SS Jeremiah O'Brien
SS Jeremiah O'Brien is a Liberty ship built during World War II and named after the American Revolutionary War ship captain Jeremiah O'Brien (1744–1818).
SS Jeremiah O'Brien in Pier 45 in San Francisco | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| United States | |
| Name | Jeremiah O'Brien |
| Namesake | Jeremiah O'Brien |
| Owner | War Shipping Administration |
| Operator | Grace Line, Inc. |
| Port of registry | |
| Builder | New England Shipbuilding Corporation |
| Yard number | 230 |
| Laid down | 6 May 1943 |
| Launched | 19 June 1943 |
| In service | 3 July 1943 |
| Out of service | 7 February 1946 |
| Identification |
|
| Status | Seagoing museum ship since 1979 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | EC2-S-C1 (Liberty ship) |
| Displacement | 15,928 short tons (14,450 t) |
| Length | 441 ft 6 in (134.57 m) |
| Beam | 57 ft (17 m) |
| Draft | 27 ft 9 in (8.46 m) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) |
| Armament |
|
SS Jeremiah O'Brien | |
| Location | San Francisco, California |
| Coordinates | 37°48′40″N 122°25′5″W / 37.81111°N 122.41806°WCoordinates: 37°48′40″N 122°25′5″W / 37.81111°N 122.41806°W |
| Built | 1943 |
| Architect | New York Shipbuilding Corp. |
| NRHP reference No. | 78003405 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | 7 June 1978[3] |
| Designated NHL | 14 January 1986[4] |
Now based in San Francisco, she is a rare survivor[a] of the 6,939-ship 6 June 1944 D-Day armada off the coast of Normandy, France.[5]
Jeremiah O'Brien, SS John W. Brown, and SS Hellas Liberty are the only currently operational Liberty ships of the 2,710 built.[6]
History
World War II
Jeremiah O'Brien is a class EC2-S-CI ship, built in just 56 days at the New England Shipbuilding Corporation in South Portland, Maine and launched on 19 June 1943.[7] Deployed in the European Theater of Operations, she made four round-trip convoy crossings of the Atlantic and was part of the Operation Neptune invasion fleet armada on D-Day. She made 11 cross-channel round-trips to support the invasion.[8] Following this she was sent to the Pacific Theater of Operations and saw 16 months of service in both the South Pacific and Indian Ocean calling at ports in Chile, Peru, New Guinea, the Philippines, India, China, and Australia.
Postwar
The end of the war caused most of the Liberty ships to be removed from service in 1946 and many were subsequently sold to foreign and domestic buyers. Others were retained by the U.S. Maritime Commission for potential reactivation in the event of future military conflicts. Jeremiah O'Brien was mothballed and remained in the National Defense Reserve Fleet in Suisun Bay for 33 years.[8]
Restoration
In the 1970s, however, the idea of preserving an unaltered Liberty Ship began to be developed and, under the sponsorship of Rear Admiral Thomas J. Patterson, USMS (then the Western Regional Director of the U.S. Maritime Administration), the ship was put aside for preservation instead of being sold for scrap.[8] In a 1994 interview printed by the Vintage Preservation magazine Old Glory, Patterson claimed the ship was steamed to her anchorage in the mothball fleet (unlike the many that were secured as unserviceable and towed into storage), and frequently placed at the back of the list for disposal which undoubtedly contributed to her survival.
