The sagas tell that Sokki Þórisson, a wealthy farmer of the Brattahlíð area, launched the idea of a separate bishop for Greenland in the early 12th century and got the approval of the Norwegian King Sigurd I Magnusson 'the Crusader' (1103–1130). Most of the clergy came from Norway.
Bishops
This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available.(November 2021)
The diocese was first assigned to the ecclesiastical province of the German Metropolitan Archbishopric of Bremen. The diocese was subject to the Archdiocese of Lund (present-day Sweden) from 1126 to 1152. Arnaldur returned to Norway in 1150 and became bishop of Hamar (Norway) in 1152.
The third bishop was Jón Árnason (nicknamed Smyril). He took office in 1189. In 1202–1203 he went on a pilgrimage to Rome and met Pope Innocent III. He died in Garðar in 1209 and was buried there, most likely in the Northern Chapel of the cathedral.
The next bishop, Helgi, arrived in Greenland in 1212 and was bishop until his death in 1230.
In 1234, Nikulás was ordained. He arrived in Greenland in 1239. He died in 1242.
Ólafr was ordained in the same year, arriving in 1247.[6] He remained bishop until the mid-1280s. He was abroad from 1264 to 1280, thus hardly serving in his own diocese.
The next bishop was Þórdr, who stayed in Garðar from 1289 until his return to Norway in 1309.[6]
The next bishop was Árni, from 1315 to 1347. Due to poor communication between Greenland and Norway, it was assumed that he had died and a new bishop (Jón Skalli) was ordained in 1343. When it was discovered that bishop Árni was still alive, Skalli resigned and never went to Greenland.[6] Jon Skalli never visited Garðar.[6]
After Árni's death in 1347 there was a 19-year vacancy period. Norwegian cleric Ivar Bardsson served as principal during the interim period.[6]
Bishop Álfr was ordained in 1365 and served as the last effectively residential bishop of Garðar until 1378.
The Greenland diocese disappeared in the 15th century, when ships from Norway stopped.[7][8]
Bartholomeus de Sancto Hyppolito, O.P. (1433 – death 1440)
Gregorius (1440 – 1450)
Andreas
Jacobus Blaa, Dominican Order (O.P.) (16 June 1481 – ? deposed)
Mathias Canuto (Matthias Knutsson), a Danish monk of the Benedictine Order (O.S.B.) (9 July 1492 – ?). He had desired to reach Gardar in person, but there is no indication he ever did.[6]
Vincenz Kampe, O.F.M. (20 June 1519 – 1537).
Titular see
In 1996, the diocese was nominally restored as Latin titular bishopric of Gardar (Curiate Italian) / Garðar (Norsk bokmål Norwegian) / Garden(sis) (Latin adjective).
Presently the settlement of Igaliku is situated on the same location. The site has been the subject of archaeological investigations since the 1830s. The cathedral was the primary target of much of the archaeological work and was fully excavated in 1926 by Danish archaeologist Poul Nørlund [da] (1888–1951). Nørlund made several scientific studies in Greenland starting in 1921 and ending in 1932.[14]
Many Norse settlement ruins remain visible in Igaliku. The ruins mostly consist of the stone foundations of the walls in their original positions so that the extent of the settlement, both individual buildings and collectively, can be determined and understood. The main ruin is of the Garðar Cathedral, a cross-shaped church built of sandstone in the 12th century. The maximum length is 27 m, the width 16 m. Two large barns are on the site, able to have held up to 160 cows.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
^"Why Do We Celebrate Columbus Day and Not Leif Erikson Day?". Culture. 11 October 2015.
^Starr, Kevin (2016). Continental ambitions : Roman Catholics in North America : the Colonial experience. San Francisco. ISBN978-1-62164-118-6. OCLC 949870420.
^. antiquity.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 21 June 2011.
^ abcdefgLarson, Laurence M. (1919). "The Church in North America (Greenland) in the Middle Ages". The Catholic Historical Review. 5 (2/3): 175–194. ISSN 0008-8080. JSTOR 25011635.
^"History of Medieval Greenland". www.personal.utulsa.edu.
^Magnus Stefansson. "Ivar Bårdsson, Geistlig". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
^"American Journeys Background on Papal Letters Concerning the Bishophric of Gardar in Greenland during the Fifteenth Century". americanjourneys.org. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
^Fischer, Joseph; Soulsby, Basil H. (Basil Harrington) (1903). The discoveries of the Norsemen in America : with special relation to their early cartographical representation. Robarts - University of Toronto. London : H. Stevens, Son & Stiles. pp. 49–51.
^"Liutprand - Associazione culturale". www.liutprand.it. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
^"The Medieval American Church". The Catholic Historical Review. 3 (2): 210–227. 1917. ISSN 0008-8080. JSTOR 25011500.
Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, pg.232; Viking Press, 2005 ISBN0-670-03337-5
Albrethsen, Svend E. (2004). Norse ruins of the Southern Paamiut and Ivittuut region. SILA-The Greenland Research Centre at the Danish National Museum and Danish Polar Center. ISBN8790369726. OCLC 70276237.
