List of World War II vessel types of the United States

This is a List of World War II vessel types of the United States using during World War II. This list includes submarines, battleships, minelayers, oilers, barges, pontoon rafts and other types of water craft, boats and ships. As of 2014^[update] this list is not complete.

Army

Under the Army organization of 1940, the Army Quartermaster was charged with the responsibility of providing the Army with all water transport services except those specifically authorized; for the Corps of Engineers in river and harbor work, for the Coast Artillery Corps in mine planting, and for the Signal Corps in cable laying (the Army had no communication ships at this time). In March 1942, most of the transportation functions of the Army Quartermaster were consolidated into the Transportation Division of the newly created Services of Supply and later that same year, on July 31, the Transportation Corps was established.^[1][2]

Coast Artillery Corps Mine Planter Service

The Army Mine Planter Service was responsible for the minefields of the Coast Artillery Corps' coast defenses. The largest vessels of the service were the U.S. Army Mine Planter (USAMP), which was equipped to install mines and associated control cables. Smaller vessels known as "junior mine planters" or "pup planters", were occasionally employed as mine planters, but they mostly served as freight and passenger boats for river and harbor duty with the Harbor Boat Service.^[3] In addition to the mine planters, there were distribution box boats, used for servicing the mine-cable distribution boxes and rugged utility boats called motor mine yawls.^[4]

Mine ships

Further information on Mine Planters: List of ships of the United States Army

L	Distribution Box Boat
M	Motor Mine Yawl
MP	Mine Planter
JMP	Junior Mine Planter

One example is:

• Wallace F. Randolph (MP-7)^[5] (ex FS-70)

Signal Corps

Cable ships

Further information on Cable laying ships: List of ships of the United States Army

BSP	Barge, self-propelled

One example is:

• USASPB Col. William. A. Glassford (BSP-2098)

Communication ships

Army communications ships in the South West Pacific theater of World War II provided radio relay services and acted as command posts for forward elements ashore.^[6]

CS	Communications ship
CSM	Maintenance ship, a CS ship additionally equipped to perform radio repair
CSN	News ship, was used by civilian journalist
CSQ	Quarters ship, a floating dormitory
PCER	Patrol Craft, Escort, Rescue

Surviving examples include:

• PCER-848^[7][8]
• PS Weeroona (1910) (S-195, CSQ-1)^[9]

Schooners

• Argosy Lemal (S-6)
• Harold (S-58, CS-3)
• Geoanna (IX-61, TP-249, S-382, CS-1)
• Volador (IX-59, TP-248, S-385, CSM-1)

Transportation Corps - Water Division

South West Pacific Area (SWPA) - Services of Supply (USASOS)

Operated in the Southwest Pacific Area.^[10]

Small Ships Section

 

Tassie III (S-77) of the Small Ships Section, United States Army Services of Supply, Southwest Pacific Area (USASOSSWPA) at a hideout at Mubo Salamaua Area, Morobe, New Guinea 1943.

As there was a need for a fleet of shallow-draft vessels that could navigate among coral reefs, use primitive landing places far up the coast of New Guinea, and land along the outlying islands. An "S" fleet under Army control was created using local Australian vessels crewed largely by civilian Australians and New Zealanders. It was a miscellaneous collection of luggers, rusty trawlers, old schooners, launches, ketches, yawls, and yachts.^{[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]}

Water Branch - Army Transport Service (ATS)

The Army Transport Service (ATS), originating with the Quartermaster Corps in 1898 and continuing into Transportation Corps as a division, operated the Army's large ships, most of which were transports, but ATS also manned the Army's large cable ships.

