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Gürdal Duyar

May 06, 2023

"Gürdal" redirects here. For other people named Gürdal or Gurdal, see Gürdal (disambiguation).

Gürdal Duyar (20 August 1935 – 18 April 2004) was a Turkish sculptor who is known for his monuments to Atatürk and his busts of famous people. His art is characterized as a modern expressionist style that is balanced with abstraction. He is considered one of the pioneers of modern figurative sculpture in Turkey. Duyar was also a painter and is noted for his sketches but his best-known works are the public sculptures that are placed in Istanbul's parks and public squares.

Gürdal Duyar
Born20 August 1935
Nişantaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
Died18 April 2004(2004-04-18) (aged 68)
Nişantaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
Resting placeZincirlikuyu Cemetery
EducationRudolf Belling, Ali Hadi Bara
Alma materState Academy of Fine Arts
OrganizationTurkish High Sculptors Society
Known forSculpture, painting, sketching
Works
MovementRepublic Era Turkish Sculpture (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Dönemi Heykel Sanatı)
FamilyNeşe Aybey (sister)
Signature

Duyar was a student of Rudolf Belling and Ali Hadi Bara at the State Academy of Fine Arts in Istanbul, after graduating from which he spent some time abroad. At the start of his career as a freelance artist, Duyar worked on sculpture, especially busts, in Belgium, France and Switzerland. He later returned to Turkey, where he became known for his Atatürk monuments, including his Uşak Atatürk Monument (1965). He made several more Atatürk monuments in Turkey and held the first exhibition of his work in 1968.

Late in his career, many of Duyar's sculptures were damaged, removed or lost; these include the controversial 1974 removal of Güzel İstanbul. Duyar was a member of the joined the Turkish High Sculptors Society and was commissioned for several works; these include the Borazan İsmail Monument (1972), Kayseri Atatürk Monument (1974) and Âşık Seyrani Monument (1976). Duyar exhibited his sculptures and paintings, both individually and alongside other artists. His later major sculptures are Şairler Sofası (1998), Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument (2000) and Necati Cumalı (2002), and many of his busts that can be found in Sanatçılar Park. Duyar died in 2004 in Istanbul at age 69.

Early life and work

 
The sculpture Kadın Başı, exhibited in the İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum.

Gürdal Duyar was born on 20 August 1935 in Istanbul; he was the youngest child of Fikri Duyar and Nezahat Duyar (née Erişkin). His older siblings were Erdal Duyar (1927-1975) and Neşe Aybey (1930-2015).[1][2][3] His sister Neşe became a well-known miniature artist who graduated from and later taught at the State Academy of Fine Arts.[4]

Duyar attended the İstanbul Haydarpaşa School. After finishing middle school in 1951, he took high-school-level classes at the sculpture faculty of the State Academy of Fine Arts,[5] which was possible due to a special government regulation.[6] At the academy, which in now Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, he was a student of German sculptor Rudolf Belling.[6][7] In 1952, Duyar entered the high-sculpture division of the academy and studied in the atelier of Ali Hadi Bara.[6][8][9] At the academy he also learned from Zühtü Müridoğlu, and İlhan Koman.[10] When Duyar was 17, one of his sculptures was exhibited in the Painting and Sculpture Museum at Dolmabahçe Palace and at 19, he had a work exhibited in the State Painting and Sculpture Museum.[7][11] He graduated from the academy in 1959 and became a freelance artist.[6][10]

After finishing his studies at the academy, Duyar worked in Belgium, France and Switzerland for some time, sculpting busts and studying architecture.[10][12][13] During this time abroad he developed his stonework skills while working with the sculptor León Perrin, a close friend of Le Corbisier.[10][13][14] One of his works was erected on Paris' Place de la Concorde.[15][16] One of his early major busts was a 1.5-metre (4.9 ft)-tall bust of Atatürk that was commissioned by the Düzce municipality in 1962.[note 1] His early plaster busts Portrait of Bilge (Turkish: Bilge’nin portresi) and Head of a Woman (Turkish: Kadın Başı) were also exhibited at İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum.[18][19]

Career breakthrough (1963–1973)

 
The Uşak Atatürk Monument (1965) in its original location c. 1990. The sculpture has since been moved.

Duyar returned to Istanbul around 1963.[13][note 2] At that time, a campaign by the newspaper Milliyet was raising money to erect monuments to Atatürk in some provinces of Turkey. Duyar was the youngest participant in the competition to select the sculptors of these monuments.[10][21] He was one of eight winners and was allocated to Uşak province.[22] Duyar's design was an 7.5-metre (25 ft)-tall sculpture depicting a caped Ataturk with his left hand raised and right hand in motion.[23][24]

Duyar's Atatürk monument was different from typical Atatürk monuments of the time, which were in a more-established academic style.[25][26] The sculpture was erected on 10 November 1965 in the same park that also contains Duyar's Monument to the Unknown Soldier (1964).[18][27][28] The Uşak Atatürk Monument was Duyar's first major commission.[18][29] During the next decade, he was commissioned to create many similar monuments around Turkey.[note 3] becoming well-known as a sculptor of Atatürk.[32]

Duyar's first personal exhibition was at the Taksim Art Gallery in 1968 and his second was held in 1970.[42][43] He also participated in group exhibitions, including those organised by the Turkish High Sculptors Society, of which he was a member.[32]

  •  

    Monument to the Unknown Soldier (1964).

  •  

    The Burhaniye Atatürk Monument (1967) before it was removed.

  •  

    The Ataturk and Mining Monument (1971) in the garden of the MTA in Ankara.

  •  

    The İskenderun Ataturk Monument (1972).

Mid-career (1973–1987)

 
Güzel İstanbul (1974) on Karaköy Square in 1974, prior to its removal.

As the 50th anniversary of the Turkish Republic neared, celebrations were planned. Duyar, by this time an established sculptor and well-known in Istanbul, was chosen as one of several sculptors to make works for the occasion.[44] Duyar proposed a sculpture named Güzel İstanbul that would personify Istanbul as a nude woman[45] whose arms would be bound by a chain, representing the defensive chain constructed by the Byzantines to close off the Golden Horn from the Ottoman fleet.[46] The woman would be depicted breaking the chain, representing both the Ottoman takeover of Istanbul from Byzantine rule and the emancipation of women. The organising committee accepted the proposal and the sculpture was erected in 1974 in a public square in Karaköy.[47]

The sculpture became the subject of heated debate due to its nudity, leading to its removal after nine days at the behest of a conservative faction of the national coalition government.[47] According to Seyhun Topuz, this affair almost brought an end to the coalition.[48] Güzel İstanbul was eventually moved to Yıldız Park where it is placed with its back towards the park and its face towards a wall in a damaged state.[49][50][51] The Association of Turkish Sculptors organized a nude-centric exhibition as a protest against the removal of Güzel İstanbul.[52][53]

 
The Mounted Atatürk Monument (1974) in its original location on Republic Square in Kayseri.