Further reading
Buckland, Paul C. m.fl. (2009). Palaeoecological and historical evidence for manuring and irrigation at Garðar (Igaliku), Norse Eastern Settlement, Greenland. In The Holocene pages 105–116.
Høegsberg, Mogens Skaaning (2005). Det norrøne bispesæde i Gardar, Grønland (archeology master thesis in Danish). Aarhus University: Afdeling for Middelalder- og Renæssancearkæologi. OCLC 476576493.
Mitlid, Åke (2006). Grønlandsgåten. Kampen om Grønland. Levende Historie . 4 (6): 16–19. ISSN 1503-4208.
Plovgaard, Karen (1963). Da Grønland fik sit første bispesæde: Glimt fra nordboriget i det 12. århundrede (PDF). In Tidsskriftet Grønland (Danish) (12): 463–469
January 07, 2023
garðar, greenland, garðar, seat, bishop, norse, settlements, greenland, latin, catholic, titular, first, catholic, diocese, established, americas, garðarharvesting, vatnahverfi, garðarlocation, site, greenlandlocationkujalleq, greenlandcoordinates60, 9871000, . Gardar was the seat of the bishop in the Norse settlements in Greenland 1 It is a Latin Catholic titular see 2 and was the first Catholic diocese established in the Americas 3 GardarHarvesting the hay in Vatnahverfi GardarLocation of the site in GreenlandLocationKujalleq GreenlandCoordinates60 59 13 56 N 45 25 22 44 W 60 9871000 N 45 4229000 W 60 9871000 45 4229000 Coordinates 60 59 13 56 N 45 25 22 44 W 60 9871000 N 45 4229000 W 60 9871000 45 4229000 Contents 1 Diocese 2 Bishops 2 1 List of residential bishops 2 2 Ghost see 3 Titular see 4 Remains 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources and external links 8 Further readingDiocese EditThe sagas tell that Sokki THorisson a wealthy farmer of the Brattahlid area launched the idea of a separate bishop for Greenland in the early 12th century and got the approval of the Norwegian King Sigurd I Magnusson the Crusader 1103 1130 Most of the clergy came from Norway Bishops EditThis section is in list format but may read better as prose You can help by converting this section if appropriate Editing help is available November 2021 The first bishop of Gardar Arnaldur was ordained by the Archbishop of Lund in 1124 He arrived in Greenland in 1126 He began the construction of the cathedral dedicated to St Nicholas patron saint of sailors 4 The diocese was first assigned to the ecclesiastical province of the German Metropolitan Archbishopric of Bremen The diocese was subject to the Archdiocese of Lund present day Sweden from 1126 to 1152 Arnaldur returned to Norway in 1150 and became bishop of Hamar Norway in 1152 In 1152 this diocese as well as those of Iceland the Isle of Man the Orkney Islands and the Faroe Islands became suffragans to the newly established Norwegian Metropolitan Archdiocese of Nidaros now Trondheim 5 The second bishop was Jon Knutr who served from 1153 to 1186 The third bishop was Jon Arnason nicknamed Smyril He took office in 1189 In 1202 1203 he went on a pilgrimage to Rome and met Pope Innocent III He died in Gardar in 1209 and was buried there most likely in the Northern Chapel of the cathedral The next bishop Helgi arrived in Greenland in 1212 and was bishop until his death in 1230 In 1234 Nikulas was ordained He arrived in Greenland in 1239 He died in 1242 olafr was ordained in the same year arriving in 1247 6 He remained bishop until the mid 1280s He was abroad from 1264 to 1280 thus hardly serving in his own diocese The next bishop was THordr who stayed in Gardar from 1289 until his return to Norway in 1309 6 The next bishop was Arni from 1315 to 1347 Due to poor communication between Greenland and Norway it was assumed that he had died and a new bishop Jon Skalli was ordained in 1343 When it was discovered that bishop Arni was still alive Skalli resigned and never went to Greenland 6 Jon Skalli never visited Gardar 6 After Arni s death in 1347 there was a 19 year vacancy period Norwegian cleric Ivar Bardsson served as principal during the interim period 6 Bishop Alfr was ordained in 1365 and served as the last effectively residential bishop of Gardar until 1378 The Greenland diocese disappeared in the 15th century when ships from Norway stopped 7 8 News of the diocese has been reported in two letters by popes Nicholas V and Alexander VI first compiled by papal chamberlain J C Heywood in 1893 in Rome and republished in 1903 9 10 11 12 List of residential bishops Edit Crosier and episcopal ring of a 13th century Greenlandic bishop probably olafr 1247 1280 Residential bishops 13 Bishop Consecrated Served yearsEirikr Gnupsson Before 1112 1112 1121 Served in Greenland prior to the establishment of the see Arnaldr 1124 1126 1150Jon knutr 1150 After 1150 1187Jon smyrill Arnason 1188 1189 1209Helgi 1210 1212 1212 1230Nikolas 1234 1239 1242olafr 1246 1247 1280THordr 1288 1289 1309Arni 1313 or 1314 1315 1347 or 1348 Alfr 1365 1368 1377 or 1378 Ghost see Edit Although the diocese had ceased to function full bishops were nominated to the see until 1537 apparently none of whom ever visited the diocese 6 