Troop ships

Troop ships included the following.^[19][20][21]

 

USAT Orizaba in port, 1941

 

USS Orizaba (AP-24) underway at se, c. 1944

Surviving examples include:

• USAT Agwileon
• USAT George Washington
• USAT Orizaba

Sunk

• USAT Cynthia Olsen (sunk December 7, 1941)
• USAT Meigs
• USAT Liberty
• USAT General John McE. Hyde

Cargo ships over 1,000 tons

Cargo ships moved freight around the world.^[22][23]

Harbor Branch - Harbor Boat Service (HBS)

FM 55-130 Small Boats and Harbor Craft^[24]

Harbor Vessels

The Harbor Craft Company is organized for the purpose of ferrying to shore cargo from freighters and transports arriving in theaters of operation. The vessels may either be riding offshore at anchor in the open sea or more likely, anchored in a harbor. Cargo from the ships is loaded by Transportation Corps port company personnel onto barges. Then tugs, tow boats, or marine tractors propel the barges to the shore for unloading. Any cargo too heavy for the vessel's gear to lift is handled by a 60-ton floating crane.

• B Barge or Lorcha
• BB Balloon Barge
• BBP Balloon Barrage Leader
• BC Cargo Barge (Med. 110'-130')
• BCS Cargo Barge (Sm. 45' - 60')
• BCL Cargo Barge (Large - 210' or more)
• BD Derrick and Crane Barges
• BDP Pontoon Derrick Barge
• BK Knocked-down barge
• BG Gasoline Barge
• BSP Self-propelled Barge
• BW Water Barge
• BTL Truck Lighter
• C Navy Type Launch (Obsolete designation)
• CL Landing Boat
• D Dory and Dinghie
• G Marine Tractor
• HA Hoisting or Retrieving Vessel
• JR Radio Controlled Boat
• J Launch up to 50'
• MT Motor Towboat (Sm. 26')
• MTL Motor Towboat (Large, over 26')
• OB Outboard Launch - Detachable Motor
• OBM Outboard Motor - Stationary Motor
• Q Launch, more than 60'
• R Rowboat
• TKL Tank Lighter
• V Speed Boat
• Y Tanker - 176'

Cargo ships under 1,000 tons

Coastwise and inter-island cargo ships, sometimes known as coastal freighters.

Small Boat Company

The small boat company provided regular coastal and island service to bases in the Aleutian and Pacific Islands to supply food and equipment transported by small coastal and inter-island vessels and water craft that were under 200 feet or under 1,000 gross tons of the following vessel types.^{[25][26][27][28]}

• Ferry
• Tanker
• Water Boat
• Motor Launch
• Seagoing Tug
• Freight-Passenger Vessel

T	tender lighter towing vessel transport boat	Vessel 65' Wood
TP	tug, passenger	Utility Vessel 96' Wood (Design 333) - Harbor Tug
	trawler tow boat purse seiner sailing schooner	Freight & Passenger Vessel (Small) - under 100' (plus private vessels refitted for wartime service)
F		Cargo Vessel 99' Steel
FT		Vessel 115' Wood
FP		Freight & Passenger Vessel (Large) - over 100' (plus private vessels refitted for wartime service)
FS	small, 99' and under	Freight and Supply Vessel (F, FT & FP were reclassified FS early in World War II)
	medium, 100' to 139'
	large, 140' and over

FS-80 to FS-90 were merchant vessels refitted for wartime operation^[29]

Built during World War II:

• F-76^[30][31]
• FS-64^[32][33]
• FS-206^[34][35]
• FS-240^[36]
• FS-244^[37][38]
• FS-246^[39][40]
• FS-263
• FS-344
• FS-391
• T-57^[41]
• T-89^[42]
• T-147^[43]
• TP-225^[44][45]

QS	Quick Supply Boat: Design 235-C (Boat, Supply, High Speed, Gasoline, Wood, 104'), see P type
ST	Small Tug, under 100'
LT	Large Tug, over 100'

Surviving examples include:

• LT-5 the only surviving Army vessel that participated in the D-Day Normandy landing.
• LT-152^[46]
• LT-638^[47]

Air Corps - Quartermaster Corps (QMC) boat service

Late in 1943 all rescue-boat activities were reassigned to the Army Air Forces.

