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Frederick I, Elector of Saxony

Frederick I, the Belligerent or the Warlike (German: Friedrich der Streitbare; 11 April 1370 – 4 January 1428), a member of the House of Wettin, ruled as Margrave of Meissen from 1407 and Elector of Saxony (as Frederick I) from 1423 until his death.

The grave of Frederick I of Saxony, Princes Chapel, Meissen Cathedral
Portal to the Princes Chapel, Meissen Cathedral

He is not to be confused with his cousin Landgrave Frederick IV of Thuringia, the son of Landgrave Balthasar.

Biography Edit

He was the eldest son of Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia, and Catherine of Henneberg. After the death of his uncle William I, Margrave of Meissen in 1407, he was made governor of the Margraviate of Meissen together with his brother William II as well as with his cousin Frederick IV (son of Balthasar), until their possessions were divided in 1410 and 1415.

In the German town war of 1388, he assisted Frederick V of Hohenzollern, burgrave of Nuremberg, and in 1391 did the same for the Teutonic Order against Wladislaus II of Poland. He supported Rupert III, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, in his struggle with King Wenceslaus for the German throne, probably because Wenceslaus refused to fulfill a promise to give him his sister Anna in marriage.

 
Saxon electors Frederick the Warlike, Ernest, and Frederick II, Fürstenzug, Dresden

The danger to Germany from the Hussites induced Frederick to ally himself with Emperor Sigismund; and he took a leading part in the war against them, during the earlier years of which he met with considerable success. For his victory at the Battle of Brüx in 1421, Frederick was granted the ranks of Duke and Elector. In the prosecution of this enterprise Frederick spent large sums of money, for which he received various places in Bohemia and elsewhere in pledge from Sigismund, who further rewarded him on 6 January 1423 with the vacant electoral Duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg; and Fredericks formal investiture followed at Ofen on the 1 August 1425. Thus ascended Frederick IV, who called himself Frederick I now as duke and elector. Thus spurred to renewed efforts against the Hussites, the elector was endeavouring to rouse the German princes to aid him in prosecuting this war when the Saxon army was almost annihilated at Aussig on the 16 August 1426.

After the death of his brother William, Frederick became the ruler over the entire possession of the House of Wettin except Thuringia.

In 1409, Frederick and his brother William founded the University of Leipzig, for the benefit of German students who had left the University of Prague after the events relating to the Western Schism.

Frederick died in 1428 at Altenburg. He was buried as the first Wettin in the centre of what is now known as the Princes Chapel in Meissen Cathedral. The cathedral is now accessible to the public for a small fee and the tomb is readily seen.

Family Edit

Frederick I married Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1442), daughter of Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg on 7 February 1402 and had 7 children:[1]

  1. Catherine, died young;
  2. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (1412–1464);
  3. Sigismund, Bishop of Würzburg, (3 March 1416 – 24 December 1471);
  4. Anna, (5 June 1420 – 17 September 1462), married to Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse;
  5. Catherine, (1421 – 23 August 1476, Berlin), married to Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg;
  6. Henry, (21 May 1422 – 22 July 1435);
  7. William III, Duke of Luxemburg (1425–1482), Landgrave of Thuringia

Ancestry Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Opitz, Gottfried (1961), "Friedrich I.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 567; (full text online)
Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
Born: 11 April 1370 Died: 4 January 1428
Regnal titles
Preceded by Margrave of Meissen
1407–1428
With: William II & Frederick the Peaceful
Succeeded by
Preceded by Elector of Saxony
1423–1428

