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Wikipedia

GRK6

October 30, 2023

This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and is most highly similar to GRK4 and GRK5.[5][6][7] The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors to regulate their signaling.

GRK6
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesGRK6, GPRK6, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6
External IDsOMIM: 600869 MGI: 1347078 HomoloGene: 37570 GeneCards: GRK6
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

2870

26385

Ensembl

ENSG00000198055

ENSMUSG00000074886

UniProt

P43250

O70293

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001004105
NM_001004106
NM_002082
NM_001364164

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001004105
NP_001004106
NP_002073
NP_001351093

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 177.4 – 177.44 MbChr 13: 55.59 – 55.61 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function edit

G protein-coupled receptor kinases phosphorylate activated G protein-coupled receptors, which promotes the binding of an arrestin protein to the receptor. Arrestin binding to phosphorylated, active receptor prevents receptor stimulation of heterotrimeric G protein transducer proteins, blocking their cellular signaling and resulting in receptor desensitization. Arrestin binding also directs receptors to specific cellular internalization pathways, removing the receptors from the cell surface and also preventing additional activation. Arrestin binding to phosphorylated, active receptor also enables receptor signaling through arrestin partner proteins. Thus the GRK/arrestin system serves as a complex signaling switch for G protein-coupled receptors.[8]

GRK6 and the closely related GRK5 phosphorylate receptors at sites that encourage arrestin-mediated signaling rather than arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization, internalization and trafficking (in contrast to GRK2 and GRK3, which have the opposite effect).[9][10] This difference is one basis for pharmacological biased agonism (also called functional selectivity), where a drug binding to a receptor may bias that receptor’s signaling toward a particular subset of the actions stimulated by that receptor.[11][12]