Unit Designation Chronology

1. Air Corps Marine Rescue Service
2. Quartermaster Boat Company, Avn. (note; Avn=Aviation)
3. AAF Emergency Rescue Boat Squadron (ERBS)

Rescue Boats

Rescue boats included the following.^[48][49]

SG	Swamp Glider
P	Rescue Boat, various sizes (42', 63', 85', 104'). Also referred too as a Crash Boat or Crash Rescue Boat. Design 235 (Boat, Rescue, Gasoline, Wood, 104'), see QS type

Corps of Engineers

Rivers & Harbors Division

Reorganized 6 June 1942 as Construction Division - Engineering and Operations branches.^[50]

towboat	a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger vessels
dredge	a vessel equipped for digging out the bed of a water way
snagboat	a vessel equipped for removing obstructions in a water way

Surviving examples include:

• Sergeant Floyd (towboat)
• William M. Black (dredge)
• Montgomery (snagboat)
• WT Preston

Troops Division

The 1943 Engineer Field Manual described a table of organization and equipment for specialized types of engineering units.^[51] These included:^[52]

• Engineer Units, Combat, with Army Ground Forces
• Engineer Units, Service, with Army Ground Forces
• Engineer Units with Army Air Forces
• Engineer Units with Army Service Forces
• Port Repair Ship
• Port Construction and Repair group
• Engineer Amphibian Brigades

Port & Harbor Rehabilitation

Further information on Engineer Port Repair ships: List of ships of the United States Army

The engineer Engineer Port Repair ship is equipped with repair facilities that include a heavy crane and a machine shop and maintains channels and ship berths by removing sunken ships and other obstructions. It also maintains channel markings and other aids for pilots. It does needed work on docks and wharves in conjunction with engineer port construction and repair groups.

Port Construction and Repair Group

The primary mission of the engineer port construction and repair group is to make ready for use the facilities of ports of debarkation in a theater of operations. and to perform work involved in improvement or expansion of such ports, exclusive of harbors. Its work is performed in conjunction with engineer port repair ship operations offshore.

The construction platoon consists of a divers' section under the supervision of an officer, as master diver. Enlisted personnel consists of marine divers and divers' attendants. This section does underwater work incident to construction of quay walls, wharves, piers, etc.^{[53][54][55][56][57][58]}

Militarized Dredge	3-inch gun turrets (fore and aft), 20-millimeter gun turrets (midship)
Port Repair Ship	workshops, cranes, machine shops, U.S Army divers' complement^[59]

Surviving examples include:

• Junior N. Van Noy, only one of the ten Port Repair Ships that was not a Maritime Commission type N3-M-A1 type conversion.

Near-short units

The Engineer Amphibian Brigade, redesignated in 1943 as Engineer Special Brigade provided personnel and equipment for transporting combat troops from a friendly near shore to a hostile far shore when the distance is not over 100 miles. The brigade resupplies these troops during the early stages of establishing a beachhead. The brigade can transport one division when reinforced by naval LCT boats.

LCM	Landing Craft Mechanized
P	Command Boat (Crash boat 63')

• 2+1/2-ton amphibian trucks,
• command and navigation boats
• tank lighters
• patrol boats
• surf-landing boats

River crossing units

Reconnaissance Boat	small two-man inflatable rubber boat
M-2 Assault Boat	10 man plywood boat that could also be used for infantry support rafts or used in the assembly of an expedient assault boat bridge
Storm Boat	8 man (6+2 crew) hi speed powerboat with a 55 HP Outboard Motor, designed to beach at speed, thus allowing the soldiers on board to "Storm the Shore"
DUKW	A six-wheel-drive amphibious truck
Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT)	amphibious vehicle
Treadway Bridge	steel treadway laid on pneumatic floats
Ponton bridge	heavy ponton (25 ton) and light ponton (10 ton)
ponton-raft

Treadway bridge company

A Treadway bridge company is attached to an armored division in river-crossing operations to provide a bridge for heavy vehicles.^[60] Equipment included a steel-treadway bridge M1, providing a floating bridge about 1,080 feet long, or a steel-treadway bridge M2, providing a floating bridge about 864 feet long.