An all-volunteer group, the National Liberty Ship Memorial (NLSM), acquired Jeremiah O'Brien in 1979 for restoration. At that time, she was virtually the last Liberty at the anchorage. The volunteers who campaigned to resurrect the mothballed ship (led by Captain Edward MacMichael, NLSM Executive Director, and Master) were able to get the steam plant operating while she remained in Suisun Bay. After more than three decades in mothballs, Jeremiah O'Brien's boilers were lit. The ship left the mothball fleet on 6 October 1979 bound for San Francisco Bay, drydocking, and thousands of hours of restoration work. She was the only Liberty Ship to leave the mothball fleet under her own power.[9]
Jeremiah O'Brien then moved to Fort Mason on the San Francisco waterfront just to the west of Fisherman's Wharf to become a museum ship dedicated to the men and women who built and sailed with the United States Merchant Marine in World War II. She was named a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1984 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.[10] Licensed to carry tours around San Francisco Bay, it was suggested[who?] that the ship be restored to oceangoing specification. After efforts in securing sponsorship, this was accomplished in time for the 50th "D-Day" Anniversary Celebrations in 1994.[citation needed]
50th Anniversary of D-Day
In 1994, Jeremiah O'Brien steamed through the Golden Gate bound for France. She went down the West Coast, through the Panama Canal, and crossed the Atlantic for the first time since World War II. She stopped first in London, England, where she was berthed adjacent to HMS Belfast, then went on to Portsmouth for the D-Day +50 celebrations before she continued on to Normandy, where Jeremiah O'Brien and her crew (a volunteer crew of veteran World War II-era sailors and a few cadets from the California Maritime Academy) participated in the 50th Anniversary of Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Western Europe. She was the only large ship from the original Normandy flotilla to return for the event.[citation needed]
Today
Docked at Pier 45, she makes several passenger-carrying daylight cruises each year in the San Francisco Bay, and occasional voyages to more distant ports such as Seattle and San Diego.[citation needed]
Footage of the ship's engine was used in the 1997 film Titanic to depict the ill-fated ship's own triple-expansion engines.[11] The engine is very similar to the engines on board the RMS Titanic; two of her engines were triple expansion marine steam engines, albeit Titanic's engines were four cylinders as opposed to three.
The ship is completely restored to its original World War II configuration.[8] Most areas are open to the public, including the engine room, bridge, and cargo holds. Modernization has been kept to a minimum and mostly involves systems related to safety, communications, and navigation.[citation needed]
In 2009, Jeremiah O'Brien was dry docked inside Eureka at Pier 70.[12]
On 23 May 2020, SS Jeremiah O'Brien and USS Pampanito were threatened by a 4-alarm fire at a warehouse structure next to where Jeremiah O'Brien was berthed at San Francisco's Pier 45, but both vessels were undamaged due to the actions of the local firefighters.[13] The fireboat St. Francis is credited with saving the ship.[8] The ship was temporarily moved to Pier 35 during the cleanup process.
Gallery
At Pier 45, Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, California
SS Jeremiah O'Brien underway in San Pablo Bay on 27 August 2005, as seen from the aft steering station
Polynesian fantasy pinups painted on SS Jeremiah O’Brien's bow for her maiden voyage. Found beneath later paint, they were restored during the ship's 1990s restoration
Engine room status board seen while underway
SS Jeremiah O'Brien arriving at Chatham (UK), 8 June 1994
SS Jeremiah O'Brien steam whistle
See also
- Liberty ship
- List of Liberty ships
- Nash – last surviving D-Day Army ship
- Victory ship
Notes
- ^ The tugboat Nash, another National Historic Landmark ship located in Oswego, New York, is another survivor of the D-Day fleet,[citation needed]} as is the battleship USS Texas (BB-35) near Houston, Texas.
References
- ^ American Bureau of Shipping, ABS class no: 4304713
- ^ American Bureau of Shipping, IMO 5171749
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 15 April 2008.
- ^ . National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 18 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "American Merchant Marine Ships at Normandy in June 1944". U.S. Maritime Service Veterans. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ Sawyer, L. A.; Mitchell, W. H. (1985). The Liberty Ships (2nd ed.). London: Lloyd's of London Press. pp. 229–237.
- ^ "SS Jeremiah O'Brien". World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area. National Park Service. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
- ^ a b c d e Bill Nemitz (31 May 2020). "Bill Nemitz: Long live the 'Lucky O'Brien' – the last of Maine's Liberty ships". Portland Press Herald. from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
The SS Jeremiah O'Brien, the last of the Liberty ships built in South Portland during World War II, survived the German U-boats, the Mothball Fleet and now, a devastating fire on San Francisco's waterfront.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 30 July 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
- ^ National Park Service: Determining the Facts
- ^ "SS Jeremiah O'Brien - One of San Francisco's Most Unique Venues". Retrieved 14 October 2016.
- ^ "Photo Tour". www.pier70sf.org. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ "VIDEO: Massive 4-Alarm Fish Processing Warehouse Fire Erupts Near Fisherman's Wharf". KPIX-TV. 23 May 2020. from the original on 23 May 2020.
- Butowsky, Harry A. (May 1985). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form / SS Jeremiah O'Brien" (pdf). National Park Service. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- "Accompanying Photos" (pdf). National Park Service. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
External links
- "National Liberty Ship Memorial (SS Jeremiah O'Brien official site)".
- "Photo site of Jeremiah O'Brien". 5 November 2006.
- . Historic Naval Ships Association. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007.