridging using telephone cable optical and radio connection methods The modem also provides handshake protocols so that the devices on each end of the connection are able to recognize each other 5 However a modem generally provides few other network functions A USB modem plugs into a single PC and allows a connection of that single PC to a WAN If properly configured the PC can also function as the router for a home LAN An internal modem can be installed on a single PC e g on a PCI card also allowing that single PC to connect to a WAN 6 Again the PC can be configured to function as a router for a home LAN A cellular wireless access point can function in a similar fashion to a modem It can allow a direct connection from a home LAN to a WWAN if a wireless router or access point is present on the WAN as well and tethering is allowed Many modems now incorporate the features mentioned below and thus are appropriately described as residential gateways such as some Internet providers which offer a cable modem router combo 7 Features editA residential gateway usually provides configuration via a web interface 8 or app on mobile device routing between the home network and the Internet connectivity within the home network like a network switch hub or WLAN base station network address translation NAT 9 10 DHCP for IPv4 and IPv6 11 10 and firewall functions 10 It may also provide other functions such as Dynamic DNS 12 and converged triple play services such as TV and telephony Most gateways are self contained components using internally stored firmware They are generally platform independent i e they can serve any operating system Wireless routers perform the same functions as a wired router and base station but allow connectivity for wireless devices with the LAN or as a bridge between the wireless router and another wireless router for a meshnet the wireless router wireless router connection can be within the LAN or can be between the LAN and WWAN 13 Security editLow cost production and requirement for user friendliness make gateways vulnerable to network attacks which resulted in large clusters of such devices being taken over and used to launch DDoS attacks 14 A majority of the vulnerabilities were present in the web administration frontends of the routers allowing unauthorized control either via default passwords vendor backdoors or web vulnerabilities 15 See also editCustomer premises equipment Home network Home server Multimedia over Coax Alliance LAN switching Technological convergence List of wireless router firmware projectsReferences edit Wireless router is a combination of wired router and wireless access point Miller Michael 2015 The Internet of Things How Smart TVs Smart Cars Smart Homes and Smart Cities Are Changing the World Que Publishing p 23 ISBN 9780134021331 Nagarajan Ramesh Ooghe Sven 2008 Next generation access network architectures for video voice interactive gaming and other emerging applications Challenges and directions Bell Labs Technical Journal 13 1 69 86 doi 10 1002 bltj 20283 S2CID 10868763 Penttinen Jyrki T J 2015 The Telecommunications Handbook Engineering Guidelines for Fixed Mobile and Satellite Systems John Wiley amp Sons p 91 ISBN 9781118678886 Warycka Andy August 29 2013 What Is Meant by a Handshaking Protocol Houston Chronicle Retrieved April 4 2021 Lowe Doug 2009 Networking For Dummies John Wiley amp Sons p 97 ISBN 9780470579916 John Neil March 5 2020 Modem Router Combo vs Separate is the combination unit better onecomputerguy com Retrieved April 4 2021 Martin Jim Can t access 192 168 1 1 how to change router settings including Wi Fi password PC Advisor Retrieved December 21 2015 NAT Router Security Solutions Gibson Research Center Retrieved December 22 2015 a b c Proenca Jorge Cruz Tiago Simoes Paulo Monteiro Edmundo 2018 10 09 Virtualization of Residential Gateways A Comprehensive Survey IEEE Communications Surveys amp Tutorials 21 2 1462 1482 doi 10 1109 COMST 2018 2874827 ISSN 1553 877X S2CID 69843289 Madegwa Clinton August 14 2019 Beginner s guide to DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol dignited com Retrieved April 4 2021 Ou George Make your home PCs accessible anywhere with Dynamic DNS for free Techrepublic Retrieved December 21 2015 Pacchiano Ronald Van Winkle William October 12 2020 How to Set Up and Optimize Your Wireless Router for the Best Wi Fi Performance PCMag Retrieved April 4 2021 Gayer Ofer 12 May 2015 Lax Security Opens the Door for Mass Scale Abuse of SOHO Routers www incapsula com Retrieved 2015 06 16 Niemietz Marcus Schwenk Joerg 2015 Owning Your Home Network Router Security Revisited arXiv 1506 04112 cs CR External links editThe Residential Gateway a vision paper published in International Engineering Consortium s 1996 Annual Review of Communications p 457 Home Gateway Initiative a group of broadband providers proposing specifications for residential gateways The Residential Home Gateway Archived 2011 09 28 at the Wayback Machine on About com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Residential gateway amp oldid 1224633750, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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