Around 1972, Duyar made a monument for the town Burhaniye to memorialise Borazan İsmail, a Çanakkale and Independence War fighter who had recently died.[note 4] A sculpture named Süvari Atatürk Anıtı (Mounted Atatürk Monument) was erected on Kayseri's Republic Square in 1974.[56][57][58][59] It was covered in a tarp for years and was later moved to the Kültürpark.[60] In 1976, Kayseri municipality commissioned Duyar to place a modern Atatürk sculpture next to the old Atatürk sculpture of the city.[61] The sculpture depicted the War of Independence and incorporated a depiction of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk wearing a kalpak. Despite being appreciated at the time of its completion, it was found split in two, and was left in that state.[54][note 5] The same year, the mayor of Develi Mehmet Özdemir commissioned Duyar to make a sculpture of the Develi-born Turkish folk poet Âşık Seyrani. This sculpture was erected on 30 April 1976 in a park in front of Çarşı Mosque and became a symbol of Develi district.[63][64][note 6]

Throughout the 1970s, some of Duyar's sculptures were moved or hidden following the removals of Güzel İstanbul and the War of Independence Monument in Kayseri, such as the sculpture of Tamburi Cemil Bey in Emirgan Park, which was removed at the behest of a manager;[note 7] and the sculpture of Borazan İsmail in Burhaniye, which was removed at the behest of the mayor.[54] Some of his earlier Atatürk monuments were also removed, such as his 1967 Burhaniye monument.[33]

Duyar was involved in a 1980 design interventions for the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara as a jury member involved in the evaluation of the submitted proposals.[note 8]

Duyar continued to sculpt busts, such as one of theatrical actor Bedia Muvahhit; she had portraits painted before but had rejected offers to be depicted in sculpture. She accepted an offer by Duyar in 1980 and posed at Duyar's workshop in three-hour-long sessions.[66] Muvahhit was also later gifted a sculpture Duyar was commissioned to make.[note 9] Duyar also sculpted a bust of short-story writer Sait Faik Abasıyanık, which now stands in front of Abasıyanık's former house in Burgazada that is now a museum. [3][35][68] Duyar's other busts include one of Franz Schubert that has decorates the concert hall of the White Villa at Emirgan Park since 1983,[69] and a bust of İdil Biret.[70]

In 1984, Kemal Özkan, a renowned circumcision doctor, commissioned Duyar to make a sculpture for the garden of a building in Levent, which was inaugurated on 18 September that year.[71] In 1985, Duyar held an exhibition, displaying almost 30 years of his work including six drawings, 16 busts, 30 figures and 60 previously unseen oil paintings. Over the next few years, he held several other exhibitions and participated in group exhibitions.[9]

Later career (1987–2004) and death

In the late 1980s, Duyar discovered Emel Say, who was not yet an established artist. She had finished a painting of Maui by her mother Zehra Say, a famous painter who had been unable to finish the work due to Alzheimer's disease. When Duyar saw the painting at an exhibition at Çiçek Bar, he asked who had altered it. Say replied she had retouched it a little but Duyar replied; "it seems that you have been a painter all along". Duyar had a significant influence on Say's career, and hers and Duyar's works were exhibited together at the inaugural exhibition of Asmalımescit Art Gallery in 1995.[72][73]

In 1995, Duyar's bronze sculptural relief of the poet Gunnar Ekelöf was placed in the garden of the Swedish Research Institute in the grounds of the Swedish Consulate General in Istanbul.[74][75][76][note 10] Duyar initially did not want to make the sculpture but after visiting an atelier by invitation of the architect Erkan Güngören, he accepted the commission. The sculpture was originally located in the Çiçek Bar and was moved to the Swedish Consulate General.[78][79] In 1997, on the 111th Anniversary of the Fevziye Mektepleri, an Atatürk monument by Duyar was inaugurated in the Nişantaşı Campus of the Özel Işık Lisesi school.[80]

In 1998 Duyar sculpted Şairler Sofası for the Hall of Poets park within Vişnezade, which was opened that year. The sculpture depicts the poets Behçet Necatigil, Sabahattin Kudret Aksal, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Oktay Rıfat, Orhan Veli, Neyzen Tevfik and Nigâr Hanım together.[81][note 11]

In 2000, Şişli municipality commissioned Duyar to create a monument to the editor-in-chief of Milliyet Abdi İpekçi to be erected where the journalist was killed 20 years earlier. Duyar's 3.5-metre (11 ft)-tall Abdi İpekçi Peace Monument, a bronze sculpture on a 70-centimetre (28 in) granite base.[83] It depicts two students—one male and one female—holding a bust of İpekçi, and above it, a dove on the top of an arch symbolizing peace. The municipality erected the monument on 1 February 2000 in Nişantaşı on what is now called Abdi İpekçi Avenue.[3][84]

In 2001, Beşiktaş municipality commissioned Duyar for a sculpture to memorialize writer Necati Cumalı shortly after his death. The sculpture, which was sponsored by Türkiye İş Bankası, was to be placed in Şairler Sofası park.[85] Duyar created a bronze sculpture of Cumalı, which was inaugurated in a ceremony in 2002 on the 81st anniversary of Cumalıs birth.[85][86][87] Cumalı's wife Berrin expressed her appreciation of the sculpture, stating Cumalı was "born again today".[85] Akatlar İstanbul Artists Park was opened on 13 June 2003, and incorporates many of Duyar's sculptures, including busts of artists Kemal Sunal, Barış Manço, Sadri Alışık, Bedia Muvahhit and Kuzgun Acar.[3][35][88]

On 18 April 2004, after a month of treatment at the American Hospital in Istanbul, Duyar died due to lung cancer.[35][89] The sculptors association organized a memorial ceremony for him in the morning at Vişnezade poets park in Beşiktaş.[12] Then after the noon prayer at Teşvikiye Mosque, he was laid to rest at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery.[35][62]

Style and position in sculpture history

Duyar is a primary example of the Turkish school of sculpture, which was formed under the influence of Zühtü Müridoğlu and Ali Hadi Bara. This school saw the rise of abstractionism, and the use of non-classical tools and methods of sculpture.[90][91] Duyar and his classmates, including Kuzgun Acar, Ali Teoman Germaner, Füsun Onur and Tamer Başoğlu, increased the dynamism of sculpture in Turkey and expanded its role in the art world.[92] They are known as the pioneers of abstract sculpture in Turkey.[93]

Duyar was well-known for his monumental sculptures of Atatürk, busts and other sculpted portraits. He experimented with new techniques and sought to use the natural flow of his materials. His monuments were considered contemporary in style, in contrast with the more-widespread traditional monuments in Turkey.[94] Duyar was talented in figurative sculpture, and his strong artistic ability was apparent in his drawing skills and was honed in his busts.[95] According to critic Nebil Özgentürk Duyar "thinks with his hands and portrays his thoughts in with clay".[96] According to fellow sculptor Hüseyin Gezer, Duyar was especially successful with busts. The character of the subject would be convincingly and expressively realized, and the busts would remain within the fluid boundaries of fine art.[6][97] Duyar's ability to capture the character of his subjects and the balance in his compositions was noted by critics, some of whom described his work as expressionist.[7][42][98][99] For figurative sculpture and busts, Duyar was lauded as one Turkey's top artists.[97]