GRK6 is widely and relatively evenly expressed throughout the body, but with particularly high expression in immune cells.[6] GRK6 exists in three splice variants that differ in the carboxyl terminal region that regulates membrane association: one form is palmitoylated, another contains a lipid-binding polybasic domain, and the third is truncated and has neither.[13] In the mouse, GRK6 regulates the D2 dopamine receptor in the striatum region of the brain, and loss of GRK6 leads to increased sensitivity to psychostimulant drugs that act through dopamine.[14] Overexpression of GRK6 in the striatum in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease improves drug-induced movement disorder (tardive dyskinesia) symptoms arising from L-DOPA therapy.[15] In mouse immune cells, GRK6 is important for chemotaxis of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes in response to the chemoattractant CXCL12,[16] and of neutrophils to sites of injury in response to leukotriene B4.[17]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198055 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000074886 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Benovic JL, Gomez J (1993). "Molecular cloning and expression of GRK6. A new member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family". J Biol Chem. 268 (26): 19521–19527. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36546-9. PMID 8366096.
  6. ^ a b Haribabu B, Snyderman R (1993). "Identification of additional members of human G-protein-coupled receptor kinase multigene family". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90 (20): 9398–9402. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.9398H. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.20.9398. PMC 47575. PMID 8415712.
  7. ^ Premont RT, Inglese J, Lefkowitz RJ (1995). "Protein kinases that phosphorylate activated G protein-coupled receptors". FASEB J. 9 (2): 175–182. doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.2.7781920. PMID 7781920. S2CID 20428064.
  8. ^ Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV (2019). "GPCR Signaling Regulation: The Role of GRKs and Arrestins". Front Pharmacol. 10: 125. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00125. PMC 6389790. PMID 30837883.
  9. ^ Kim J, Ahn S, Ren XR, Whalen EJ, Reiter E, Wei H, Lefkowitz RJ (2005). "Functional antagonism of different G protein-coupled receptor kinases for beta-arrestin-mediated angiotensin II receptor signaling". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102 (5): 1442–1447. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.1442K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409532102. PMC 547874. PMID 15671181.
  10. ^ Ren XR, Reiter E, Ahn S, Kim J, Chen W, Lefkowitz RJ (2005). "Different G protein-coupled receptor kinases govern G protein and beta-arrestin-mediated signaling of V2 vasopressin receptor". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102 (5): 1448–1453. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.1448R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409534102. PMC 547876. PMID 15671180.
  11. ^ Zidar DA, Violin JD, Whalen EJ, Lefkowitz RJ (2009). "Selective engagement of G protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) encodes distinct functions of biased ligands". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106 (24): 9649–9654. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9649Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904361106. PMC 2689814. PMID 19497875.
  12. ^ Choi M, Staus DP, Wingler LM, Ahn S, Pani B, Capel WD, Lefkowitz RJ (2018). "G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) orchestrate biased agonism at the β2-adrenergic receptor". Sci Signal. 11 (544): eaar7084. doi:10.1126/scisignal.aar7084. PMID 30131371.
  13. ^ Premont RT, Macrae AD, Aparicio SA, Kendall HE, Welch JE, Lefkowitz RJ (1999). "The GRK4 subfamily of G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Alternative splicing, gene organization, and sequence conservation". J Biol Chem. 274 (41): 29381–29389. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.41.29381. PMID 10506199.
  14. ^ Gainetdinov RR, Bohn LM, Sotnikova TD, Cyr M, Laakso A, Macrae AD, Torres GE, Kim KM, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG, Premont RT (2003). "Dopaminergic supersensitivity in G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6-deficient mice". Neuron. 38 (2): 291–303. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00192-2. PMID 12718862. S2CID 13986538.
  15. ^ Ahmed MR, Berthet A, Bychkov E, Porras G, Li Q, Bioulac BH, Carl YT, Bloch B, Kook S, Aubert I, Dovero S, Doudnikoff E, Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV, Bezard E (2010). "Lentiviral overexpression of GRK6 alleviates L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in experimental Parkinson's disease". Sci Transl Med. 2 (28): 28ra28. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000664. PMC 2933751. PMID 20410529.
  16. ^ Fong AM, Premont RT, Richardson RM, Yu YR, Lefkowitz RJ, Patel DD (2002). "Defective lymphocyte chemotaxis in beta-arrestin2- and GRK6-deficient mice". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99 (11): 7478–7483. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.7478F. doi:10.1073/pnas.112198299. PMC 124256. PMID 12032308.
  17. ^ Kavelaars A, Vroon A, Raatgever RP, Fong AM, Premont RT, Patel DD, Lefkowitz RJ, Heijnen CJ (2003). "Increased acute inflammation, leukotriene B4-induced chemotaxis, and signaling in mice deficient for G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6". J Immunol. 171 (11): 6128–6134. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.6128. PMID 14634128.

