The first Gond king of Garha-Mandla was Jadurai. He became king after disposing the Kalchuri Rajputs of Garha-Mandla, where earlier he worked in court.[1][2][3]
The Garha-Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of Sangram Shah, the 48th king, He captured territories like Narmada Valley, Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh and most of the Satpura hills. He conquered 52 forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond territory. The Chouragrh Fort in Narsinghpur was built in the honour of conquering 52 forts.[1] Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of Sanskrit. Rasratnamala was written by Sangram Shah.[4] At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom was Singhorgarh.
His successor Dalpat Shah, was married to Rani Durgawati[5][2][6] who was a ChandelaRajput princess. Rani Durgavati moved her capital to Chouragarh because it was safer than Singhorgarh. Rani Durgawati made the kingdom extremely prosperous, it was said that the people paid their taxes in gold in her reign.[2] She battled against Mughal EmperorAkbar's forces lead by Asaf Khan I in 1564. Though she lost, she is remembered as a war-heroine and is still praised in the areas of the former Garha kingdom. The Mughals acquired immense booty, including thousands of elephants from this victory. [2][7]
After 25 years of Mughal rule, the kingdom was restored to Chandra Shah, another son of Sangram Shah and half-brother of Dalpat Shah.[8] He was recognized as the successor of Rani Durgavati by Akbar on accepting Mughal suzerainty and ceding 10 of the garhas.[9][10] He was followed in succession by Madhukar Shah[9] and Prem Narain. Jhujhar Singh of Orchha deposed Prem Narain, however, Mughal intereference restored the kingdom to Hridayshah.[9][10]
Hridayshah maintained friendly relations with the Mughals, he spent days at the imperial court in Delhi as well.[1] He moved his capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar of Mandla district.
Decline
Hriday Shah was the last great king of Garha-Mandla. After his death, no great ruler appeared and court intrigue was common, greatly weakening the state. It ceded away portions of its territory and its revenues were spent to buy off its enemies. One of its feudatories, the Gond rajas of Deogadh, took advantage of the kingdom's weakness subsequent to the temporary Mughal conquest in the early 17th century and annexed a large part of its territories.[11]Bakht Buland Shah, the Gond raja of Deogarh, was ceded the district of Seoni, Chauri, Dongartal and Ghansour[12] by Narendra Shah of Mandla for his aid against the latter's cousins.[13]
By the time of Maharaj Shah (1732-1742), the kingdom held only 29 out of the initial 52 forts held by his ancestor Sangram Shah. In 1742, peshwaBalaji Baji Rao attacked Mandla and killed Maharaj Shah. His son, Shivraj Singh, ascended he throne on the condition that he would pay an annual tribute of 4 lakhs to the Marathas.[14]
In 1781[1] or 1780,[11] Narhar Shah of Mandla was defeated by the Maratha king of Nagpur,[1][10]Mudhoji Bhonsle and sent to spend the rest of his days at Khurai fort in Saugor.[1] In 1817, Mandla came under British rule.[10] The anthropologist Stephen Fuchs describes- "In 1781 the last Gond ruler of Mandla, Narhar Shah, was tortured to death by the Maratha general Moraji, and Mandla became a dependency of the Saugor Marathas. In 1799 Mandla fell to the Bhonsla king of Nagpur, till in 1818 the British took over and assumed the rule also over Mandla."[15]
For over a millennium in South Asia, the visual trope of a triumphant lion vanquishing one or several elephants has been common in architectural sculpture, both in the round and in relief. In the rather limited scholarship on this motif, diverse interpretations have been offered. Although its presence has remained fairly stable through time, there exist many minor variations on this motif, including the use of leonine creatures variously described as vyālas or yālīs, and the incorporation of other fantastic creatures known popularly as makaras in such combats. In South India, the myth of the fantastic composite animal called the Śarabha takes this imagery yet further. Yet, the simple image of a lion victorious over one or more elephants was situated very strategically within certain architectural programs for given periods and places. For example, Gondwana Kingdom forts, Deccani forts constructed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries carried this representation on their barbicans and gateways . While tracing the history of this visual motif.
Administration
Administration of Gondwana was becoming centralised. The kingdom was divided into garh, each garh was controlled by particular Gond clan. This was further divided into units of 84 villages called chourasi. The chourasi was further subdivided into barhots which are made up of 12 villages each.
^Miśra, Sureśa (2007). Tribal Ascendancy in Central India: The Gond Kingdom of Garha. Manak Publications. ISBN978-81-7827-185-9.
^ abDatta, Saurav Ranjan. Goddesses of Fury: History's Most Daring Queens. The Little Booktique Hub. p. 151. ISBN978-93-93209-19-1.
^. Archived from the original on 2018-02-13. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
^ abWest, Barbara A. (19 May 2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. ISBN978-1-4381-1913-7.
^Orissa District Gazetteers: Mandla. Superintendent, Orissa Government Press. 1995.
^ abcPradesh (India), Madhya (1992). Madhya Pradesh: Balaghat. Government Central Press.