Drawing

Duyar's drawings have been treated as secondary to his sculpture but his talent was noted during his lifetime.[95] Duyar sketched a lot, often late at night, and would leave the sketch behind.[100] At Refik restaurant, which was frequented by poet Özdemir Asaf, Duyar sketched Asaf and left the drawing behind. The work was later used as the cover of Asafs book Ça.[101][note 12] The cover of the book Şiirin Lüzumu Yok! by M. Yılmaz Öner[note 13] and the cover of the 1984 Yalçın Küçük book were also sketched by Duyar.[102][103]

Legacy

Duyar's legacy is strongest in Istanbul, where many of his sculptures continue to stand, and discourse continues around those of his works that were removed or damaged.[54] The removal of the Güzel İstanbul sculpture remains controversial.[104][105] Duyar influenced a generation of pioneering Turkish sculptors; he and his contemporaries introduced abstract and modernist concepts to the classical Turkish sculptural tradition.[90][92][93] Duyar's influence was especially strong in monumental sculpture.[94][97]

Notes

  1. ^ At the time, it was the largest bust of Atatürk in Turkey.[14][17]
  2. ^ The poet Cemal Süreya mentions that works of Duyar from the 1960s can also be found in the house of Nahit Hanım.[20]
  3. ^ These monuments include:
  4. ^ Burhaniye was saved from destruction by the efforts of Borazan İsmail during the Turkish Independence War. The sculpture was removed around 1992 by the mayor at the time.[54][55]
  5. ^ Other sources state that it was removed in the mid-90s on the grounds that it was being damaged,[61] or that it was removed in 1992 by civil authorities.[62]
  6. ^ It stands 2.40 metres (7.9 ft) high, weighs 3,000 kilograms (6,600 lb), and cost 55,000 lira.[64] During the renovations of the mosque and the park, the sculpture was moved to the old market square of Develi.
  7. ^ Several years prior to 1995, Duyar had made a sculpture of the composer Tanburi Cemil Bey, which should have been located at the White Villa in Emirgan Park. It was missing on his visit to the park around November 1995.[55] It had been removed at the behest of a manager.[54]
  8. ^ Duyar was the only jury member from the field of sculpture. He was joined by the Architects Doğan Kuban, Ziya Payzın, Nezih Eldem, Sadun Ersin, and Interior Architect Orhan Akyürek; as well as calligrapher Emin Barın, painter Devrim Erbil and ceramicist Sadi Diren.[65]
  9. ^ Duyar was also chosen by Tüm Tiyatro Sanatçıları Birliği, a union of all Turkish theater actors, to sculpt a gift to the older generation of actors in appreciation of their efforts over the years. The sculpture was to be presented by the younger generation of theater actors at Istanbul Sanat Merkezi (Istanbul Arts Center).[67]
  10. ^ In conjucntion with Duyar's work, a selection of Ekelöf's poems were translated into Turkish from French by Hüseyin Baş and published as Emgion Prensi İçin Divan in 2003.[77]
  11. ^ As of the day of the inauguration of the park, Duyars main sculpture was accompanied by those created by Yunus Tonkuş, and Namık Denizhan. The design for the park was done by Architect Erhan Işözen.[82]
  12. ^ Özdemir Asaf (30 January 1993). Ça (in Turkish) (1st ed.). Adam Yayıncılık. ISBN 9789754181999.
  13. ^ M. Yılmaz Öner (2003). Şiirin Lüzumu Yok ! (in Turkish) (1st ed.). Belge Yayıları. ISBN 9789753442886.

References

Citations

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  2. ^ Duyar 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Durbaş 2004.
  4. ^ Hürriyet 2015.
  5. ^ a b EdebiyatSanat 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d e Berk & Gezer 1973, p. 196.
  7. ^ a b c Kuzucular 2012.
  8. ^ Elibal 1973, pp. 295, 377.
  9. ^ a b Köksal 1985, p. 8.
  10. ^ a b c d e Elibal 1973, p. 295.
  11. ^ Taktak 1985, p. 5.
  12. ^ a b Evrensel 2004.
  13. ^ a b c KimKimdir.com 2016.
  14. ^ a b Sezer 2004.
  15. ^ Şenol 1974, p. 1.
  16. ^ Hayat 1974, p. 3.
  17. ^ Aliyev 2016, p. 353.
  18. ^ a b c d Akay 1984, pp. 1869–1870.
  19. ^ Berk & Gezer 1973, p. 199.
  20. ^ Karataş 2020, p. 40.
  21. ^ Alsaç & Alsaç 1993, p. 72.
  22. ^ Elibal 1973, p. 293.
  23. ^ Dinçol et al. 1982, p. 1147.
  24. ^ Berk & Gezer 1973, p. 197.
  25. ^ Okumuş 2021, p. 154.
  26. ^ a b Atatürk Anıtları 2017.
  27. ^ Elibal 1973, pp. 290, 293, 380.
  28. ^ Berk & Gezer 1973, pp. 16, 277.
  29. ^ Elibal 1973, p. 298.
  30. ^ Elibal 1973, pp. 380, 383.
  31. ^ Berk & Gezer 1973, p. 278.
  32. ^ a b c d e Elibal 1973, p. 299.
  33. ^ a b Arslan.
  34. ^ Elibal 1973, pp. 380, 383, 299.
  35. ^ a b c d e f Hürriyet 2004.
  36. ^ Gurur 2014.
  37. ^ Aliyev 2016, p. 354.
  38. ^ Berk & Gezer 1973, pp. 200, 280.
  39. ^ Filozof.net Encyclopedia 2017.
  40. ^ Berk & Gezer 1973, p. 198.
  41. ^ Elibal 1973, pp. 293, 382, 299.
  42. ^ a b Akyunak 1968, p. 25.
  43. ^ Elibal 1973, pp. 299, 381.
  44. ^ Yaman 2011, p. 68.
  45. ^ Güngören 2018, p. 542.
  46. ^ Hürriyet 2008.
  47. ^ a b Antmen 2009, pp. 369–372.
  48. ^ Antmen 2009, p. 374.
  49. ^ Kemal 1988.
  50. ^ Sönmez 2013.
  51. ^ Antmen 2009, p. 367.
  52. ^ Üstünipek 2019.
  53. ^ Pınarbaş 2021, p. 1829.
  54. ^ a b c d e Özgentürk 2004.
  55. ^ a b Özgentürk 1995.
  56. ^ Okumuş 2021, p. 329.
  57. ^ Karatepe 2021, p. 144.
  58. ^ Taştan et al. 2015, p. 152.
  59. ^ Yalçın 2012, pp. 73–74.
  60. ^ Dayıoğlu 2020, p. 124.
  61. ^ a b Dayıoğlu 2020, pp. 113–114.
  62. ^ a b Radikal 2004.
  63. ^ Yiğit.
  64. ^ a b Aydoğdu 2011, p. 1516.
  65. ^ Demirkol 2014, p. 81.
  66. ^ Milliyet 1980, p. 16.
  67. ^ Oral.
  68. ^ Toygar 2022.
  69. ^ Cumhuriyet 1983, p. 5.
  70. ^ Hızlan 2022b.
  71. ^ Hızlan 2022a.
  72. ^ Karakartal 2004.
  73. ^ Asmalımescit 2017.
  74. ^ Spring, Schimanski & Aarbakke 2021, p. 161.
  75. ^ Sandell 2016, p. 70.
  76. ^ Ekeloifiana 2022.
  77. ^ Bodin 2014, p. 14.
  78. ^ Cumhuriyet 2005, p. 4.
  79. ^ Kızılkaya 2022.
  80. ^ Mersinoğlu 2022f.
  81. ^ Demir 1998.
  82. ^ Ertem 1998.
  83. ^ Şişli 2021.
  84. ^ Milliyet 2000.
  85. ^ a b c Demir 2002.
  86. ^ Beşiktaş 2016.
  87. ^ Sezer & Özyalçıner 2010.
  88. ^ Mersinoğlu 2022e.
  89. ^ CNN Türk 2022.
  90. ^ a b H62.
  91. ^ Doğan 2004, p. 463.
  92. ^ a b Sülün 2012.
  93. ^ a b Türkçe Bilgi 2010.
  94. ^ a b Eczacıbaşı Encyclopedia of Art 1997, p. 491.
  95. ^ a b Dinçol et al. 1982, p. 1141.
  96. ^ Özgentürk 2005.
  97. ^ a b c Celâl et al. 1997, p. 564.
  98. ^ Hürriyet 2000.
  99. ^ Güngören 2018, p. 543.
  100. ^ Durbaş 2017.
  101. ^ Durbaş 2002.
  102. ^ IDEFIX 2022.
  103. ^ Mersinoğlu 2022g.
  104. ^ Şendul 2021, pp. 73, 118–127.
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  • "Güzel İstanbul'un başına gelenler: Bir dikildi... Bir söküldü..." [What happened to Güzel Istanbul: Erected... Removed...]. Hayat (in Turkish). March 1974. p. 3 – via Salt Research.
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  • Taştan, Abdulvahap; Cihan, Ahmet Kamil; Kılıç, Atabey; Aydoğdu, Betül; Arslan, Celil; Demir, Cenk; Çapraz, Erhan; Erarslan, Fevzi; Bolat, Gokhan; Tekiner, Halil; Bicer, Hamdi (December 2015). "At Meydanı/Pazarı". Kayseri Ansiklopedisi. 70 (in Turkish). Vol. 1. Kayseri: Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality. pp. 152–154. ISBN 978-605-9117-01-2.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
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Academic articles