Further reading edit

  • Bullrich F, Druck T, Kunapuli P, et al. (1995). "Chromosomal mapping of the genes GPRK5 and GPRK6 encoding G protein-coupled receptor kinases GRK5 and GRK6". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 70 (3–4): 250–4. doi:10.1159/000134045. PMID 7789183.
  • Stoffel RH, Randall RR, Premont RT, et al. (1994). "Palmitoylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase, GRK6. Lipid modification diversity in the GRK family". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (45): 27791–4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)46852-4. PMID 7961702.
  • Loudon RP, Benovic JL (1994). "Expression, purification, and characterization of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK6". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (36): 22691–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31701-5. PMID 8077221.
  • Benovic JL, Gomez J (1993). "Molecular cloning and expression of GRK6. A new member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (26): 19521–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36546-9. PMID 8366096.
  • Freedman NJ, Ament AS, Oppermann M, et al. (1997). "Phosphorylation and desensitization of human endothelin A and B receptors. Evidence for G protein-coupled receptor kinase specificity". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (28): 17734–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.28.17734. PMID 9211925.
  • Loudon RP, Benovic JL (1997). "Altered activity of palmitoylation-deficient and isoprenylated forms of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK6". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (43): 27422–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.43.27422. PMID 9341194.
  • Stoffel RH, Inglese J, Macrae AD, et al. (1998). "Palmitoylation increases the kinase activity of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase, GRK6". Biochemistry. 37 (46): 16053–9. doi:10.1021/bi981432d. PMID 9819198. S2CID 26096361.
  • Premont RT, Claing A, Vitale N, et al. (1998). "β2-Adrenergic receptor regulation by GIT1, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase-associated ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (24): 14082–7. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9514082P. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14082. PMC 24330. PMID 9826657.
  • Milcent MD, Christophe T, Rabiet MJ, et al. (1999). "Overexpression of wild-type and catalytically inactive forms of GRK2 and GRK6 fails to alter the agonist-induced phosphorylation of the C5a receptor (CD88): evidence that GRK6 is autophosphorylated in COS-7 cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 259 (1): 224–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0758. PMID 10334944.
  • Lazari MF, Liu X, Nakamura K, et al. (1999). "Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases on the agonist-induced phosphorylation and internalization of the follitropin receptor". Mol. Endocrinol. 13 (6): 866–78. doi:10.1210/me.13.6.866. PMID 10379886.
  • Hall RA, Spurney RF, Premont RT, et al. (1999). "G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6A phosphorylates the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor via a PDZ domain-mediated interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (34): 24328–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24328. PMID 10446210.
  • Brenninkmeijer CB, Price SA, López Bernal A, Phaneuf S (1999). "Expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinases in pregnant term and non-pregnant human myometrium". J. Endocrinol. 162 (3): 401–8. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1620401. PMID 10467231.
  • Pronin AN, Morris AJ, Surguchov A, Benovic JL (2000). "Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (34): 26515–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003542200. PMID 10852916.
  • Tiruppathi C, Yan W, Sandoval R, et al. (2000). "G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5 regulates thrombin-activated signaling in endothelial cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (13): 7440–5. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.7440T. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.7440. PMC 16564. PMID 10861009.
  • Zhou H, Yan F, Tai HH (2001). "Phosphorylation and desensitization of the human thromboxane receptor-alpha by G protein-coupled receptor kinases". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298 (3): 1243–51. PMID 11504827.
  • Blaukat A, Pizard A, Breit A, et al. (2001). "Determination of bradykinin B2 receptor in vivo phosphorylation sites and their role in receptor function". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (44): 40431–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107024200. PMID 11517230.
  • Willets JM, Challiss RA, Nahorski SR (2002). "Endogenous G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 Regulates M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor phosphorylation and desensitization in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 15523–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111217200. PMID 11856737.
  • Grange-Midroit M, García-Sevilla JA, Ferrer-Alcón M, et al. (2002). "G protein-coupled receptor kinases, beta-arrestin-2 and associated regulatory proteins in the human brain: postmortem changes, effect of age and subcellular distribution". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 101 (1–2): 39–51. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00144-4. PMID 12007830.


 

This article on a gene on human chromosome 5 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

