This article may be written in a style that is too abstract to be readily understandable by general audiences. Please improve it by defining technical terminology, and by adding examples.(October 2019)
Game piece is a concept of experimental music having its roots with composers Iannis Xenakis, Christian Wolff[need quotation to verify], John Zorn and Mathius Shadow-Sky. Game pieces may be considered controlled improvisation.[1][page needed] An essential characteristic is that there is no pre-arranged sequence of events. They unfold freely according to certain rules, like in a sports game. Therefore, game pieces have elements of improvisation. A number of methods can be used to determine the direction and evolution of the music, including hand gestures. Zorn's game piece "Cobra", which has been recorded several times for various labels, uses a combination of cards and gestures and can be performed by an ensemble of any size and composition. Zorn's game pieces, written in the late 1970s and mid-1980s, include Cobra, Hockey, Lacrosse, and Xu Feng.[1]
Mathius Shadow-Sky (born 1961) developed music gaming system founded on Roger Caillois, Gilles Deleuze, and Lewis Caroll's concepts to create new 'scoring' for music. Starting in 1980 with Ludus Musicae Temporarium for an 'archisonic lamps consort', [2] followed by several music games among them: The Ephemerodes Card of Chrones in 1984 [3] for a broken piano orchestra, a temporal music game based on elastic rhythms interactions (within nonoctave scales for sliding morphing harmony).[4][5]
As well as a sports game, a game piece may also be considered analogous to language: The performance is directed by a well-defined set of rules (a grammar) but by no means fixed or predetermined (just as all sentences generated by the same grammar are not the same). The length of a piece may be arbitrary, just as a sentence can be of any imaginable length while still conforming to a strictly defined syntax.
In Formalized Music (2001), Iannis Xenakis mentions two pieces in his oeuvre that utilize game theory: Duel (1959) and Stratégie (1962).[6] The first of these, Duel, involves an orchestra that is broken into two groups, each with a separate conductor. Each conductor chooses from a palette of six modules, and points are assigned to each conductor based on the combinations of modules that occurred. Stratégie expands this process to a larger orchestra, and it simplifies the rules to make performance easier.[7]
German experimental group Einsturzende Neubauten developed a 600 card game piece named Dave. Vocalist Blixa Bargeld describes the card game as "not too much of an aleatoric thing as it is a navigation system". Dave is used as an improvisational spur in live performance and was used extensively in the composing and recording of Alles in Allem.[8]
Brotzman's Signs and Images
Free jazz saxophonist Peter Brotzmann devised, designed and illustrated two card games, Signs and Images, in the early 2000s to be used by the Chicago Tentet.[9]Signs consists of twenty-five cards and Images fifteen. The games were released by Brotzmann as a limited edition in 2002.[10]
Referencesedit
^ abBrackett, John. John Zorn: Tradition and Transgression, p.xi. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008. ISBN978-0-253-22025-7.
^ Shadow-Sky, Mathius: The Book of Ephemerodes, editions AcquAvivA, Berlin 2017
^Sandra Manuela Lanuza Bardají, Teoría de juegos como estrategia compositiva de formas abiertas, Centro Superior de Enseñanza Musical Katarina Gurska, Enero 2019
^Xenakis, Iannis (2001). Formalized Music (second ed.). Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press. pp. viii.
^Harley, James (2011). Xenakis: His Life in Music. New York: New York. pp. 23–24.
^Harriman, Andi. "40 Years of Einstürzende Neubauten: Blixa Bargeld on the Phases of Making an Album". post-punk.com. post-punk.com. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
^"PETER BRÖTZMANN – Signs & Images Card game". Trost Records. Trost Records. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
^"Images and Signs – A Card Game [Numbered]". Boo-Hooray. Boo-Hooray. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
Bailey, Derek: Improvisation. Its nature and practise in music, 1992, pp. 75–78.
Beresford, Steve: "John Zorn interviewed", in: Resonance. Published by London Musician's Collective vol.2, nr. 2, summer, 1994.
Cox, Christoph and Warner, Daniel: "The Game Pieces", in: Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music, New York (Continuum), 2004, pp. 196–200.
Harley, James. Xenakis: His Life in Music. New York: Routledge, 2011.