  • Antmen, Ahu (1 April 2009). "Türk kültüründe beden ve "Güzel İstanbul" olayı" [The body in Turkish culture and the "Beautiful Istanbul" affair]. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences (in Turkish). 8 (30): 366–375. ISSN 1304-0278. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
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  • Bodin, Helena (2014), ""Allt vad vi önskat": På resa i Turkiet i Gunnar Ekelöfs fotspår" ["Everything we wanted": On a trip through Turkey in the footsteps of Gunnar Ekelöf], in Hesse, Kristina J. (ed.), [The Dragoman] (PDF) (in Swedish), Visby: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, pp. 13–18, ISSN 1402-358X, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2018, retrieved 1 September 2017
  • Demirkol, Hatice (2014). "A Reading on Atatürk Monument in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey: From Idealized to Realized". Art-Sanat Dergisi. Istanbul University (1): 73–99. eISSN 2148-3582.
  • Okumuş, Gürkan (2021). Kentsel Arayüz-Heykel Kurgusu: Atatürk Anitlari (PDF) (MSc) (in Turkish). Bursa: Bursa Uludağ University.ORCID 0000-0002-3332-7910
  • Pınarbaş, Yener (30 April 2021). "Kadın Kimliği Ve Toplumsal Sorunlarının Çağdaş Türk Sanatına Yansımaları" [Reflections Of Women's Identity And Their Social Problems On Contemporary Turkish Art]. International Refereed Journal on Social Sciences (in Turkish). 7 (40): 1827–1842. doi:10.31568/atlas.686 (inactive 31 December 2022). eISSN 2619-936X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2022 (link)
  • Sandell, Håkan (2016), "Gunnar Ekelöf och Maria-Magdalena-motivet" [Gunnar Ekelöf and the Mary Magdalene motif], in Heilo, Olof (ed.), Dragomanen [The Dragoman] (in Swedish), Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, pp. 69–78, ISSN 1402-358X, retrieved 10 September 2022
  • Sülün, Ebru Nalan (2012). Türk Heykel Sanatı'nda Yeni Dönem: 1950 ve Sonrası Üzerine [The New Era in Turkish Sculpture: 1950 and later] (Report). Türk Heykel Sanatı Dosyası (6). Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  • Şendul, Zahide (2021). Türkiye'de Kamusal Alanda Soyut Heykel Uygulamalarının Öncüleri Olarak Cumhuriyet'in 50. Yılında İstanbul'da Yapılmış Heykeller [The 50th Anniversary Sculptures in Istanbul as Pioneers of Public Abstract sculpture in Turkey] (PDF) (MSc) (in Turkish). Edirne: Trakya University. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  • Yalçın, Recep (January 2012). Heykelle Şekillenen Kamusal Alan Ve Kayseri Örneği (PDF) (MSc). Kayseri: Erciyes University.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Yaman, Zeynep Yasa (January 2011). ""Siyasi / Estetik Silah" Olarak Kamusal Alanda Anıt Ve Heykel" [Public Monuments and Sculptures as "Political/Aesthetic Statement"] (PDF). METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture (in Turkish). 28 (1): 69–98. doi:10.4305/METU.JFA.2011.1.5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2017.