Henricus mentioned in 1386 Bertholdus circa 1407 Jacobus Treppe Friars Minor O F M 27 March 1411 death 1421 Nicolaus Robertus Ryngman O F M 30 May 1425 Gobelinus Volant Canons Regular of Saint Augustine C R S A circa 1 October 1431 19 March 1432 next bishop of Diocese of Borglum Denmark 1432 03 19 not possessed Johannes Erles de Moys O F M 12 July 1432 Bartholomeus de Sancto Hyppolito O P 1433 death 1440 Gregorius 1440 1450 Andreas Jacobus Blaa Dominican Order O P 16 June 1481 deposed Mathias Canuto Matthias Knutsson a Danish monk of the Benedictine Order O S B 9 July 1492 He had desired to reach Gardar in person but there is no indication he ever did 6 Vincenz Kampe O F M 20 June 1519 1537 Titular see EditIn 1996 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin titular bishopric of Gardar Curiate Italian Gardar Norsk bokmal Norwegian Garden sis Latin adjective Its single incumbent of the fitting Episcopal lowest rank was Edward William Clark Auxiliary bishop of Los Angeles 16 January 2001 present Remains EditPresently the settlement of Igaliku is situated on the same location The site has been the subject of archaeological investigations since the 1830s The cathedral was the primary target of much of the archaeological work and was fully excavated in 1926 by Danish archaeologist Poul Norlund da 1888 1951 Norlund made several scientific studies in Greenland starting in 1921 and ending in 1932 14 Many Norse settlement ruins remain visible in Igaliku The ruins mostly consist of the stone foundations of the walls in their original positions so that the extent of the settlement both individual buildings and collectively can be determined and understood The main ruin is of the Gardar Cathedral a cross shaped church built of sandstone in the 12th century The maximum length is 27 m the width 16 m Two large barns are on the site able to have held up to 160 cows See also EditList of Catholic dioceses in Denmark Western Settlement Middle Settlement Eastern Settlement Bishop of Greenland Lutheran Bishop References Edit Eastern Settlement at Gardar Igaliku Greenlan The Holocene 2009 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 29 September 2010 Why Do We Celebrate Columbus Day and Not Leif Erikson Day Culture 11 October 2015 Starr Kevin 2016 Continental ambitions Roman Catholics in North America the Colonial experience San Francisco ISBN 978 1 62164 118 6 OCLC 949870420 Gardar Greenland Bishops www servinghistory com Land management at the bishop s seat Gardar medieval Greenland Antiquity Journal antiquity ac uk Archived from the original on 21 June 2011 a b c d e f g Larson Laurence M 1919 The Church in North America Greenland in the Middle Ages The Catholic Historical Review 5 2 3 175 194 ISSN 0008 8080 JSTOR 25011635 History of Medieval Greenland www personal utulsa edu Magnus Stefansson Ivar Bardsson Geistlig Norsk biografisk leksikon Retrieved 17 October 2015 American Journeys Background on Papal Letters Concerning the Bishophric of Gardar in Greenland during the Fifteenth Century americanjourneys org Retrieved 31 March 2021 Fischer Joseph Soulsby Basil H Basil Harrington 1903 The discoveries of the Norsemen in America with special relation to their early cartographical representation Robarts University of Toronto London H Stevens Son amp Stiles pp 49 51 Liutprand Associazione culturale www liutprand it Retrieved 31 March 2021 The Medieval American Church The Catholic Historical Review 3 2 210 227 1917 ISSN 0008 8080 JSTOR 25011500 Gronlands historiske mindesmaerker at the Internet Archive Gardar The Norse History of Greenland 982 1500 Archived from the original on 4 August 2017 Retrieved 29 September 2010 Sources and external links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gardar Greenland Gronland i middelalderen fra landnam til undergang GCatholic Gronlands Forhistorie Gyldendal Kobenhavn 2005 ISBN 87 02 01724 5 Diamond Jared M Collapse How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed pg 232 Viking Press 2005 ISBN 0 670 03337 5 Albrethsen Svend E 2004 Norse ruins of the Southern Paamiut and Ivittuut region SILA The Greenland Research Centre at the Danish National Museum and Danish Polar Center ISBN 8790369726 OCLC 70276237 Further reading EditBuckland Paul C m fl 2009 Palaeoecological and historical evidence for manuring and irrigation at Gardar Igaliku Norse Eastern Settlement Greenland In The Holocene pages 105 116 Hoegsberg Mogens Skaaning 2005 Det norrone bispesaede i Gardar Gronland archeology master thesis in Danish Aarhus University Afdeling for Middelalder og Renaessancearkaeologi OCLC 476576493 Mitlid Ake 2006 Gronlandsgaten Kampen om Gronland Levende Historie 4 6 16 19 ISSN 1503 4208 Plovgaard Karen 1963 Da Gronland fik sit forste bispesaede Glimt fra nordboriget i det 12 arhundrede PDF In Tidsskriftet Gronland Danish 12 463 469 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gardar Greenland amp oldid 1128168498, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