^ abcdefgSharma, Anima (2005). Tribe in transition : a study of Thakur Gonds (1st ed.). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. ISBN9788170999898.
^ abDeogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (2007). The Gonds of Vidarbha. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN978-81-8069-474-5.
^Sil, Jogendra Nath (1917). History of the Central Provinces and Berar. J.N. Sil.
^Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others. 2013.
^Pradesh (India), Madhya (1989). Madhya Pradesh: Seoni. Government Central Press.
^Rashkow, Ezra; Ghosh, Sanjukta; Chakrabarti, Upal (18 August 2017). Memory, Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India: Essays in Honour of Peter Robb. Taylor & Francis. ISBN978-1-351-59694-7.
^"Five-storey palace built from 350 year old stones". Naidunia. Naidunia. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
garha, kingdom, also, called, garha, mandla, garha, katanga, northern, part, gondwana, gondwanaunknown, 1781capitalgarhasinghorgarhchouragarh, 1564, 1634, ramnagar, 1634, 1781, common, languagesgondiother, central, indian, languagesreligiongondigovernmentmonar. The Garha Kingdom also called Garha Mandla or Garha Katanga was northern part of Gondwana Garha Kingdom of Gondwanaunknown 1781CapitalGarhaSinghorgarhChouragarh 1564 1634 Ramnagar 1634 1781 Common languagesGondiOther Central Indian languagesReligionGondiGovernmentMonarchyHistory Establishedunknown Disestablished1781Preceded by Succeeded byKalachuris of Tripuri Nagpur kingdomToday part ofIndia Contents 1 History 2 Decline 3 Emblem of Gondwana State 4 Administration 5 53 Garh of Gondwana 6 List of Rulers 6 1 Independent rulers 7 ReferencesHistory EditThe first Gond king of Garha Mandla was Jadurai He became king after disposing the Kalchuri Rajputs of Garha Mandla where earlier he worked in court 1 2 3 The Garha Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of Sangram Shah the 48th king He captured territories like Narmada Valley Bhopal Sagar Damoh and most of the Satpura hills He conquered 52 forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond territory The Chouragrh Fort in Narsinghpur was built in the honour of conquering 52 forts 1 Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of Sanskrit Rasratnamala was written by Sangram Shah 4 At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom was Singhorgarh His successor Dalpat Shah was married to Rani Durgawati 5 2 6 who was a Chandela Rajput princess Rani Durgavati moved her capital to Chouragarh because it was safer than Singhorgarh Rani Durgawati made the kingdom extremely prosperous it was said that the people paid their taxes in gold in her reign 2 She battled against Mughal Emperor Akbar s forces lead by Asaf Khan I in 1564 Though she lost she is remembered as a war heroine and is still praised in the areas of the former Garha kingdom The Mughals acquired immense booty including thousands of elephants from this victory 2 7 After 25 years of Mughal rule the kingdom was restored to Chandra Shah another son of Sangram Shah and half brother of Dalpat Shah 8 He was recognized as the successor of Rani Durgavati by Akbar on accepting Mughal suzerainty and ceding 10 of the garhas 9 10 He was followed in succession by Madhukar Shah 9 and Prem Narain Jhujhar Singh of Orchha deposed Prem Narain however Mughal intereference restored the kingdom to Hridayshah 9 10 Hridayshah maintained friendly relations with the Mughals he spent days at the imperial court in Delhi as well 1 He moved his capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar of Mandla district Decline EditHriday Shah was the last great king of Garha Mandla After his death no great ruler appeared and court intrigue was common greatly weakening the state It ceded away portions of its territory and its revenues were spent to buy off its enemies One of its feudatories the Gond rajas of Deogadh took advantage of the kingdom s weakness subsequent to the temporary Mughal conquest in the early 17th century and annexed a large part of its territories 11 Bakht Buland Shah the Gond raja of Deogarh was ceded the district of Seoni Chauri Dongartal and Ghansour 12 by Narendra Shah of Mandla for his aid against the latter s cousins 13 By the time of Maharaj Shah 1732 1742 the kingdom held only 29 out of the initial 52 forts held by his ancestor Sangram Shah In 1742 peshwa Balaji Baji Rao attacked Mandla and killed Maharaj Shah His son Shivraj Singh ascended he throne on the condition that he would pay an annual tribute of 4 lakhs to the Marathas 14 In 1781 1 or 1780 11 Narhar Shah of Mandla was defeated by the Maratha king of Nagpur 1 10 Mudhoji Bhonsle and sent to spend the rest of his days at Khurai fort in Saugor 1 In 1817 Mandla came under British rule 10 The anthropologist Stephen Fuchs describes In 1781 the last Gond ruler of Mandla Narhar Shah was tortured to death by the Maratha general Moraji