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  • "Güzel İstanbul/Gürdal Duyar, Müstehcen Diye Kaldırıldı" [Güzel İstanbul/Gürdal Duyar, 'Removed For Being Obscene'] (in Turkish). Hürriyet. 19 December 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  • "Güzel İstanbul Heykeli'ni kimse görmesin diye böyle çevirdiler!" [They changed the Güzel İstanbul sculpture like this so that no one would see it!]. posta.com.tr. Posta. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  • "Heykelin duyarlı kavgacısıydı". Radikal. April 2004 – via Arkitera.
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  • Kızılkaya, Muhsin (13 February 2022). "Türkiye'de heykeli dikilen tek Batılı şair!" [The only Western poet whose statue was erected in Turkey!]. Habertürk. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
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Further reading

May 06, 2023
gürdal, duyar, gürdal, redirects, here, other, people, named, gürdal, gurdal, gürdal, disambiguation, august, 1935, april, 2004, turkish, sculptor, known, monuments, atatürk, busts, famous, people, characterized, modern, expressionist, style, that, balanced, w. Gurdal redirects here For other people named Gurdal or Gurdal see Gurdal disambiguation Gurdal Duyar 20 August 1935 18 April 2004 was a Turkish sculptor who is known for his monuments to Ataturk and his busts of famous people His art is characterized as a modern expressionist style that is balanced with abstraction He is considered one of the pioneers of modern figurative sculpture in Turkey Duyar was also a painter and is noted for his sketches but his best known works are the public sculptures that are placed in Istanbul s parks and public squares Gurdal DuyarBorn20 August 1935Nisantasi Istanbul TurkeyDied18 April 2004 2004 04 18 aged 68 Nisantasi Istanbul TurkeyResting placeZincirlikuyu CemeteryEducationRudolf Belling Ali Hadi BaraAlma materState Academy of Fine ArtsOrganizationTurkish High Sculptors SocietyKnown forSculpture painting sketchingWorksAbdi Ipekci Monument 2000 Guzel Istanbul 1974 Usak Ataturk Monument 1965 MovementRepublic Era Turkish Sculpture Turkish Cumhuriyet Donemi Heykel Sanati FamilyNese Aybey sister SignatureDuyar was a student of Rudolf Belling and Ali Hadi Bara at the State Academy of Fine Arts in Istanbul after graduating from which he spent some time abroad At the start of his career as a freelance artist Duyar worked on sculpture especially busts in Belgium France and Switzerland He later returned to Turkey where he became known for his Ataturk monuments including his Usak Ataturk Monument 1965 He made several more Ataturk monuments in Turkey and held the first exhibition of his work in 1968 Late in his career many of Duyar s sculptures were damaged removed or lost these include the controversial 1974 removal of Guzel Istanbul Duyar was a member of the joined the Turkish High Sculptors Society and was commissioned for several works these include the Borazan Ismail Monument 1972 Kayseri Ataturk Monument 1974 and Asik Seyrani Monument 1976 Duyar exhibited his sculptures and paintings both individually and alongside other artists His later major sculptures are Sairler Sofasi 1998 Abdi Ipekci Peace Monument 2000 and Necati Cumali 2002 and many of his busts that can be found in Sanatcilar Park Duyar died in 2004 in Istanbul at age 69 Contents 1 Early life and work 2 Career breakthrough 1963 1973 3 Mid career 1973 1987 4 Later career 1987 2004 and death 5 Style and position in sculpture history 5 1 Drawing 5 2 Legacy 6 Notes 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 Bibliography 7 2 1 Print sources 7 2 2 Academic articles 7 2 3 Online sources 7 3 Further readingEarly life and work Edit The sculpture Kadin Basi exhibited in the Istanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum Gurdal Duyar was born on 20 August 1935 in Istanbul he was the youngest child of Fikri Duyar and Nezahat Duyar nee Eriskin His older siblings were Erdal Duyar 1927 1975 and Nese Aybey 1930 2015 1 2 3 His sister Nese became a well known miniature artist who graduated from and later taught at the State Academy of Fine Arts 4 Duyar attended the Istanbul Haydarpasa School After finishing middle school in 1951 he took high school level classes at the sculpture faculty of the State Academy of Fine Arts 5 which was possible due to a special government regulation 6 At the academy which in now Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University he was a student of German sculptor Rudolf Belling 6 7 In 1952 Duyar entered the high sculpture division of the academy and studied in the atelier of Ali Hadi Bara 6 8 9 At the academy he also learned from Zuhtu Muridoglu and Ilhan Koman 10 When Duyar was 17 one of his sculptures was exhibited in the Painting and Sculpture Museum at Dolmabahce Palace and at 19 he had a work exhibited in the State Painting and Sculpture Museum 7 11 He graduated from the academy in 1959 and became a freelance artist 6 10 After finishing his studies at the academy Duyar worked in Belgium France and Switzerland for some time sculpting busts and studying architecture 10 12 13 During this time abroad he developed his stonework skills while working with the sculptor Leon Perrin a close friend of Le Corbisier 10 13 14 One of his works was erected on Paris Place de la Concorde 15 16 One of his early major busts was a 1 5 metre 4 9 ft tall bust of Ataturk that was commissioned by the Duzce municipality in 1962 note 1 His early plaster busts Portrait of Bilge Turkish Bilge nin portresi and Head of a Woman Turkish Kadin Basi were also exhibited at Istanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum 18 19 Career breakthrough 1963 1973 Edit The Usak Ataturk Monument 1965 in its original location c 1990 The sculpture has since been moved Duyar returned to Istanbul around 1963 13 note 2 At that time a campaign by the newspaper Milliyet was raising money to erect monuments to Ataturk in some provinces of Turkey Duyar was the youngest participant in the competition to select the sculptors of these monuments 10 21 He was one of eight winners and was allocated to Usak province 22 Duyar s design was an 7 5 metre 25 ft tall sculpture depicting a caped Ataturk with his left hand raised and right hand in motion 23 24 Duyar s Ataturk monument was different from typical Ataturk monuments of the time which were in a more established academic style 25 26 The sculpture was erected on 10 November 1965 in the same park that also contains Duyar s Monument to the Unknown Soldier 1964 18 27 28 The Usak Ataturk Monument was Duyar s first major commission 18 29 During the next decade he was commissioned to create many similar monuments around Turkey note 3 becoming well known as a sculptor of Ataturk 32 Duyar s first personal exhibition was at the Taksim Art Gallery in 1968 and his second was held in 1970 42 43 He also participated in group exhibitions including those organised by the Turkish High Sculptors Society of