The GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), former Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (German: Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM-GEOMAR), is a research institute in Kiel, Germany. It was formed in 2004 by merging the Institute for Marine Science (Institut für Meereskunde Kiel, (IFM)) with the Research Center for Marine Geosciences (GEOMAR) and is co-funded by both federal and provincial governments.[4] It was a member of the Leibniz Association till 2012 and is coordinator of the FishBase Consortium.[2] Since 2012 it is member of the Helmholtz Association and named GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. The institute operates worldwide in all ocean basins,[4] specialising in climate dynamics, marine ecology and biogeochemistry, and ocean floor dynamics and circulation.[5] GEOMAR offers degree courses in affiliation with the University of Kiel,[3] and operates the Kiel Aquarium[6] and the Lithothek, a repository for split sediment core samples.[7]
GEOMAR is structured into four research divisions:[8]
Ocean circulation and climate dynamics: This division, led by Katja Matthes and Mojib Latif,[9] investigates climate from different time perspectives, with computer simulations and ocean current models that include meteorological, geological and oceanographic considerations. Current ocean measurements are made from research vessels at sea, and include the use of remote sensing.[10]
Marine biogeochemistry: Work in this division looks at the way the components of the marine biogeochemical processes interact with each other. These components include the material in the atmosphere, the sediment and oceanic reservoirs, and the biological organisms including humans. Particular attention is paid to the atmosphere/ocean interface and the sediment/ocean interface, as well as to elements and compounds which can cycle and cause radiative forcing. Research ranges from the atmosphere over the ocean, through the ocean surface layer into the water column, and then down to the marine sediments and the oceanic crust. Field work is also undertakes, as well as laboratory and mesocosm studies. The division also develops biological, chemical and isotope diagnostic tools for measuring proxy variables.[11]
Marine ecology: This division, led by Ulrich Sommer, aims to "understand the sensitivity of marine ecosystems to anthropogenic and natural changes, with a mid-term focus on climate change and overexploitation of marine bio-resources." It is important to understand how much stress a given ecosystem can absorb before structural shifts occur. When a shift does occur, it is necessary to understand how this will impact the ecosystem populations and the degree to which the shift can be reversed. Structural shifts can result in invasions by harmful organisms, species collapse and a radical reconfiguring of the biogeochemical cycles. Traditional approaches group species broadly into size classes and trophic levels measured by productivity or biomass. But to understand how ecosystems react to natural and anthropogenic stressors, specific differences in the way individual species react must also be understood, particularly where keystone species are involved. Research within this division range from genes to ecosystems, including the "ecophysiology of key species and its genetic basis, dynamics and genetics of individual populations and of communities, interactions within and among species, structure and response of entire food webs."[12]
Dynamics of the ocean floor: Research is focused on "processes that shape the oceanic lithosphere, and the impact of these processes on the environment, e.g. climate and natural hazards. These research themes are pursued in the three main geotectonic settings: divergent and convergent margins and in intraplate regions. These three settings represent critical stages in the life-cycle of the ocean floor. The ocean basins are created by the rifting apart of continents. Oceanic lithosphere then forms at mid-ocean ridges. It is subsequently modified by low and high temperature interactions with the overlying oceans, the addition of intraplate magmas, the deposition of marine sediments, and tectonic processes occurring at or near transform and convergent plate margins. When it subducts at convergent margins, the dehydration of the plate induces arc volcanism that creates and modifies the continental crust and transfers climate-relevant volatiles into the atmosphere. Such continental margins are sites of sediment accumulation, fluid exchange, important resources and major geo-hazards."[13]
Research fleet
GEOMAR operates two open ocean research vessels: the 36-year-old RV Poseidon (1050 GT)[14] and the 20-year-old RV Alkor (1000 GT).[15] In 2009, both vessels were refurbished and modernised.[16] It also operates the research cutter, RC Littorina (168 GT)[17] and the research boat, RB Polarfuchs (16 GT).[18] In addition it operates JAGO, a three-ton research submersible, the only manned research submersible in Germany,[4][19][20] capable of diving to 400 metres,[21] as well as a remotely operated underwater vehicle, ROV KIEL 6000 capable of diving to 6,000 metres,[22] an autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV ABYSS,[23] and a video-controlled hydraulic grab, TV-Grab.[24] At the end of 2010, the institute took possession of ROV PHOCA, a new 1.5 ton ROV with an operational working depth of 3000 metres.[25]
^Consortium members 2012-03-28 at the Wayback MachineDeutsches Forschungsbohrkonsortium. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
^ abPalomares MLD and Bailly N (2011) "Organising and disseminating marine biodiversity information: the FishBase and SeaLifeBase story" In: Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean (eds) Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press, page 30. ISBN978-0-521-13022-6.