 

Crossing the Meuse into the Netherlands using a Ponton Bridge

 

An M1938 portable footbridge

Light ponton company

The company is attached to a division in river-crossing operations to provide bridges and rafts. Equipment included two units of M3 pneumatic bridge equipage or two units of M1938 10-ton ponton bridge equipment.

Their stream-crossing equipment included:

One unit of footbridge, M1938

Four ferry set, No. 1, Infantry Support

Twelve raft, set No. 1, Infantry Support

Seventy assault boats, M2

Heavy ponton battalion

The Heavy ponton battalion was attached to a corps in river-crossing operations to provide bridges and rafts capable of supporting heavier loads. Bridges and rafts are constructed of four units of 25-ton heavy ponton equipment, M1940.

• Airborne Engineer Battalion (pneumatic reconnaissance boats)
• Combat Engineer Battalion

• 15 boat, reconnaissance, pneumatic, canvas, 2-man
• 14 boat, assault, M-2, with paddles and canvas bag

Maritime Commission vessels

Vessels operated by the Maritime Commission included Liberty and Victory Ships.

Liberty ship

Surviving examples include:

• SS John W. Brown
• SS Jeremiah O'Brien, the only surviving Merchant Marine ship which was in the D-Day armada.

Victory ship

Surviving examples include:

• SS Kingsport Victory
• SS Simmons Victory (end USS Liberty (AGTR-5))
• SS Lane Victory

Navy

Amphibious warfare type

 

LST disembark M4 Sherman tanks and other vehicles during the invasion of Noemfoor Island, 1944.

WWII British terminology

Amphibious Force Flagship

Landing Ship, Headquarters

Attack Transport

Landing Ship, Infantry

Amphibious warfare vessels include all ships with organic capability for amphibious warfare and which have characteristics enabling long duration operations on the high seas. There are two classifications of craft: amphibious warfare ships which are built to cross oceans, and landing craft, which are designed to take troops from ship to shore in an invasion. Some vessels called "landing ships" did not have the capability to off-load troops and supplies onto beaches; they were just transports or command-and-control vessels. ^{[61][62][63][64]}

Ships

• AGC: Amphibious Force Flagship

• class anewed^{[clarification needed]} (1969) too, LCC—Amphibious Command Ship

• AKA: Attack Cargo Ship
• APA: Attack Transport
• APD: High speed transport
• LSD: Landing Ship, Dock
• LSM: Landing Ship, Medium

• LSMR or LSM(R)—Landing Ship, Medium (Rocket)

• LST: Landing Ship, Tank

• LSTH or LST(H)—Landing Ship, Tank (Hospital)

• LSV: Landing Ship, Vehicle

Landing Craft

• LCC: Landing Craft, Control
• LCFF, LC(FF): Flotilla Flagship
• LCI, LCIL or LCI(L): Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)

• class anewed^{[clarification needed]} (1949) too, LSI—Landing Ship, Infantry
• LCI(G)(M)(R)—Landing Craft, Infantry (Gunboat) (Mortar) (Rocket)

• LCM : Landing Craft, Mechanized
• LCP, LCPL, or LCP(L): Landing Craft, Personnel (Large)
• LCR, LCRS or LCR(S): Landing Craft, Rubber (Small)
• LCR, LCRL or LCR(L): Landing Craft, Rubber (Large)
• LCSS, LCS(S) : Landing Craft, Support (Small), an LCP(L) conversion, fitted with heavy machine guns
• LCS, LCSL or LCS(L): Landing Craft, Support (Large)

• class anewed^{[clarification needed]} (1949) too, LSSL—Landing Ship, Support (Large)