October 30, 2023
grk6, this, gene, encodes, member, protein, coupled, receptor, kinase, subfamily, protein, kinase, family, most, highly, similar, grk4, grk5, protein, phosphorylates, activated, forms, protein, coupled, receptors, regulate, their, signaling, available, structu. This gene encodes a member of the G protein coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser Thr protein kinase family and is most highly similar to GRK4 and GRK5 5 6 7 The protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein coupled receptors to regulate their signaling GRK6Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes2ACX 3NYN 3NYOIdentifiersAliasesGRK6 GPRK6 G protein coupled receptor kinase 6External IDsOMIM 600869 MGI 1347078 HomoloGene 37570 GeneCards GRK6Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 5 human 1 Band5q35 3Start177 403 204 bp 1 End177 442 901 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 13 mouse 2 Band13 B1 13 30 06 cMStart55 592 885 bp 2 End55 608 740 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inbloodmonocytebone marrow cellslymph nodespleenappendixpancreatic ductal cellspermthymusolfactory bulbTop expressed inPaneth cellinternal carotid arterycondylefossaexternal carotid arterybloodspleensubstantia nigravas deferensprimitive streakMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functiontransferase activity nucleotide binding protein kinase activity protein serine threonine kinase activity protein binding ATP binding G protein coupled receptor kinase activity kinase activity beta adrenergic receptor kinase activityCellular componentmembrane plasma membraneBiological processprotein phosphorylation Wnt signaling pathway phosphorylation regulation of G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway signal transduction G protein coupled receptor signaling pathwaySources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez287026385EnsemblENSG00000198055ENSMUSG00000074886UniProtP43250O70293RefSeq mRNA NM 001004105NM 001004106NM 002082NM 001364164NM 001038018NM 001112711NM 001286063NM 001286064NM 001286065NM 001286066NM 011938NM 001377076NM 001377077RefSeq protein NP 001004105NP 001004106NP 002073NP 001351093NP 001033107NP 001106182NP 001272992NP 001272993NP 001272994NP 001272995NP 036068NP 001364005NP 001364006Location UCSC Chr 5 177 4 177 44 MbChr 13 55 59 55 61 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit MouseFunction editG protein coupled receptor kinases phosphorylate activated G protein coupled receptors which promotes the binding of an arrestin protein to the receptor Arrestin binding to phosphorylated active receptor prevents receptor stimulation of heterotrimeric G protein transducer proteins blocking their cellular signaling and resulting in receptor desensitization Arrestin binding also directs receptors to specific cellular internalization pathways removing the receptors from the cell surface and also preventing additional activation Arrestin binding to phosphorylated active receptor also enables receptor signaling through arrestin partner proteins Thus the GRK arrestin system serves as a complex signaling switch for G protein coupled receptors 8 GRK6 and the closely related GRK5 phosphorylate receptors at sites that encourage arrestin mediated signaling rather than arrestin mediated receptor desensitization internalization and trafficking in contrast to GRK2 and GRK3 which have the opposite effect 9 10 This difference is one basis for pharmacological biased agonism also called functional selectivity where a drug binding to a receptor may bias that receptor s signaling toward a particular subset of the actions stimulated by that receptor 11 12 GRK6 is widely and relatively evenly expressed throughout the body but with particularly high expression in immune cells 6 GRK6 exists in three splice variants that differ in the carboxyl terminal region that regulates membrane association one form is palmitoylated another contains a lipid binding polybasic domain and the third is truncated and has neither 13 In the mouse GRK6 regulates the D2 dopamine receptor in the striatum region of the brain and loss of GRK6 leads to increased sensitivity to psychostimulant drugs that act through dopamine 14 Overexpression of GRK6 in the striatum in a rat model of Parkinson s disease improves drug induced movement disorder tardive dyskinesia