which he was a member 32 Monument to the Unknown Soldier 1964 The Burhaniye Ataturk Monument 1967 before it was removed The Ataturk and Mining Monument 1971 in the garden of the MTA in Ankara The Iskenderun Ataturk Monument 1972 Mid career 1973 1987 Edit Guzel Istanbul 1974 on Karakoy Square in 1974 prior to its removal As the 50th anniversary of the Turkish Republic neared celebrations were planned Duyar by this time an established sculptor and well known in Istanbul was chosen as one of several sculptors to make works for the occasion 44 Duyar proposed a sculpture named Guzel Istanbul that would personify Istanbul as a nude woman 45 whose arms would be bound by a chain representing the defensive chain constructed by the Byzantines to close off the Golden Horn from the Ottoman fleet 46 The woman would be depicted breaking the chain representing both the Ottoman takeover of Istanbul from Byzantine rule and the emancipation of women The organising committee accepted the proposal and the sculpture was erected in 1974 in a public square in Karakoy 47 The sculpture became the subject of heated debate due to its nudity leading to its removal after nine days at the behest of a conservative faction of the national coalition government 47 According to Seyhun Topuz this affair almost brought an end to the coalition 48 Guzel Istanbul was eventually moved to Yildiz Park where it is placed with its back towards the park and its face towards a wall in a damaged state 49 50 51 The Association of Turkish Sculptors organized a nude centric exhibition as a protest against the removal of Guzel Istanbul 52 53 The Mounted Ataturk Monument 1974 in its original location on Republic Square in Kayseri Around 1972 Duyar made a monument for the town Burhaniye to memorialise Borazan Ismail a Canakkale and Independence War fighter who had recently died note 4 A sculpture named Suvari Ataturk Aniti Mounted Ataturk Monument was erected on Kayseri s Republic Square in 1974 56 57 58 59 It was covered in a tarp for years and was later moved to the Kulturpark 60 In 1976 Kayseri municipality commissioned Duyar to place a modern Ataturk sculpture next to the old Ataturk sculpture of the city 61 The sculpture depicted the War of Independence and incorporated a depiction of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk wearing a kalpak Despite being appreciated at the time of its completion it was found split in two and was left in that state 54 note 5 The same year the mayor of Develi Mehmet Ozdemir commissioned Duyar to make a sculpture of the Develi born Turkish folk poet Asik Seyrani This sculpture was erected on 30 April 1976 in a park in front of Carsi Mosque and became a symbol of Develi district 63 64 note 6 Throughout the 1970s some of Duyar s sculptures were moved or hidden following the removals of Guzel Istanbul and the War of Independence Monument in Kayseri such as the sculpture of Tamburi Cemil Bey in Emirgan Park which was removed at the behest of a manager note 7 and the sculpture of Borazan Ismail in Burhaniye which was removed at the behest of the mayor 54 Some of his earlier Ataturk monuments were also removed such as his 1967 Burhaniye monument 33 Duyar was involved in a 1980 design interventions for the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara as a jury member involved in the evaluation of the submitted proposals note 8 Duyar continued to sculpt busts such as one of theatrical actor Bedia Muvahhit she had portraits painted before but had rejected offers to be depicted in sculpture She accepted an offer by Duyar in 1980 and posed at Duyar s workshop in three hour long sessions 66 Muvahhit was also later gifted a sculpture Duyar was commissioned to make note 9 Duyar also sculpted a bust of short story writer Sait Faik Abasiyanik which now stands in front of Abasiyanik s former house in Burgazada that is now a museum 3 35 68 Duyar s other busts include one of Franz Schubert that has decorates the concert hall of the White Villa at Emirgan Park since 1983 69 and a bust of Idil Biret 70 In 1984 Kemal Ozkan a renowned circumcision doctor commissioned Duyar to make a sculpture for the garden of a building in Levent which was inaugurated on 18 September that year 71 In 1985 Duyar held an exhibition displaying almost 30 years of his work including six drawings 16 busts 30 figures and 60 previously unseen oil paintings Over the next few years he held several other exhibitions and participated in group exhibitions 9 Later career 1987 2004 and death EditIn the late 1980s Duyar discovered Emel Say who was not yet an established artist She had finished a painting of Maui by her mother Zehra Say a famous painter who had been unable to finish the work due to Alzheimer s disease When Duyar saw the painting at an exhibition at Cicek Bar he asked who had altered it Say replied she had retouched it a little but Duyar replied it seems that you have been a painter all along Duyar had a significant influence on Say s career and hers and Duyar s works were exhibited together at the inaugural exhibition of Asmalimescit Art Gallery in 1995 72 73 In 1995 Duyar s bronze sculptural relief of the poet Gunnar Ekelof was placed in the garden of the Swedish Research Institute in the grounds of the Swedish Consulate General in Istanbul 74 75 76 note 10 Duyar initially did not want to make the sculpture but after visiting an atelier by invitation of the architect Erkan Gungoren he accepted the commission The sculpture was originally located in the Cicek Bar and was moved to the Swedish Consulate General 78 79 In 1997 on the 111th Anniversary of the Fevziye Mektepleri an Ataturk monument by Duyar was inaugurated in the Nisantasi Campus of the Ozel Isik Lisesi school 80 In 1998 Duyar sculpted Sairler Sofasi for the Hall of Poets park within Visnezade which was opened that year The sculpture depicts the poets Behcet Necatigil Sabahattin Kudret Aksal Cahit Sitki Taranci Oktay Rifat Orhan Veli Neyzen Tevfik and Nigar Hanim together 81 note 11 In 2000 Sisli municipality commissioned Duyar to create a monument to the editor in chief of Milliyet Abdi Ipekci to be erected where the journalist was killed 20 years earlier Duyar s 3 5 metre 11 ft tall Abdi Ipekci Peace Monument a bronze sculpture on a 70 centimetre 28 in granite base 83 It depicts two students one male and one female holding a bust of Ipekci and above it a dove on the top of an arch symbolizing peace The municipality erected the monument on 1 February 2000 in Nisantasi on what is now called Abdi Ipekci Avenue 3 84 In 2001 Besiktas municipality commissioned Duyar for a sculpture to memorialize writer Necati Cumali shortly after his death The sculpture which was sponsored by Turkiye Is Bankasi was to be placed in Sairler Sofasi park 85 Duyar created a bronze sculpture of Cumali which was inaugurated in a ceremony in 2002 on the 81st anniversary of Cumalis birth 85 86 87 Cumali s wife Berrin expressed her appreciation of the sculpture stating Cumali was born again