Gamma was a Sovietgamma ray telescope. It was launched on 11 July 1990 into an orbit around Earth with a height of 375 km and an inclination of 51.6 degrees. It lasted for around 2 years. On board the mission were three telescopes, all of which could be pointed at the same source. The project was a joint Soviet-French project.[3]
Drawing of the Gamma space telescope satellite. The spaceframe and subsystems of the satellite were based on the Progress spacecraft.
The Gamma-1 telescope was the main telescope. It consisted of 2 scintillation counters and a gas Cerenkov counter. With an effective area of around 0.2 square metres (2.2 sq ft), it operated in the energy range of 50 MeV to 6 GeV. At 100 MeV it initially had an angular resolution of 1.5 degrees, with a field of view of 5 degrees and an energy resolution of 12%. A Telezvezda star tracker increased the pointing position accuracy of the Gamma-1 telescope to 2 arcminutes by tracking stars up to an apparent magnitude of 5 within its 6 by 6 degree field of view. However, due to the failure of power to a spark chamber, for most of the mission the resolution was around 10 degrees.[3]
The telescope was conceived in 1965, as part of the Soviet Cloud Space Station, which evolved into the Multi-module Orbital Complex (MOK).[4] When work on Gamma finally began in 1972, it was intended to create a Gamma observatory, the first space station module for MOK, the first modular space station in the Salyut programme.[5] For this, it was designed to add the scientific instruments of the observatory to a spacecraft derived from the Progress spacecraft – with the Progress in turn being a Soyuz spacecraft derivate – and that this spacecraft would dock to a MOK space station. However, in 1974, at the time it became a joint venture with France, the MOK space station project was canceled, and in February 1976, the Soviet space program was reconfigured. When on 16 February 1979 production of the telescope was authorized, the plans for the Soviet space station modules had evolved to use the Functional Cargo Block of the TKS spacecraft instead, with the Kvant-1 Roentgen observatory eventually becoming the first such module for Mir – as a result of these changes the Gamma observatory was redesigned as the free flying Gamma satellite. At that time the telescope was authorized in 1979, it was planned to be launched in 1984, but the actual launch was delayed until 1990.
OperationEdit
The Disk-M telescope operated in the energy range 20 keV - 5 MeV. It consisted of Sodium iodide scintillation crystals, and had an angular resolution of 25 arcminutes. However, it stopped working shortly after the mission was launched.[3]
Finally, the Pulsar X-2 telescope had 30 arcminute resolution and a 10 deg x 10 deg field of view, and operated in the energy range 2-25 keV.[3]
gamma, satellite, gamma, soviet, gamma, telescope, launched, july, 1990, into, orbit, around, earth, with, height, inclination, degrees, lasted, around, years, board, mission, were, three, telescopes, which, could, pointed, same, source, project, joint, soviet. Gamma was a Soviet gamma ray telescope It was launched on 11 July 1990 into an orbit around Earth with a height of 375 km and an inclination of 51 6 degrees It lasted for around 2 years On board the mission were three telescopes all of which could be pointed at the same source The project was a joint Soviet French project 3 GammaOperatorRKACOSPAR ID1990 058ASATCAT no 20683Mission duration2 yearsSpacecraft propertiesBusSoyuzLaunch mass7 350 kg 16 200 lb 1 Start of missionLaunch dateJuly 11 1990 1990 07 11 RocketSoyuz 2 Launch siteTyuratamEnd of missionDecay dateFebruary 28 1992 1992 02 28 Orbital parametersEccentricity0 00326Perigee altitude190 km 2 Apogee altitude233 km 2 Inclination51 6 Period88 45 minMainWavelengthsGamma rayInstrumentsGamma 1 telescope 50 MeV to 6 GeV 3 Disk M telescope 20 keV to 5 MeV 3 Pulsar X 2 telescope 2 25 keV 3 Contents 1 Background 2 Operation 3 References 4 External linksBackground Edit Drawing of the Gamma space telescope satellite The spaceframe and subsystems of the satellite were based on the Progress spacecraft The Gamma 1 telescope was the main telescope It consisted of 2 scintillation counters and a gas Cerenkov counter With an effective area of around 0 2 square metres 2 2 sq ft it operated in the energy range of 50 MeV to 6 GeV At 100 MeV it initially had an angular resolution of 1 5 degrees with a field of view of 5 degrees and an energy resolution of 12 A Telezvezda star tracker increased the pointing position accuracy of the Gamma 1 telescope to 2 arcminutes by tracking stars up to an apparent magnitude of 5 within its 6 by 6 degree field of view However due to the failure of power to a spark chamber for most of the mission the resolution was around 10 degrees 3 The telescope was conceived in 1965 as part of the Soviet Cloud Space Station which evolved into the Multi module Orbital Complex MOK 4 When work on Gamma finally began in 1972 it was intended to create a Gamma observatory the first space station module for MOK the first modular space station in the Salyut programme 5 For this it was designed to add the scientific instruments of the observatory to a spacecraft derived from the Progress spacecraft with the Progress in turn being a Soyuz spacecraft derivate and that this spacecraft would dock to a MOK space station However in 1974 at the time it became a joint venture with France the MOK space station project was canceled and in February 1976 the Soviet space program was reconfigured When on 16 February 1979 production of the telescope was authorized the plans for the Soviet space station modules had evolved to use the Functional Cargo Block of the TKS spacecraft instead with the Kvant 1 Roentgen observatory eventually becoming the first such module for Mir as a result of these changes the Gamma observatory was redesigned as the free flying Gamma satellite At that time the telescope was authorized in 1979 it was planned to be launched in 1984 but the actual launch was delayed until 1990 Operation EditThe Disk M telescope operated in the energy range 20 keV 5 MeV It consisted of Sodium iodide scintillation crystals and had an angular resolution of 25 arcminutes However it stopped working shortly after the mission was launched 3 Finally the Pulsar X 2 telescope had 30 arcminute resolution and a 10 deg x 10 deg field of view and operated in the energy range 2 25 keV 3 Observations included studies of the Vela Pulsar the Galactic Center Cygnus X 1 Hercules X 1 and the Crab Nebula The telescopes also measured the Sun during peak solar activity 3 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gamma satellite Darling David Gamma Soviet orbiting telescope www daviddarling info Retrieved 2018 12 30 a b c NASA NSSDCA Spacecraft Trajectory Details nssdc gsfc nasa gov NASA Retrieved 22 April 2016 a b c d e f g h The Gamma Satellite NASA Retrieved 2008 03 01 Gamma Astronautix com Archived from the original on 2008 07 06 Retrieved 2008 03 02 Portree David March 1995 Mir Hardware Heritage PDF NASA Archived from the original PDF on 7 September 2009 Retrieved 24 August 2012 External links Edit Spaceflight portalGamma on the Internet Encyclopedia of Science Gamma at Astronautix com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gamma satellite amp oldid 1108486966, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