symptoms arising from L DOPA therapy 15 In mouse immune cells GRK6 is important for chemotaxis of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in response to the chemoattractant CXCL12 16 and of neutrophils to sites of injury in response to leukotriene B4 17 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000198055 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000074886 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Benovic JL Gomez J 1993 Molecular cloning and expression of GRK6 A new member of the G protein coupled receptor kinase family J Biol Chem 268 26 19521 19527 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 19 36546 9 PMID 8366096 a b Haribabu B Snyderman R 1993 Identification of additional members of human G protein coupled receptor kinase multigene family Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 20 9398 9402 Bibcode 1993PNAS 90 9398H doi 10 1073 pnas 90 20 9398 PMC 47575 PMID 8415712 Premont RT Inglese J Lefkowitz RJ 1995 Protein kinases that phosphorylate activated G protein coupled receptors FASEB J 9 2 175 182 doi 10 1096 fasebj 9 2 7781920 PMID 7781920 S2CID 20428064 Gurevich VV Gurevich EV 2019 GPCR Signaling Regulation The Role of GRKs and Arrestins Front Pharmacol 10 125 doi 10 3389 fphar 2019 00125 PMC 6389790 PMID 30837883 Kim J Ahn S Ren XR Whalen EJ Reiter E Wei H Lefkowitz RJ 2005 Functional antagonism of different G protein coupled receptor kinases for beta arrestin mediated angiotensin II receptor signaling Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 5 1442 1447 Bibcode 2005PNAS 102 1442K doi 10 1073 pnas 0409532102 PMC 547874 PMID 15671181 Ren XR Reiter E Ahn S Kim J Chen W Lefkowitz RJ 2005 Different G protein coupled receptor kinases govern G protein and beta arrestin mediated signaling of V2 vasopressin receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 5 1448 1453 Bibcode 2005PNAS 102 1448R doi 10 1073 pnas 0409534102 PMC 547876 PMID 15671180 Zidar DA Violin JD Whalen EJ Lefkowitz RJ 2009 Selective engagement of G protein coupled receptor kinases GRKs encodes distinct functions of biased ligands Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 24 9649 9654 Bibcode 2009PNAS 106 9649Z doi 10 1073 pnas 0904361106 PMC 2689814 PMID 19497875 Choi M Staus DP Wingler LM Ahn S Pani B Capel WD Lefkowitz RJ 2018 G protein coupled receptor kinases GRKs orchestrate biased agonism at the b2 adrenergic receptor Sci Signal 11 544 eaar7084 doi 10 1126 scisignal aar7084 PMID 30131371 Premont RT Macrae AD Aparicio SA Kendall HE Welch JE Lefkowitz RJ 1999 The GRK4 subfamily of G protein coupled receptor kinases Alternative splicing gene organization and sequence conservation J Biol Chem 274 41 29381 29389 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 41 29381 PMID 10506199 Gainetdinov RR Bohn LM Sotnikova TD Cyr M Laakso A Macrae AD Torres GE Kim KM Lefkowitz RJ Caron MG Premont RT 2003 Dopaminergic supersensitivity in G protein coupled receptor kinase 6 deficient mice Neuron 38 2 291 303 doi 10 1016 S0896 6273 03 00192 2 PMID 12718862 S2CID 13986538 Ahmed MR Berthet A Bychkov E Porras G Li Q Bioulac BH Carl YT Bloch B Kook S Aubert I Dovero S Doudnikoff E Gurevich VV Gurevich EV Bezard E 2010 Lentiviral overexpression of GRK6 alleviates L dopa induced dyskinesia in experimental Parkinson s disease Sci Transl Med 2 28 28ra28 doi 10 1126 scitranslmed 3000664 PMC 2933751 PMID 20410529 Fong AM Premont RT Richardson RM Yu YR Lefkowitz RJ Patel DD 2002 Defective lymphocyte chemotaxis in beta arrestin2 and GRK6 deficient mice Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 11 7478 7483 Bibcode 2002PNAS 99 7478F doi 10 1073 pnas 112198299 PMC 124256 PMID 12032308 Kavelaars A Vroon A Raatgever RP Fong AM Premont RT Patel DD Lefkowitz RJ Heijnen CJ 2003 Increased acute inflammation leukotriene B4 induced chemotaxis and signaling in mice deficient for G protein coupled receptor kinase 6 J Immunol 171 11 6128 6134 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 171 11 6128 PMID 14634128 Further reading editBullrich F Druck T Kunapuli P et al 1995 Chromosomal mapping of the genes GPRK5 and GPRK6 encoding G protein coupled receptor kinases GRK5 and GRK6 Cytogenet Cell Genet 70 3 4 250 4 doi 10 1159 000134045 PMID 7789183 Stoffel RH Randall RR Premont RT et al 1994 Palmitoylation of G protein coupled receptor kinase GRK6 Lipid