• LCT: Landing Craft, Tank

• class anewed^{[clarification needed]} (1949) too, LSU—Landing Ship, Utility
• class anewed^{[clarification needed]} (1956) too, LCU—Landing Craft, Utility

• LCV: Landing Craft, Vehicle

• LCVP or LCV(P): Landing Craft, Vehicle (Personnel)

• an LCV, fitted with 1/4 inch armor
• LCA—Landing Craft, Assault (British term for LCVP)

Other types

Aircraft Carriers

Fleet Aircraft Carriers CV

Light Aircraft Carriers CVL

Escort Carriers CVE

Battleships

Battleships BB

Cruisers

Large Cruisers CB

Heavy Cruisers CA

Light Cruisers CL

Destroyers

Destroyers DD

Destroyer Escorts DE

Submarines

Submarines SS

Minesweepers

Minelayers & Coastal Minelayers CM

Light Minelayers DM

Auxiliary Minelayers ACM

Minesweepers AM

Coastal Minesweepers AMc

Fast Minesweepers DMS

Motor Minesweepers YMS

Patrol Craft

Gunboats PG

Converted Yachts PG

Frigates PF

River Gunboats PR

Smaller Converted Yachts PY

Coastal Yachts PYc

Escort Patrol Craft PCE

Eagle Boats PE

Patrol Craft, Sweepers PCS

Motor Gunboats PGM

Submarine Chasers

Submarine Chasers (Steel Hull) PC

Submarine Chasers (Wooden Hull) SC

Motor Torpedo Boats

Motor Torpedo Boats PT

Motor Boat Submarine Chasers PTC

Auxiliaries

Crane Ship AB

Advanced Base Section Dock ABSD

Advanced Base Dock ABD

Destroyer Tenders AD

Ammunition Ships AE

Provision Store Ships AF

Auxiliary Floating Dock AFD

Large Auxiliary Floating Dock (non-self-propelled) AFDB

Small Auxiliary Floating Dock (non-self-propelled) AFDL

Medium Auxiliary Floating Dock (non-self-propelled) AFDM

Miscellaneous Auxiliaries AG

Amphibious Force Command Ships AGC

MTB Tenders AGP

Surveying Ships AGS

Hospital Ships

Hospital Ships AH

Cargo Ships

Cargo Ships AK

Attack Cargo Ships AKA

Net Cargo Ships AKN

General Stores Issue Ships AKS

Cargo Ships and Aircraft Ferries AKV

Net-Laying Ships AN Oilers & Tankers

Oilers AO

Gasoline Tankers AOG

Transports

Transports AP

Attack Transports APA

Self-Propelled Barracks Ships APB

Coastal Transports APc

High-Speed Transports APD

Evacuation Transports APH

Barracks Ships APL

Mechanized Artillery Transport APM

Transport Submarine APS

Aircraft Ferries APV

Repair Ships

Repair Ships AR

Battle-Damage Repair Ships ARB

Auxiliary Repair Dock (Concrete) ARDC

Internal Combustion Engine Repair Ships ARG

Heavy Hull Repair Ships ARH

Landing Craft Repair Ships ARL

Salvage Vessels ARS

Salvage Craft Tenders ARS(T)

Aircraft Repair Ships (Aircraft) ARV(A)

Aircraft Repair Ships (Engine) ARV(E)

Submarine Tenders & Rescue Vessels

Submarine Tenders AS

Submarine Rescue Vessels ASR

Tugboats

Auxiliary Tugs ATA

Fleet Ocean Tugs ATF

Old Ocean Tugs ATO

Rescue Tugs ATR

Seaplane Tenders & Aviation Supply Ships

Seaplane Tenders AV

Catapult Lighter AVC

Seaplane Tenders (Destroyers) AVD

Small Seaplane Tenders AVP

Aviation's Supply Ships AVS

Distilling Ships

Distilling Ships AW

Unclassified Vessels

Unclassified Vessels IX

Yard and District Craft Coast Guard Cutters

Cruising Cutters WPG

Weather Patrol Ships WIX

Weather Patrol Cutters WPC

Icebreakers WAG

See also

• Hull classification symbol
• List of hull classifications
• War Shipping Administration
• United States Maritime Commission
• Services of Supply
• World War II United States Merchant Navy
• South West Pacific Area (command)