^ abLeibniz Institute of Marine Sciences – IFM-GEOMAR (University affiliated) University of Kiel. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
^ abcdLeibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) 2012-03-27 at the Wayback MachineGerman Marine Research Consortium. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
^Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR) Fisa, 21 July 2011.
^Kiel Aquarium in the Institute of Marine Science 2011-01-17 at the Wayback MachineOstee-Radweg. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
^Core Repositories 2012-03-28 at the Wayback MachineDeutsches Forschungsbohrkonsortium. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
^Organizational Structure of the Institute IFM-GEOMAR web site.Retrieved 20 July 2011.
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The GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GEOMAR former Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences German Leibniz Institut fur Meereswissenschaften IFM GEOMAR is a research institute in Kiel Germany It was formed in 2004 by merging the Institute for Marine Science Institut fur Meereskunde Kiel IFM with the Research Center for Marine Geosciences GEOMAR and is co funded by both federal and provincial governments 4 It was a member of the Leibniz Association till 2012 and is coordinator of the FishBase Consortium 2 Since 2012 it is member of the Helmholtz Association and named GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel The institute operates worldwide in all ocean basins 4 specialising in climate dynamics marine ecology and biogeochemistry and ocean floor dynamics and circulation 5 GEOMAR offers degree courses in affiliation with the University of Kiel 3 and operates the Kiel Aquarium 6 and the Lithothek a repository for split sediment core samples 7 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielAbbreviationGEOMARFormation2012TypeNonprofit research organizationPurposeMarine researchHeadquartersKiel GermanyRegion servedWorldwideMembershipHelmholtz AssociationDeutsches Forschungsbohrkonsortium 1 FishBase Consortium 2 AffiliationsUniversity of Kiel 3 Budget 72 million 4 Staffabout 950 scientists plus supporting staff Websitehttp www geomar de en GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum fur Ozeanforschung Kiel Ostufer Contents 1 Research divisions 2 Research fleet 3 Notes 4 External linksResearch divisions EditGEOMAR is structured into four research divisions 8 Ocean circulation and climate dynamics This division led by Katja Matthes and Mojib Latif 9 investigates climate from different time perspectives with computer simulations and ocean current models that include meteorological geological and oceanographic considerations Current ocean measurements are made from research vessels at sea and include the use of remote sensing 10 Marine biogeochemistry Work in this division looks at the way the components of the marine biogeochemical processes interact with each other These components include the material in the atmosphere the sediment and oceanic reservoirs and the biological organisms including humans Particular attention is paid to the atmosphere ocean interface and the sediment ocean interface as well as to elements and compounds which can cycle and cause radiative forcing Research ranges from the atmosphere over the ocean through the ocean surface layer into the water column and then down to the marine sediments and the oceanic crust Field work is also undertakes as well as laboratory and mesocosm studies The division also develops biological chemical and isotope diagnostic tools for measuring proxy variables 11 Marine ecology This division led by Ulrich Sommer aims to understand the sensitivity of marine ecosystems to anthropogenic and natural changes with a mid term focus on climate change and overexploitation of marine bio resources It is important to understand how much stress a given ecosystem can absorb before structural shifts occur When a shift does occur it is necessary to understand how this will impact the ecosystem populations and the degree to which the shift can be reversed Structural shifts can result in invasions by harmful organisms species collapse and a radical reconfiguring of the biogeochemical cycles Traditional approaches group species broadly into size classes and trophic levels measured by productivity or biomass But to understand how ecosystems react to natural and anthropogenic stressors specific differences in the way individual species react must also be understood particularly where keystone species are involved Research within this division range from genes to ecosystems including the ecophysiology of key species and its genetic basis dynamics and genetics of individual populations and of communities interactions within and among species structure and response of entire food webs 12 Dynamics of the ocean floor Research is focused on processes that shape the oceanic lithosphere