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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Frederick I Elector of Saxony news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Frederick I the Belligerent or the Warlike German Friedrich der Streitbare 11 April 1370 4 January 1428 a member of the House of Wettin ruled as Margrave of Meissen from 1407 and Elector of Saxony as Frederick I from 1423 until his death Frederick IPortrait by Lucas Cranach the YoungerElector of SaxonyReign6 January 1423 4 January 1428PredecessorAlbert IIISuccessorFrederick IIMargrave of MeissenReign9 February 1407 4 January 1428PredecessorWilliam ISuccessorFrederick IIBorn11 April 1370Dresden Margravate of Meissen Holy Roman EmpireDied4 January 1428 1428 01 04 aged 57 Altenburg Electorate of Saxony Holy Roman EmpireBurialPrinces Chapel in Meissen CathedralSpouseCatherine of Brunswick LuneburgIssueamong others Frederick II Elector of SaxonyAnna Landgravine of HesseWilliam III Duke of LuxembourgHouseHouse of WettinFatherFrederick III Landgrave of ThuringiaMotherCatherine of HennebergReligionRoman CatholicismThe grave of Frederick I of Saxony Princes Chapel Meissen CathedralPortal to the Princes Chapel Meissen CathedralHe is not to be confused with his cousin Landgrave Frederick IV of Thuringia the son of Landgrave Balthasar Contents 1 Biography 2 Family 3 Ancestry 4 ReferencesBiography EditHe was the eldest son of Frederick III Landgrave of Thuringia and Catherine of Henneberg After the death of his uncle William I Margrave of Meissen in 1407 he was made governor of the Margraviate of Meissen together with his brother William II as well as with his cousin Frederick IV son of Balthasar until their possessions were divided in 1410 and 1415 In the German town war of 1388 he assisted Frederick V of Hohenzollern burgrave of Nuremberg and in 1391 did the same for the Teutonic Order against Wladislaus II of Poland He supported Rupert III Elector Palatine of the Rhine in his struggle with King Wenceslaus for the German throne probably because Wenceslaus refused to fulfill a promise to give him his sister Anna in marriage nbsp Saxon electors Frederick the Warlike Ernest and Frederick II Furstenzug DresdenThe danger to Germany from the Hussites induced Frederick to ally himself with Emperor Sigismund and he took a leading part in the war against them during the earlier years of which he met with considerable success For his victory at the Battle of Brux in 1421 Frederick was granted the ranks of Duke and Elector In the prosecution of this enterprise Frederick spent large sums of money for which he received various places in Bohemia and elsewhere in pledge from Sigismund who further rewarded him on 6 January 1423 with the vacant electoral Duchy of Saxony Wittenberg and Fredericks formal investiture followed at Ofen on the 1 August 1425 Thus ascended Frederick IV who called himself Frederick I now as duke and elector Thus spurred to renewed efforts against the Hussites the elector was endeavouring to rouse the German princes to aid him in prosecuting this war when the Saxon army was almost annihilated at Aussig on the 16 August 1426 After the death of his brother William Frederick became the ruler over the entire possession of the House of Wettin except Thuringia In 1409 Frederick and his brother William founded the University of Leipzig for the benefit of German students who had left the University of Prague after the events relating to the Western Schism Frederick died in 1428 at Altenburg He was buried as the first Wettin in the centre of what is now known as the Princes Chapel in Meissen Cathedral The cathedral is now accessible to the public for a small fee and the tomb is readily seen Family EditFrederick I married Catherine of Brunswick Luneburg d 1442 daughter of Henry the Mild Duke of Brunswick Luneburg on 7 February 1402 and had 7 children 1 Catherine died young Frederick II Elector of Saxony 1412 1464 Sigismund Bishop of Wurzburg 3 March 1416 24 December 1471 Anna 5 June 1420 17 September 1462 married to Louis I Landgrave of Hesse Catherine 1421 23 August 1476 Berlin married to Frederick II Elector of Brandenburg Henry 21 May 1422 22 July 1435 William III Duke of Luxemburg 1425 1482 Landgrave of ThuringiaAncestry EditAncestors of Frederick I Elector of Saxony16 Albert II Margrave of Meissen8 Frederick I Margrave of Meissen17 Margaret of Sicily4 Frederick II Margrave of Meissen18 Hartmann XI of Lobdaburg Arnshaugk9 Elizabeth of Lobdaburg Arnshaugk19 Elisabeth Countess of Orlamunde2 Frederick III Landgrave of Thuringia20 Louis II Duke of Bavaria10 Louis IV Holy Roman Emperor21 Matilda of Habsburg5 Mathilde of Bavaria22 Bolko I the Strict11 Beatrix of Silesia Glogau23 Beatrice of Brandenburg1 Frederick I Elector of Saxony24 Berthold V Count of Henneberg Schleusingen12 Berthold VII Count of Henneberg Schleusingen25 Sophie of Schwarzburg6 Heinrich VIII of Henneberg Schleusingen26 Henry I Landgrave of Hesse13 Adelheid of Hesse27 Adelheid of Brunswick Luneburg3 Catherine of Henneberg28 Otto V Margrave of Brandenburg Salzwedel14 Herman Margrave of Brandenburg Salzwedel29 Jutta of Henneberg7 Judith of Brandenburg Salzwedel30 Albert I King of Germany Duke of Austria15 Anna of Austria31 Elisabeth of TirolReferences Edit Opitz Gottfried 1961 Friedrich I Neue Deutsche Biographie in German vol 5 Berlin Duncker amp Humblot p 567 full text online nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Frederick I Elector of Saxony Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 11 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 59 Frederick I Elector of SaxonyHouse of WettinBorn 11 April 1370 Died 4 January 1428Regnal titlesPreceded byWilliam I Margrave of Meissen1407 1428 With William II amp Frederick the Peaceful Succeeded byFrederick IIPreceded byAlbert III Elector of Saxony1423 1428 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Frederick I Elector of Saxony amp oldid 1172272484, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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