References

1. Water Transportation - U.S. Army, 1939-1942, ASF
2. FM 21-6 List of Publications for Training - January 20, 1945
3. Clay, Steven E. (2010). US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, vol. 2 (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. pp. 1175–1176.
4. Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. pp. 343–345. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.
5. JMP-70
6. p262 The Signal Corps: The Outcome ( Mid-1943 through 1945 )
7. Apache (S-568, CSN-1) 2007-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
8. . Archived from the original on 2007-08-18. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
9. A salute to the doyen of old paddle-steamers
10. U.S. Army Transportation in the Southwest Pacific Area 1941-1947
11. US Army Small Ships Section
12. The Formation and Operation of the US Army Small Ships in World War II 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine
13. pp. 430, 448-53 The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas
14. Coringle (S-31) 2012-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
15. Jane Moorhead (S-63)
16. Will Watch (S-116) 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine
17. Tuhoe (S-13 2) 1 2011-10-03 at the Wayback Machine
18. Auxiliary schooner Tuhoe 2012-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
19. Ships and Men of the Army Transport Service (ATS)
21. Troops and Cargo Transported During World War II under U.S. Army Control
22. The Army's Cargo Fleet in World War II
23. FM 55-105 Water Transportation: Oceangoing Vessels (War Department 25SEPT1944)
24. FM 55-130 Small Boats and Harbor Craft^{[permanent dead link]} January 31, 1944
26. p159 The Coast Guard at War, USCG crewed F ships
27. U.S. Army "FS" (Freight-Supply) Vessels Manned by Coast Guard crews
28. Menhaden fishing fleet of converted FS vessels
29. USAFS Major J. R. Wessely (FS-80)
30. F-76
31. F-76
32. FS-64 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine
33. FS-64
34. FS-206
35. FS-206
36. FS-240
37. FS-244
38. FS244
39. FS-246
40. FS-246
41. T-57
42. T-89
43. T-147
44. . Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
45. . Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
46. LT-152
47. LT-638
48. p131 The 10th ERBS in Alaska
49. P-239
50. Historic Ships To Visit - Army Corps Of Engineers
51. FM 5-5,C1..C5
52. port construction and repair group
53. Port Restoration - WWII
54. The dredge "William L. Marshall" in World War II 2011-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
55. The Corps of Engineers: The War Against Germany: CHAPTER XVI Developing Beaches and Reconstructing Ports
56. The District, A History of the Philadelphia District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1866-1971, Marine Design - Unique Mission 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine
57. United States Army in World War II - The Corps of Engineers: Troops and Equipment - Chapter XVII - Preparing to Reconstruct Ports 2009-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
58. Historic Dredging Photos 2011-02-26 at the Wayback Machine
59. Chester Harding (dredge)
60. "How Tank-Carrying Bridges Are Built" Popular Mechanics, December 1943
61. General Instructions for Transports Cargo Vessels, and Landing Craft of Amphibious Forces
62. HyperWar Subject Index Amphibious Warfare
63. The Amphibious Revolution
64. Great-Grandad, What's An LSV? 2007-03-04 at the Wayback Machine

External links

• SHIPS of the UNITED STATES ARMY
• U.S. Navy Abbreviations of World War II
• Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945
• HISTORIC SHIPS TO VISIT - LISTED BY TYPE OF GOVERNMENT SERVICE
• NavSource Naval History
• Summary of Vessels Built in WWII, by Type
• Comparison of U.S. Army and U.S. Navy Vessels in World War II
• History of US Army T Boats
• Engineer Assault Boats in Canadian Service
• Amphibious Forces
• Air Sea Rescue Boats

This article incorporates text from one or more United States military publications now in the public domain.