today 85 Akatlar Istanbul Artists Park was opened on 13 June 2003 and incorporates many of Duyar s sculptures including busts of artists Kemal Sunal Baris Manco Sadri Alisik Bedia Muvahhit and Kuzgun Acar 3 35 88 Duyar s Sairler Sofasi 1998 in 2022 The Abdi Ipekci Peace Monument 2000 in 2006 Duyar s Necati Cumali sculpture 2002 in 2017 Duyar s bust of Baris Manco in 2019 On 18 April 2004 after a month of treatment at the American Hospital in Istanbul Duyar died due to lung cancer 35 89 The sculptors association organized a memorial ceremony for him in the morning at Visnezade poets park in Besiktas 12 Then after the noon prayer at Tesvikiye Mosque he was laid to rest at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery 35 62 Style and position in sculpture history EditDuyar is a primary example of the Turkish school of sculpture which was formed under the influence of Zuhtu Muridoglu and Ali Hadi Bara This school saw the rise of abstractionism and the use of non classical tools and methods of sculpture 90 91 Duyar and his classmates including Kuzgun Acar Ali Teoman Germaner Fusun Onur and Tamer Basoglu increased the dynamism of sculpture in Turkey and expanded its role in the art world 92 They are known as the pioneers of abstract sculpture in Turkey 93 Duyar was well known for his monumental sculptures of Ataturk busts and other sculpted portraits He experimented with new techniques and sought to use the natural flow of his materials His monuments were considered contemporary in style in contrast with the more widespread traditional monuments in Turkey 94 Duyar was talented in figurative sculpture and his strong artistic ability was apparent in his drawing skills and was honed in his busts 95 According to critic Nebil Ozgenturk Duyar thinks with his hands and portrays his thoughts in with clay 96 According to fellow sculptor Huseyin Gezer Duyar was especially successful with busts The character of the subject would be convincingly and expressively realized and the busts would remain within the fluid boundaries of fine art 6 97 Duyar s ability to capture the character of his subjects and the balance in his compositions was noted by critics some of whom described his work as expressionist 7 42 98 99 For figurative sculpture and busts Duyar was lauded as one Turkey s top artists 97 Drawing Edit Duyar s drawings have been treated as secondary to his sculpture but his talent was noted during his lifetime 95 Duyar sketched a lot often late at night and would leave the sketch behind 100 At Refik restaurant which was frequented by poet Ozdemir Asaf Duyar sketched Asaf and left the drawing behind The work was later used as the cover of Asafs book Ca 101 note 12 The cover of the book Siirin Luzumu Yok by M Yilmaz Oner note 13 and the cover of the 1984 Yalcin Kucuk book were also sketched by Duyar 102 103 Legacy Edit Duyar s legacy is strongest in Istanbul where many of his sculptures continue to stand and discourse continues around those of his works that were removed or damaged 54 The removal of the Guzel Istanbul sculpture remains controversial 104 105 Duyar influenced a generation of pioneering Turkish sculptors he and his contemporaries introduced abstract and modernist concepts to the classical Turkish sculptural tradition 90 92 93 Duyar s influence was especially strong in monumental sculpture 94 97 Notes Edit At the time it was the largest bust of Ataturk in Turkey 14 17 The poet Cemal Sureya mentions that works of Duyar from the 1960s can also be found in the house of Nahit Hanim 20 These monuments include Burhaniye 1967 a bronze Ataturk sculpture for Burhaniye Edremit 30 31 3 which was 3 metres 9 8 ft tall 32 The sculpture was removed with a bulldozer some years after it was made 33 Alasehir 1967 a bronze Ataturk sculpture at Alasehir is 3 m 9 8 ft tall It depicts Ataturk in civilian dress 3 34 Ataturk Mask 1971 was made for Gulhane Hospital in Ankara and is 0 9 m 3 0 ft tall 3 32 35 Ataturk ve Madencilik Aniti 1971 The Ataturk and Mining monument 36 37 stands in the garden of the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration Turkey in Ankara 18 26 38 The 3 50 metre 11 5 ft stone sculpture 32 responds to classic monumental sculpture ideals 5 39 Iskenderun 1972 Ataturk Monument for Iskenderun 3 35 40 is 3 m 9 8 ft tall is made of bronze has a stone base and depicts Ataturk wearing civilian dress 41 Burhaniye was saved from destruction by the efforts of Borazan Ismail during the Turkish Independence War The sculpture was removed around 1992 by the mayor at the time 54 55 Other sources state that it was removed in the mid 90s on the grounds that it was being damaged 61 or that it was removed in 1992 by civil authorities 62 It stands 2 40 metres 7 9 ft high weighs 3 000 kilograms 6 600 lb and cost 55 000 lira 64 During the renovations of the mosque and the park the sculpture was moved to the old market square of Develi Several years prior to 1995 Duyar had made a sculpture of the composer Tanburi Cemil Bey which should have been located at the White Villa in Emirgan Park It was missing on his visit to the park around November 1995 55 It had been removed at the behest of a manager 54 Duyar was the only jury member from the field of sculpture He was joined by the Architects Dogan Kuban Ziya Payzin Nezih Eldem Sadun Ersin and Interior Architect Orhan Akyurek as well as calligrapher Emin Barin painter Devrim Erbil and ceramicist Sadi Diren 65 Duyar was also chosen by Tum Tiyatro Sanatcilari Birligi a union of all Turkish theater actors to sculpt a gift to the older generation of actors in appreciation of their efforts over the years The sculpture was to be presented by the younger generation of theater actors at Istanbul Sanat Merkezi Istanbul Arts Center 67 In conjucntion with Duyar s work a selection of Ekelof s poems were translated into Turkish from French by Huseyin Bas and published as Emgion Prensi Icin Divan in 2003 77 As of the day of the inauguration of the park Duyars main sculpture was accompanied by those created by Yunus Tonkus and Namik Denizhan The design for the park was done by Architect Erhan Isozen 82 Ozdemir Asaf 30 January 1993 Ca in Turkish 1st ed Adam Yayincilik ISBN 9789754181999 M Yilmaz Oner 2003 Siirin 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Sabah Retrieved 14 September 2022 Durbas Refik 21 April 2004 Gurdal Duyar in Vedasi Gurdal Duyar s Farewell in Turkish Sabah Retrieved 21 April 2011 Durbas Refik 26 January 2017 Pera nin marjinal hayaleti Peras Marginal Ghost birgun net in Turkish BirGun Retrieved 18 October 2022 Duyar Gurdal 8 August 2022 Turkiye Yuksek Heykeltraslar Cemiyetinin Hazirladigi Sanatci Guldal Duyar a Ait Bir Belge A Document Belonging to Artist Guldal Duyar Prepared by the High Sculptors Association of Turkey sic Turkiye Yuksek Heykeltraslar Cemiyeti Retrieved 14 September 2022 Dunyayi kucaklamak isteyen adam Ozdemir Asaf The man who wants to embrace the world Ozdemir Asaf in Turkish Dunya 4 October 2015 Retrieved 14 