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Friedrich Ritter von Röth

Oberleutnant Friedrich Ritter von Röth (29 September 1893 – 31 December 1918) was a German World War I fighter ace with 28 victories. He was the most successful German pilot at the extremely hazardous practice of shooting down enemy observation balloons, and destroyed 20 of them. Röth concentrated on observation balloons because they were large enough targets for him to see and hit with machine gun fire.

Friedrich Ritter von Röth
Nickname(s)Fritz
Born29 September 1893
Nuremberg
Died31 December 1918(1918-12-31) (aged 25)
Allegiance German Empire
Service/branch Imperial German Army
 Luftstreitkräfte
RankOberleutnant
Unit8th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment;
Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie) 296 (Flier Detachment (Artillery) 296);
Jagdstaffel 34 (Fighter Squadron 34);
Jagdstaffel 16 (Fighter Squadron 16);
Jagdstaffel 23 (Fighter Squadron 23)
Commands heldJagdstaffel 16
Battles/warsWorld War I
AwardsPour le Merite
House Order of Hohenzollern
Iron Cross
Military Order of Max Joseph
Military Merit Order(Bavaria)

Distressed by his nation's loss of the war, and by his religious compunctions against killing, he shot himself to death on 31 December 1918.

Early life edit

Friedrich Röth was born in Nurnburg, Germany on 29 September 1893. He was the son of a factory owner. He became known by the nickname of "Fritz". He was just graduating college when World War I broke out.[1]

Early service edit

Friedrich Röth served originally in the 8th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment.[2] He was seriously wounded early in the war. Once he was again fit for duty, he was commissioned as a Leutnant on 29 May 1915. He transferred to the aerial service, only to be severely injured in a crash and spend nearly another year in hospital. Because of his extended recuperation, he did not qualify as a pilot until early 1917. His initial assignment was to a Bavarian artillery spotting unit, Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie) 296.[3] While with them, he was granted the Bavarian Military Merit Order with Swords on 11 June. Beginning 17 September 1917, he served in a fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 34, but did not down any enemies until he was assigned to Jagdstaffel 23 on 4 October. On 1 November, he was awarded the German Iron Cross, First Class.[1]

Balloon busting ace edit

Röth was unsuccessful as a fighter pilot until he decided to concentrate his effort on observation balloons. He was a poor shot who targeted balloons because they were so large.[4] His decision meant he took upon himself one of the most hazardous duties of World War I fighter aviation. Because balloons flew at a known altitude, antiaircraft guns ringing them were extremely accurate. The balloons were low enough that an attacker was exposed to small arms fire as well. Protective fighters also lurked in the vicinity. The balloons were so well defended because they were an important part of the artillery fire direction systems of World War I. Aerial observers in the balloons' gondolas called down accurate artillery fire on enemy soldiers.[5]

On 25 January 1918, as a member of Jagdstaffel 23, Röth scored his first victories, downing three balloons in eight minutes. He shot down a British observation plane on 26 February and downed another pair of balloons on 21 March. On 1 April, he single-handedly shot down four balloons in ten minutes.[1]

Command edit

Röth was assigned to command Jagdstaffel 16 on 8 April 1918, just four days after the previous Staffelführer, Heinrich Geigl, died in a midair collision with a Sopwith Camel.[6] By this time, he had begun scrupulous planning of his raids on balloons, spending hours studying potential target balloons through a telescope. He also loaded his guns to maximize effectiveness against balloons; his left-hand machine gun would be loaded with 80 percent incendiaries and 20 percent armor-piercing, and the right-hand gun vice versa. As his new unit used Pfalz D.IIIa fighters, Röth may have used one occasionally.[7]

 
A typical Albatros D.Va.

At this time, Röth was known to fly an Albatros D.V marked with his personal livery overlaying the standard markings. It bore a white propeller spinner, yellow fuselage, and gray engine cowling, and wheel covers. Painted on the fuselage's side even with the trailing edge of the cockpit was a large disk divided into white and black halves.[8]

On 29 May 1918, Röth attacked the balloons he had been spying upon. Picking a time when there were no enemy fighters in sight and the wind was in his favor, Röth set five balloons afire in 15 minutes without assistance. Five other balloons were rapidly winched to ground to protect them. Röth had expended 220 rounds to burn the balloons, shooting down each in a single pass. He dodged enemy fighters and heavy antiaircraft fire to do it.[7]

 
Cowell was flying a Bristol F2B when downed by Röth.