and Mandla became a dependency of the Saugor Marathas In 1799 Mandla fell to the Bhonsla king of Nagpur till in 1818 the British took over and assumed the rule also over Mandla 15 Shankar Shah a pensioner of the British 1 descendent of the rajas of Garha Mandla and his son Raghunath Shah were arrested of a plot to murder the English residents of Jabalpur during the Revolt of 1857 and were executed by blowing from a gun 1 in Jabalpur 7 Emblem of Gondwana State EditFor over a millennium in South Asia the visual trope of a triumphant lion vanquishing one or several elephants has been common in architectural sculpture both in the round and in relief In the rather limited scholarship on this motif diverse interpretations have been offered Although its presence has remained fairly stable through time there exist many minor variations on this motif including the use of leonine creatures variously described as vyalas or yalis and the incorporation of other fantastic creatures known popularly as makaras in such combats In South India the myth of the fantastic composite animal called the Sarabha takes this imagery yet further Yet the simple image of a lion victorious over one or more elephants was situated very strategically within certain architectural programs for given periods and places For example Gondwana Kingdom forts Deccani forts constructed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries carried this representation on their barbicans and gateways While tracing the history of this visual motif Administration EditAdministration of Gondwana was becoming centralised The kingdom was divided into garh each garh was controlled by particular Gond clan This was further divided into units of 84 villages called chourasi The chourasi was further subdivided into barhots which are made up of 12 villages each 53 Garh of Gondwana EditGarha Singhorgarh Kurwai Rahatgarh Ginnorgarh Bhopal Makrai Madogarh Mandla Amoda Jabalpur Patangarh Jabalpur Chourai Bargi Ghansour Karvagarh Seoni Chaiturgarh Lafagarh korba Raigarh Tipagarh Balaghat Kanoja Jabalpur Pachelgarh Jabalpur Bagmar Mandla Dongartal Nagpur Jhanjhangarh Jabalpur Santagarh Diyagarh Jabalpur Bankagarh Amargarh Dindori Devhar Dindori Nimuagarh Narsinghpur Bhanwargarh Narsinghpur Pawai karhi Shahnagar Dhamoni Hatta Madiyado Garhakota Shahgarh Garhpahra Sagar Damoh Rehli Itwa Sagar Khimlasa Badi Chowkigarh Hoshangabad Karubag Raisen Raisen Bhanwaraso Opadgarh Bhopal Punagarh Narsinghpur Deori Gourjhamar Partabgarh Bilaspur Fatehpur Hoshangabad Garh katangaList of Rulers EditIndependent rulers Edit Kharji 1440 1460 Gorakshakdas 1460 1480 Sukhandar 1480 1500 Arjun Das 150 1513 Sangram Shah also known as Aman das 1513 1543 10 Dalpat Shah 1543 1550 2 Rani Durgawati 1550 1564 5 2 10 Chandra Shah c 1589 10 Madhukar Shah Prem Narain Hridayshah 1634 1668 Chhatra Shah 1668 1685 Kesari Shah 1685 1688 16 Narendra Shah 1688 1732 Shahi 1732 1742 Shivaraj Shah 1742 1749 Durjan Shah 1749 Mahipal Shah 1749 1776 Narhari Shah 1776 1778 Sumedh Shah 1778 1781 References Edit a b c d e f g h Chatterton Eyre 8 January 2021 The Story Of Gondwana Read Books Ltd ISBN 978 1 5287 6963 1 a b c d e f Gupta Archana Garodia 20 April 2019 The Women Who Ruled India Leaders Warriors Icons Hachette India ISBN 978 93 5195 153 7 The Gond kingdoms downtoearth Misra Suresa 2007 Tribal Ascendancy in Central India The Gond Kingdom of Garha Manak Publications ISBN 978 81 7827 185 9 a b Datta Saurav Ranjan Goddesses of Fury History s Most Daring Queens The Little Booktique Hub p 151 ISBN 978 93 93209 19 1 Rani Durgavati The Warrior Queen of the Gonds Archived from the original on 2018 02 13 Retrieved 2018 02 12 a b West Barbara A 19 May 2010 Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania Infobase Publishing ISBN 978 1 4381 1913 7 Orissa District Gazetteers Mandla Superintendent Orissa Government Press 1995 a b c Pradesh India Madhya 1992 Madhya Pradesh Balaghat Government Central Press a b c d e f g Sharma Anima 2005 Tribe in transition a study of Thakur Gonds 1st ed New Delhi Mittal Publications ISBN 9788170999898 a b Deogaonkar Shashishekhar Gopal 2007 The Gonds of Vidarbha Concept Publishing Company ISBN 978 81 8069 474 5 Sil Jogendra Nath 1917 History of the Central Provinces and Berar J N Sil Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others 2013 Pradesh India Madhya 1989 Madhya Pradesh Seoni Government Central Press Rashkow Ezra Ghosh Sanjukta Chakrabarti Upal 18 August 2017 Memory Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India Essays in Honour of Peter Robb Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1 351 59694 7 Five storey palace built from 350 year old stones Naidunia Naidunia Retrieved 12 December 2020 https thewire in rights adivasi religion recognition census Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Garha Kingdom amp oldid 1133355881, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