Huesmann, Günther: "John Zorn. Über die Verfügbarkeit der Töne" i Ohnesorg, Faanz Xaver: Die Befreiung der Musik. Eine Einführung in die Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Köln (Gustav Lübbe Verlag), 1994.
Lange, Art: Article in booklet of Zorn (1991;I1),
Lange, Art: "Der Architekt der Spiele. Gespräch mit John Zorn über seine musikalischen Regelsysteme", Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 2, 1991.
Mandel, Howard: "Howard Mandel interview John Zorn", EAR Magazine Vol. II no. 2, oct., 1986. LOGOS.
Mandel, Howard: "Ich habe viele kleine Tricks". John Zorn interview. MusikTexte 23, Febr., 1988.
Mandel, Howard: "Guerilla Strategist: John Zorn interviewed by Howard Mandel", Resonance vol. 6 nr. 1, 1997.
McGuire, John: "Spiele um des Spiels willen. Der New Yorker Komponist und Musiker John Zorn. MusikTexte 23, February 1988.
Rovere, Walter; Chiti, Carlo in collaboration with Achilli, Alessandro; chadbourne, Eugene; Coralli, Michele; Romero, Enrico: Itinerari oltre il suono. John Zorn. In Italian and English, Milano/Valdarno (Materiali Sonori Edizioni Musicali snc) 1998.
Solothurnmann, Jürg: "Trickfilmmusik" (1986), Landolt, Patrik; Wyss Ruedi (ed.): Die lachenden Aussenseiter. Musikerinnen und Musiker zwischen Jazz, Rock und neuer Musik. Die 80er und 90er Jahre. Ein Buch der Wochenzeitung (WOZ) im Rotpunktverlag. Zürich (Rotpunktverlag), 1993.
Tetsu, Shiba: Two Game Pieces (English and Japanese versions).
Watrous, Peter: sleeve notes for John Zorn: Cobra. 2 LP-sæt, hatART 2034, 1986.
Whitehead, Kevin, "A Field Guide To Cobra," Pulse!, November 1994.
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This article may be written in a style that is too abstract to be readily understandable by general audiences Please improve it by defining technical terminology and by adding examples October 2019 Game piece is a concept of experimental music having its roots with composers Iannis Xenakis Christian Wolff need quotation to verify John Zorn and Mathius Shadow Sky Game pieces may be considered controlled improvisation 1 page needed An essential characteristic is that there is no pre arranged sequence of events They unfold freely according to certain rules like in a sports game Therefore game pieces have elements of improvisation A number of methods can be used to determine the direction and evolution of the music including hand gestures Zorn s game piece Cobra which has been recorded several times for various labels uses a combination of cards and gestures and can be performed by an ensemble of any size and composition Zorn s game pieces written in the late 1970s and mid 1980s include Cobra Hockey Lacrosse and Xu Feng 1 Mathius Shadow Sky born 1961 developed music gaming system founded on Roger Caillois Gilles Deleuze and Lewis Caroll s concepts to create new scoring for music Starting in 1980 with Ludus Musicae Temporarium for an archisonic lamps consort 2 followed by several music games among them The Ephemerodes Card of Chrones in 1984 3 for a broken piano orchestra a temporal music game based on elastic rhythms interactions within nonoctave scales for sliding morphing harmony 4 5 As well as a sports game a game piece may also be considered analogous to language The performance is directed by a well defined set of rules a grammar but by no means fixed or predetermined just as all sentences generated by the same grammar are not the same The length of a piece may be arbitrary just as a sentence can be of any imaginable length while still conforming to a strictly defined syntax In Formalized Music 2001 Iannis Xenakis mentions two pieces in his oeuvre that utilize game theory Duel 1959 and Strategie 1962 6 The first of these Duel involves an orchestra that is broken into two groups each with a separate conductor Each conductor chooses from a palette of six modules and points are assigned to each conductor based on the combinations of modules that occurred Strategie expands this process to a larger orchestra and it simplifies the rules to make