Röth received a new Fokker D.VII fighter in early August; he used this type airplane for his last 10 aerial victories.[9] He went on to destroy three balloons each on 13 August and 10 October, along with seven enemy airplanes on various dates. On 30 July 1918 he shot down 16-victory Irish ace Sergeant John Cowell's 20 Squadron Bristol F.2b.[10][11]

Röth awarded Germany's highest decoration for valor, the Pour le Mérite, on 8 September 1918.[12] Röth's last victory was on 14 October 1918;[11] he was wounded in the foot during the fight.[1] The cast on Röth's foot kept him out of combat for the duration of the war. On 11 November 1918, he was being piloted by a friend to observe the war's end against orders over the battlefield as the guns fell silent.[13] Röth's final victory list credited him with destroying 20 enemy observation balloons and eight enemy airplanes.[1]

Post-war death edit

On 31 December 1918,[2] Röth shot himself to death. He was reportedly depressed by Germany's defeat and the subsequent ongoing revolution, as well as troubled by his killings during the war.[6]

In 1919, Röth was posthumously awarded the Military Order of Max Joseph. This award knighted him, thus posthumously changing his name to Friedrich Ritter von Röth. The award also entitled him to a lifelong pension.[14]

Inline citations edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918, pp. 192-193
  2. ^ a b Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918, p. 192
  3. ^ Fokker D.VII Aces of World War I Part 2, p. 10
  4. ^ Balloon Busting Aces of World War I, p. 67
  5. ^ Balloon Busting Aces of World War I, pp. 7-9
  6. ^ a b Pfalz Scout Aces of World War I, p. 48
  7. ^ a b Balloon Busting Aces of World War I, pp. 68-69
  8. ^ Albatros Aces of World War I, pp. 72, 95
  9. ^ Balloon Busting Aces of World War I, pp. 72, 95
  10. ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920, p. 122
  11. ^ a b Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918, p. 193
  12. ^ Winkler, Gretchen; K. M. von Tiedemann (1999–2008). . Orden Pour le Merité website. Gretchen Winkler and K. M. von Tiedemann. Archived from the original on 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  13. ^ Fokker D.VII Aces of World War I, p. 11
  14. ^ Balloon Busting Aces of World War I, p. 70

References edit

  • Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918. Norman Franks, Frank W. Bailey, Russell Guest. Grub Street, 1993. ISBN 978-0-948817-73-1.
  • Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920, 1990. Christopher Shores, Norman Franks, Russell Guest. Fortress Publications. ISBN 978-0-91919-511-0
  • Balloon-Busting Aces of World War 1. Jon Guttman, Harry Dempsey. Osprey Publishing, 2005. ISBN 978-1-84176-877-9.
  • Fokker D VII Aces of World War 1: Part 2. Norman Franks, Greg VanWyngarden, Harry Dempsey. Osprey Publishing, 2004. ISBN 978-1-84176-729-1.