and the impact of these processes on the environment e g climate and natural hazards These research themes are pursued in the three main geotectonic settings divergent and convergent margins and in intraplate regions These three settings represent critical stages in the life cycle of the ocean floor The ocean basins are created by the rifting apart of continents Oceanic lithosphere then forms at mid ocean ridges It is subsequently modified by low and high temperature interactions with the overlying oceans the addition of intraplate magmas the deposition of marine sediments and tectonic processes occurring at or near transform and convergent plate margins When it subducts at convergent margins the dehydration of the plate induces arc volcanism that creates and modifies the continental crust and transfers climate relevant volatiles into the atmosphere Such continental margins are sites of sediment accumulation fluid exchange important resources and major geo hazards 13 Research fleet EditGEOMAR operates two open ocean research vessels the 36 year old RV Poseidon 1050 GT 14 and the 20 year old RV Alkor 1000 GT 15 In 2009 both vessels were refurbished and modernised 16 It also operates the research cutter RC Littorina 168 GT 17 and the research boat RB Polarfuchs 16 GT 18 In addition it operates JAGO a three ton research submersible the only manned research submersible in Germany 4 19 20 capable of diving to 400 metres 21 as well as a remotely operated underwater vehicle ROV KIEL 6000 capable of diving to 6 000 metres 22 an autonomous underwater vehicle AUV ABYSS 23 and a video controlled hydraulic grab TV Grab 24 At the end of 2010 the institute took possession of ROV PHOCA a new 1 5 ton ROV with an operational working depth of 3000 metres 25 Research vessel RV Alkor 1000 GT Research cutter RC Littorina 168 GT Research boat RB Polarfuchs 16 GT JAGO a 3 ton manned research submersibleNotes Edit Consortium members Archived 2012 03 28 at the Wayback Machine Deutsches Forschungsbohrkonsortium Retrieved 29 July 2011 a b Palomares MLD and Bailly N 2011 Organising and disseminating marine biodiversity information the FishBase and SeaLifeBase story In Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean eds Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries A Global Perspective Cambridge University Press page 30 ISBN 978 0 521 13022 6 a b Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences IFM GEOMAR University affiliated University of Kiel Retrieved 29 July 2011 a b c d Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences IFM GEOMAR Archived 2012 03 27 at the Wayback Machine German Marine Research Consortium Retrieved 28 July 2011 Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences IFM GEOMAR Fisa 21 July 2011 Kiel Aquarium in the Institute of Marine Science Archived 2011 01 17 at the Wayback Machine Ostee Radweg Retrieved 29 July 2011 Core Repositories Archived 2012 03 28 at the Wayback Machine Deutsches Forschungsbohrkonsortium Retrieved 29 July 2011 Organizational Structure of the Institute IFM GEOMAR web site Retrieved 20 July 2011 GEOMAR Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics Research Division 1 Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics IFM GEOMAR Updated 5 August 2010 Retrieved 24 July 2011 Research Division 2 Marine biogeochemistry IFM GEOMAR Updated 2 November 2010 Retrieved 24 July 2011 Research Division 3 Marine Ecology IFM GEOMAR Updated 27 November 2009 Retrieved 24 July 2011 Research Division 4 Dynamics of the ocean floor IFM GEOMAR Updated 16 September 2010 Retrieved 24 July 2011 RV Poseidon Ocean Facilities Exchange Group Retrieved 29 July 2011 RV Alkor Ocean Facilities Exchange Group Retrieved 29 July 2011 Modernisation of the IFM GEOMAR research fleet Research in Germany Retrieved 29 July 2011 RC Littirina IFM GEOMAR web site Retrieved 20 July 2011 RB Polarfuchs IFM GEOMAR web site Retrieved 20 July 2011 Europe s Big 3 Labs Sign New Oceanography Cooperation Pact Marine Science Today 3 January 2009 List of research submersibles by country Marine Technology Society Retrieved 30 July 2011 Kohnen William 2005 Manned Research Submersibles State of Technology 2004 2005 Marine Technology Society Journal 39 3 124 Schilling Robotics Kiel 6000 ROV approved by GL Offshore Shipping Online 9 January 2008 AUV Abyss IFM GEOMAR web site Retrieved 20 July 2011 V Grab IFM GEOMAR web site Retrieved 20 July 2011 New Remotely Operated Vehicle for IFM GEOMAR Research in Germany 17 January 2011 External links EditGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Home page Organizational Structure GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel OceanRep Open access digital repository of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel researchCoordinates 54 19 38 N 10 10 51 E 54 32722 N 10 18083 E 54 32722 10 18083 Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel amp oldid 1101129549, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