performance easier 7 German experimental group Einsturzende Neubauten developed a 600 card game piece named Dave Vocalist Blixa Bargeld describes the card game as not too much of an aleatoric thing as it is a navigation system Dave is used as an improvisational spur in live performance and was used extensively in the composing and recording of Alles in Allem 8 Brotzman s Signs and Images Free jazz saxophonist Peter Brotzmann devised designed and illustrated two card games Signs and Images in the early 2000s to be used by the Chicago Tentet 9 Signs consists of twenty five cards and Images fifteen The games were released by Brotzmann as a limited edition in 2002 10 References edit a b Brackett John John Zorn Tradition and Transgression p xi Bloomington Indiana University Press 2008 ISBN 978 0 253 22025 7 Musique ludique Les Ephemerodes Cardent des Chrones 1984 Shadow Sky Mathius The Book of Ephemerodes editions AcquAvivA Berlin 2017 Sandra Manuela Lanuza Bardaji Teoria de juegos como estrategia compositiva de formas abiertas Centro Superior de Ensenanza Musical Katarina Gurska Enero 2019 Xenakis Iannis 2001 Formalized Music second ed Stuyvesant NY Pendragon Press pp viii Harley James 2011 Xenakis His Life in Music New York New York pp 23 24 Harriman Andi 40 Years of Einsturzende Neubauten Blixa Bargeld on the Phases of Making an Album post punk com post punk com Retrieved 15 August 2023 PETER BROTZMANN Signs amp Images Card game Trost Records Trost Records Retrieved 15 August 2023 Images and Signs A Card Game Numbered Boo Hooray Boo Hooray Retrieved 15 August 2023 Bailey Derek Improvisation Its nature and practise in music 1992 pp 75 78 Beresford Steve John Zorn interviewed in Resonance Published by London Musician s Collective vol 2 nr 2 summer 1994 Cox Christoph and Warner Daniel The Game Pieces in Audio Culture Readings in Modern Music New York Continuum 2004 pp 196 200 Harley James Xenakis His Life in Music New York Routledge 2011 Huesmann Gunther John Zorn Uber die Verfugbarkeit der Tone i Ohnesorg Faanz Xaver Die Befreiung der Musik Eine Einfuhrung in die Musik des 20 Jahrhunderts Koln Gustav Lubbe Verlag 1994 Lange Art Article in booklet of Zorn 1991 I1 Lange Art Der Architekt der Spiele Gesprach mit John Zorn uber seine musikalischen Regelsysteme Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik 2 1991 Mandel Howard Howard Mandel interview John Zorn EAR Magazine Vol II no 2 oct 1986 LOGOS Mandel Howard Ich habe viele kleine Tricks John Zorn interview MusikTexte 23 Febr 1988 Mandel Howard Guerilla Strategist John Zorn interviewed by Howard Mandel Resonance vol 6 nr 1 1997 McGuire John Spiele um des Spiels willen Der New Yorker Komponist und Musiker John Zorn MusikTexte 23 February 1988 Rovere Walter Chiti Carlo in collaboration with Achilli Alessandro chadbourne Eugene Coralli Michele Romero Enrico Itinerari oltre il suono John Zorn In Italian and English Milano Valdarno Materiali Sonori Edizioni Musicali snc 1998 Shadow Sky Mathius Ludus Musicae Temporarium 1980 music game for angle poise lamp orchestra http centrebombe org livre 1980 b html Shadow Sky Mathius The Ephemerodes Card of Chrones 1984 music game for broken piano orchestra http centrebombe org livre 1984a html Solothurnmann Jurg Trickfilmmusik 1986 Landolt Patrik Wyss Ruedi ed Die lachenden Aussenseiter Musikerinnen und Musiker zwischen Jazz Rock und neuer Musik Die 80er und 90er Jahre Ein Buch der Wochenzeitung WOZ im Rotpunktverlag Zurich Rotpunktverlag 1993 Tetsu Shiba Two Game Pieces English and Japanese versions https web archive org web 20080605113636 http www20 brinkster com improarchive sht htm Watrous Peter sleeve notes for John Zorn Cobra 2 LP saet hatART 2034 1986 Whitehead Kevin A Field Guide To Cobra Pulse November 1994 Xenakis Iannis Formalized Music Stuyvesant NY Pendragon Press 1992 External links edit Games for Music open library of game pieces Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Game piece music amp oldid 1171375834, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