friedrich, ritter, röth, oberleutnant, september, 1893, december, 1918, german, world, fighter, with, victories, most, successful, german, pilot, extremely, hazardous, practice, shooting, down, enemy, observation, balloons, destroyed, them, röth, concentrated,. Oberleutnant Friedrich Ritter von Roth 29 September 1893 31 December 1918 was a German World War I fighter ace with 28 victories He was the most successful German pilot at the extremely hazardous practice of shooting down enemy observation balloons and destroyed 20 of them Roth concentrated on observation balloons because they were large enough targets for him to see and hit with machine gun fire Friedrich Ritter von RothNickname s FritzBorn29 September 1893NurembergDied31 December 1918 1918 12 31 aged 25 Allegiance German EmpireService wbr branch Imperial German Army LuftstreitkrafteRankOberleutnantUnit8th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment Flieger Abteilung Artillerie 296 Flier Detachment Artillery 296 Jagdstaffel 34 Fighter Squadron 34 Jagdstaffel 16 Fighter Squadron 16 Jagdstaffel 23 Fighter Squadron 23 Commands heldJagdstaffel 16Battles warsWorld War IAwardsPour le MeriteHouse Order of HohenzollernIron CrossMilitary Order of Max JosephMilitary Merit Order Bavaria Distressed by his nation s loss of the war and by his religious compunctions against killing he shot himself to death on 31 December 1918 Contents 1 Early life 2 Early service 3 Balloon busting ace 4 Command 5 Post war death 6 Inline citations 7 ReferencesEarly life editFriedrich Roth was born in Nurnburg Germany on 29 September 1893 He was the son of a factory owner He became known by the nickname of Fritz He was just graduating college when World War I broke out 1 Early service editFriedrich Roth served originally in the 8th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment 2 He was seriously wounded early in the war Once he was again fit for duty he was commissioned as a Leutnant on 29 May 1915 He transferred to the aerial service only to be severely injured in a crash and spend nearly another year in hospital Because of his extended recuperation he did not qualify as a pilot until early 1917 His initial assignment was to a Bavarian artillery spotting unit Flieger Abteilung Artillerie 296 3 While with them he was granted the Bavarian Military Merit Order with Swords on 11 June Beginning 17 September 1917 he served in a fighter squadron Jagdstaffel 34 but did not down any enemies until he was assigned to Jagdstaffel 23 on 4 October On 1 November he was awarded the German Iron Cross First Class 1 Balloon busting ace editSee also Aerial victory standards of World War I Germany and List of aerial victories of Friedrich Ritter von Roth Roth was unsuccessful as a fighter pilot until he decided to concentrate his effort on observation balloons He was a poor shot who targeted balloons because they were so large 4 His decision meant he took upon himself one of the most hazardous duties of World War I fighter aviation Because balloons flew at a known altitude antiaircraft guns ringing them were extremely accurate The balloons were low enough that an attacker was exposed to small arms fire as well Protective fighters also lurked in the vicinity The balloons were so well defended because they were an important part of the artillery fire direction systems of World War I Aerial observers in the balloons gondolas called down accurate artillery fire on enemy soldiers 5 On 25 January 1918 as a member of Jagdstaffel 23 Roth scored his first victories downing three balloons in eight minutes He shot down a British observation plane on 26 February and downed another pair of balloons on 21 March On 1 April he single handedly shot down four balloons in ten minutes 1 Command editRoth was assigned to command Jagdstaffel 16 on 8 April 1918 just four days after the previous Staffelfuhrer Heinrich Geigl died in a midair collision with a Sopwith Camel 6 By this time he had begun scrupulous planning of his raids on balloons spending hours studying potential target balloons through a telescope He also loaded his guns to maximize effectiveness against balloons his left hand machine gun would be loaded with 80 percent incendiaries and 20 percent armor piercing and the right hand gun vice versa As his new unit used Pfalz D IIIa fighters Roth may have used one occasionally 7 nbsp A typical Albatros D Va At this time Roth was known to fly an Albatros D V marked with his personal livery overlaying the standard markings It bore a white propeller spinner yellow fuselage and gray engine cowling and wheel covers Painted on the fuselage s side even with the trailing edge of the cockpit was a large disk divided into white and black halves 8 On 29 May 1918 Roth attacked the balloons he had been spying upon Picking a time when there were no enemy fighters in sight and the wind was in his favor Roth set five balloons afire in 15 minutes without assistance Five other balloons were rapidly winched to ground to protect them Roth had expended 220 rounds to burn the balloons shooting down each in a single pass He dodged enemy fighters and heavy antiaircraft fire to do it 7 nbsp Cowell was flying a Bristol F2B when downed by Roth Roth received a new Fokker D VII fighter in early August he used this type airplane for his last 10 aerial victories 9 He went on to destroy three balloons each on 13 August and 10 October along with seven enemy airplanes on various dates On 30 July 1918 he shot down 16 victory Irish ace Sergeant John Cowell s 20 Squadron Bristol F 2b 10 11 Roth awarded Germany s highest decoration for valor the Pour le Merite on 8 September 1918 12 Roth s last victory was on 14 October 1918 11 he was wounded in the foot during the fight 1 The cast on Roth s foot kept him out of combat for the duration of the war On 11 November 1918 he was being piloted by a friend to observe the war s end against orders over the battlefield as the guns fell silent 13 Roth s final victory list credited him with destroying 20 enemy observation balloons and eight enemy airplanes 1 Post war death editOn 31 December 1918 2 Roth shot himself to death He was reportedly depressed by Germany s defeat and the subsequent ongoing revolution as well as troubled by his killings during the war 6 In 1919 Roth was posthumously awarded the Military Order of Max Joseph This award knighted him thus posthumously changing his name to Friedrich Ritter von Roth The award also entitled him to a lifelong pension 14 Inline citations edit a b c d e Above the Lines The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 1918 pp 192 193 a b Above the Lines The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 1918 p 192 Fokker D VII Aces of World War I Part 2 p 10 Balloon Busting Aces of World War I p 67 Balloon Busting Aces of World War I pp 7 9 a b Pfalz Scout Aces of World War I p 48 a b Balloon Busting Aces of World War I pp 68 69 Albatros Aces of World War I pp 72 95 Balloon Busting Aces of World War I pp 72 95 Above the Trenches A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 1920 p 122 a b Above the Lines The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 1918 p 193 Winkler Gretchen K M von Tiedemann 1999 2008 Air Pour le Merite Winners Orden Pour le Merite website Gretchen Winkler and K M von Tiedemann Archived from the original on 2015 12 12 Retrieved 2009 01 05 Fokker D VII Aces of World War I p 11 Balloon Busting Aces of World War I p 70References editAbove the Lines The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 1918 Norman Franks Frank W Bailey Russell Guest Grub Street 1993 ISBN 978 0 948817 73 1 Above the Trenches A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915 1920 1990 Christopher Shores Norman Franks Russell Guest Fortress Publications ISBN 978 0 91919 511 0 Albatros Aces of World War 1 Norman Franks Osprey Publishing 2000 ISBN 978 1 85532 960 7 Balloon Busting Aces of World War 1 Jon Guttman Harry Dempsey Osprey Publishing 2005 ISBN 978 1 84176 877 9 Fokker D VII Aces of World War 1 Part 2 Norman Franks Greg VanWyngarden Harry Dempsey Osprey Publishing 2004 ISBN 978 1 84176 729 1 Pfalz Scout Aces of World War 1 Greg VanWyngarden Osprey Publishing 2006 ISBN 978 1 84176 998 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Friedrich Ritter von Roth amp oldid 1211751593, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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