modification diversity in the GRK family J Biol Chem 269 45 27791 4 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 18 46852 4 PMID 7961702 Loudon RP Benovic JL 1994 Expression purification and characterization of the G protein coupled receptor kinase GRK6 J Biol Chem 269 36 22691 7 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 17 31701 5 PMID 8077221 Benovic JL Gomez J 1993 Molecular cloning and expression of GRK6 A new member of the G protein coupled receptor kinase family J Biol Chem 268 26 19521 7 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 19 36546 9 PMID 8366096 Freedman NJ Ament AS Oppermann M et al 1997 Phosphorylation and desensitization of human endothelin A and B receptors Evidence for G protein coupled receptor kinase specificity J Biol Chem 272 28 17734 43 doi 10 1074 jbc 272 28 17734 PMID 9211925 Loudon RP Benovic JL 1997 Altered activity of palmitoylation deficient and isoprenylated forms of the G protein coupled receptor kinase GRK6 J Biol Chem 272 43 27422 7 doi 10 1074 jbc 272 43 27422 PMID 9341194 Stoffel RH Inglese J Macrae AD et al 1998 Palmitoylation increases the kinase activity of the G protein coupled receptor kinase GRK6 Biochemistry 37 46 16053 9 doi 10 1021 bi981432d PMID 9819198 S2CID 26096361 Premont RT Claing A Vitale N et al 1998 b2 Adrenergic receptor regulation by GIT1 a G protein coupled receptor kinase associated ADP ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 24 14082 7 Bibcode 1998PNAS 9514082P doi 10 1073 pnas 95 24 14082 PMC 24330 PMID 9826657 Milcent MD Christophe T Rabiet MJ et al 1999 Overexpression of wild type and catalytically inactive forms of GRK2 and GRK6 fails to alter the agonist induced phosphorylation of the C5a receptor CD88 evidence that GRK6 is autophosphorylated in COS 7 cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 259 1 224 9 doi 10 1006 bbrc 1999 0758 PMID 10334944 Lazari MF Liu X Nakamura K et al 1999 Role of G protein coupled receptor kinases on the agonist induced phosphorylation and internalization of the follitropin receptor Mol Endocrinol 13 6 866 78 doi 10 1210 me 13 6 866 PMID 10379886 Hall RA Spurney RF Premont RT et al 1999 G protein coupled receptor kinase 6A phosphorylates the Na H exchanger regulatory factor via a PDZ domain mediated interaction J Biol Chem 274 34 24328 34 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 34 24328 PMID 10446210 Brenninkmeijer CB Price SA Lopez Bernal A Phaneuf S 1999 Expression of G protein coupled receptor kinases in pregnant term and non pregnant human myometrium J Endocrinol 162 3 401 8 doi 10 1677 joe 0 1620401 PMID 10467231 Pronin AN Morris AJ Surguchov A Benovic JL 2000 Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein coupled receptor kinases J Biol Chem 275 34 26515 22 doi 10 1074 jbc M003542200 PMID 10852916 Tiruppathi C Yan W Sandoval R et al 2000 G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 regulates thrombin activated signaling in endothelial cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 13 7440 5 Bibcode 2000PNAS 97 7440T doi 10 1073 pnas 97 13 7440 PMC 16564 PMID 10861009 Zhou H Yan F Tai HH 2001 Phosphorylation and desensitization of the human thromboxane receptor alpha by G protein coupled receptor kinases J Pharmacol Exp Ther 298 3 1243 51 PMID 11504827 Blaukat A Pizard A Breit A et al 2001 Determination of bradykinin B2 receptor in vivo phosphorylation sites and their role in receptor function J Biol Chem 276 44 40431 40 doi 10 1074 jbc M107024200 PMID 11517230 Willets JM Challiss RA Nahorski SR 2002 Endogenous G protein coupled receptor kinase 6 Regulates M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor phosphorylation and desensitization in human SH SY5Y neuroblastoma cells J Biol Chem 277 18 15523 9 doi 10 1074 jbc M111217200 PMID 11856737 Grange Midroit M Garcia Sevilla JA Ferrer Alcon M et al 2002 G protein coupled receptor kinases beta arrestin 2 and associated regulatory proteins in the human brain postmortem changes effect of age and subcellular distribution Brain Res Mol Brain Res 101 1 2 39 51 doi 10 1016 S0169 328X 02 00144 4 PMID 12007830 Portal nbsp Biology nbsp This article on a gene on human chromosome 5 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title GRK6 amp oldid 1116588237, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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