September 2022 Ekeloifiana en selektiv Gunnar Ekelof bibliografi under konstruktion Ekeloifiana a selective Gunnar Ekelof bibliography under construction in Swedish Retrieved 17 October 2022 Erbaristiran Tufan 16 February 2021 Gurdal Duyar 1935 2004 Turkiye ve Sanatta Cinsellik Gurdal Duyar 1935 2004 Sexuality in Turkey and in Art in Turkish Oggito Fine Arts From Turkey marmara edu tr Marmara University Retrieved 13 September 2022 Gurur 30 September 2014 Ankara nin Tarihsel Eserleri Nelerdir What are Ankaras Historical Artifacts nkfu com Retrieved 29 September 2017 Gurdal Duyar Edebiyatsanat com sitesi Erisim tairhi 28 05 2012 Gurdal Duyar Edebiyatsanat com website Acess date 28 05 2012 Archived from the original on 22 April 2009 Retrieved 20 April 2018 Gurdal Duyar in heykeli Gurdal Duyars Sculpture in Turkish Hurriyet 28 January 2000 Retrieved 1 October 2017 Gurdal Duyar icin For Gurdal Duyar evrensel net Evrensel 21 April 2004 Retrieved 27 September 2017 Gurdal Duyar Kimdir Who is Gurdal Duyar kimdirkimdir com 13 March 2016 Archived from the original on 3 September 2018 Retrieved 27 September 2017 Gurdal Duyar Kimdir Hayati Eserleri Hakkinda Bilgi Who is Gurdal Duyar His Life Works Information About Him filozof net Archived from the original on 28 September 2017 Retrieved 27 September 2017 Guzel Istanbul Gurdal Duyar Mustehcen Diye Kaldirildi Guzel Istanbul Gurdal Duyar Removed For Being Obscene in Turkish Hurriyet 19 December 2008 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Guzel Istanbul Heykeli ni kimse gormesin diye boyle cevirdiler They changed the Guzel Istanbul sculpture like this so that no one would see it posta com tr Posta 28 October 2017 Retrieved 13 September 2022 Heykelin duyarli kavgacisiydi Radikal April 2004 via Arkitera Heykeltiras Gurdal Duyar oldu Sculptor Gurdal Duyar has died hurriyet com tr Hurriyet 19 April 2004 Retrieved 1 September 2017 Hizlan Dogan 18 September 2022b Idil Biret i dinleyerek yazdim I wrote this while listening to Idil Biret in Turkish Hurriyet Retrieved 18 September 2022 Hizlan Dogan 9 September 2022a Leyla Erbil ile heykel seruvenimiz My sculpture adventure with Leyla Erbil in Turkish Hurriyet Karakartal Melike 14 December 2004 Yarim kalan ada tablosu tamamlandi The unfinished island painting has been completed in Turkish Hurriyet Retrieved 30 September 2017 Kizilkaya Muhsin 13 February 2022 Turkiye de heykeli dikilen tek Batili sair The only Western poet whose statue was erected in Turkey Haberturk Retrieved 17 October 2022 Kuzucular Sahamettin 2 July 2012 Gurdal Duyar Hayati Sanati Gurdal Duyar his life his art edebiyatvesanatakademisi com Retrieved 1 September 2017 Mersinoglu Mustafa Serpil Akatlar Sanatcilar Parki geni com Retrieved 19 October 2022 Mersinoglu Mustafa Serpil Fevziye Mektepleri 111 Yil Donumu geni com Retrieved 19 October 2022 Mersinoglu Mustafa Serpil Yalcin Kucuk Kitap Kapagi Yalcin Kucuk Book Cover geni com in Turkish Retrieved 19 October 2022 Modern Turk heykeli Modern Turkish Sculpture Turkce Bilgi in Turkish 2 January 2010 Retrieved 1 September 2017 Mustehcen diye surulen heykele simdi de fidan sansuru The sculpture that was expelled as obscene now faces a censorship of saplings BirGun 28 October 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Nese Aybey 5 Ocak Pazartesi Hurriyet Bugunku Vefat Ilani Nese Aybey Monday 5 January Hurriyet Todays Obituary Vefatlarimiz com in Turkish Hurriyet 5 January 2015 Retrieved 8 June 2022 Ozgenturk Nebil 23 April 2005 Bir heykel ustasini anmak Commemorating a master sculptor in Turkish Istanbul Sabah Ozgenturk Nebil 22 May 2004 Heykeltirasin olumu Death of a sculptor in Turkish Istanbul Sabah Retrieved 1 October 2017 Pektas Nazli 13 July 2015 Meydanini dusleyen teras heykelleri Terrace sculptures dreaming of their square in Turkish Cumhuriyet Retrieved 13 September 2022 Rood Suzana Iklim Aylin eds 2016 Turk Sanati nda Kokler ve Temeller Galeri Eksen de LIFE ART SANAT Yasam Kaya Retrieved 9 September 2022 Sezer Sennur 22 April 2004 Gurdal Duyar icin For Gurdal Duyar Evrensel net in Turkish Evrensel Archived from the original on 2 May 2013 Retrieved 25 March 2020 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Sonmez Gokce August 2013 Surgundeki Heykel Guzel Istanbul Saray Sculpture in Exile Guzel Istanbul yildiz teknik blogspot nl in Turkish Archived from the original on 31 August 2017 Retrieved 27 September 2017 Siirin Luzumu Yok IDEFIX in Turkish Retrieved 17 September 2022 Tarihte bugun 18 Nisan Today in History 18 April in Turkish CNN Turk 28 June 2022 Retrieved 30 October 2022 2004 Heykeltiras Gurdal Duyar 69 yasinda vefat etti 2004 The Sculptor Gurdal Duyar passed away at the age of 69 Toygar Baha 2022 Gurdal Duyar Sait Faik Abasiyanik Galaksi Rehber Retrieved 18 October 2022 Turkiye nin en guzel 10 heykeli Turkey s 10 most beautiful sculptures hurriyet com tr Hurriyet Seyahat 19 December 2008 Retrieved 27 September 2017 Turk Sanati nda Kokler ve Temeller sozcu com tr Sozcu 19 January 2016 Ustunipek Mehmet 2019 Sculpture in Istanbul History of Istanbul From Antiquity to the 21st Century Vol 7 ISAM Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Center for Islamic Studies Retrieved 19 October 2022 Yigit Hidayet Asik Seyrani Dernegi ve Kutlama Programlari Asik Seyrani Association and Celebration Events in Turkish Retrieved 17 October 2022 Yilmaz Tuncay 24 February 2011 Yasam ve devami Life and its continuation in Turkish Haber Turk Retrieved 30 September 2017 Yilmaz Ihsan 7 September 2022 Idil Biret bustu nasil bulundu How was the bust of Idil Biret found Hurriyet Retrieved 9 September 2022 Taktak Yusuf Gurdal Duyar Edpa Sanat Galerisi Istanbul 21 February 1985 Invitation card Yusuf Taktak Collection File https archives saltresearch org handle 123456789 39805 Istanbul Salt Research Retrieved 16 October 2022 Further reading Edit Alkan Mehmet O 2017 Altmisli Yillarda Gunluk Hayatin Siyaseti In Bora Tanil ed Turkiye nin 1960 li Yillari Turkiye s 1960s in Turkish 1st ed Iletisim Yayinlari pp 933 986 ISBN 978 975 05 2204 8 Gurdas Bora 2017 Altmisli Yillarda Sanat Ortami In Bora Tanil ed Turkiye nin 1960 li Yillari Turkiye s 1960s in Turkish 1st ed Iletisim Yayinlari pp 1055 1090 ISBN 978 975 05 2204 8 Kutlar Onat February 2016 Camurla Dusunen Adam In Gulluoglu Fahri ed Gundemdeki Sanatci Artist on the Agenda in Turkish 2nd ed Istanbul Yapi Kredi Yayinlari pp 361 366 ISBN 9789753632409 Orer Bige Hoffmann Jens Pedrosa Adriano Madra Beral 2011 Untitled 12th Istanbul Biennial 2011 Remembering Istanbul Isimsiz 12 Istanbul Bienali 2011 Istanbul u Hatirlamak Istanbul Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts ISBN 9789757363965 Gezer Huseyin 1984 Cumhuriyet Donemi Turk Heykeli Republic Era Turkish Sculpture in Turkish Istanbul Is Bankasi Kultur Yayinlari OCLC 220473477 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gurdal Duyar amp oldid 1153409629, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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