For the ideology of the followers of the Croatian politician Josip Frank, see Frankism (Croatia).
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Frankismus (religiöse Bewegung)]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Frankismus (religiöse Bewegung)}} to the talk page.
Frankism was a SabbateanJewish religious movement of the 18th and 19th centuries,[1] centered on the leadership of the Jewish Messiah claimantJacob Frank. Frank rejected religious norms and said that his followers were obligated to transgress as many moral boundaries as possible. At its height it claimed perhaps 50,000 followers, primarily Jews living in Poland, as well as in Central and Eastern Europe.[1][2][3]
Unlike Judaism, which provides a set of detailed social, cultural, and religious norms and laws (halakha) that regulate many aspects of life of observant Jews,[4] Frank claimed that "all laws and teachings will fall"[5] and, following antinomianism, asserted that the most important obligation of every person was the transgression of every boundary.[6]
Frankism is associated with the Sabbateans of Turkey, a religious movement that identified the 17th-century Jewish rabbiSabbatai Zevi as the Messiah.[1][3] Like Frankism, the earlier forms of Sabbateanism believed that at least in some circumstances, antinomianism was the correct path.[7] Zevi himself would perform actions that violated traditional Jewish taboos, such as eating foods that were forbidden by kashrut, the Jewish dietary laws, and celebrating prescribed fast days as feast days.[8] Especially after Zevi's death, a number of branches of Sabbateanism evolved that disagreed among themselves over which aspects of traditional Judaism should be preserved and which should be discarded.[9]
Several authorities on Sabbateanism, such as Heinrich Graetz and Aleksander Kraushar [pl], were skeptical of the existence of a distinctive Frankist doctrine. According to Gershom Scholem, a 20th century authority on Sabbateanism and Kabbalah, Kraushar had described Frank's sayings as "grotesque, comical and incomprehensible." In his classic essay "Redemption Through Sin," Scholem argued a different position which placed Frankism as a later and more radical outgrowth of Sabbateanism.[9] In contrast, Jay Michaelson argues that Frankism was "an original theology that was innovative, if sinister" that was, in many respects, a departure from the earlier formulations of Sabbateanism. In traditional Sabbatean doctrine, Zevi (and often his followers) claimed to be able to liberate the sparks of holiness hidden within what seemed to be evil. According to Michaelson, Frank's theology asserted that the attempt to liberate the sparks of holiness was the problem, not the solution. Rather, Frank claimed that the "mixing" between holy and unholy was virtuous.[6] Netanel Lederberg claims that Frank had a Gnostic philosophy wherein there was a "true God" whose existence was hidden by a "false God." This "true God" could allegedly be revealed only through a total destruction of the social and religious structures created by the "false God," thus leading to a thorough antinomianism. For Frank, the very distinction between good and evil is a product of a world governed by the "false God." Lederberg compares Frank's position to that of Friedrich Nietzsche.[10]
After Jacob Frankedit
After Jacob Frank's death in 1791, his daughter Eve, who had been declared in 1770 to be the incarnation of the Shekhinah, the dwelling of the divine presence, continued to lead the movement with her brothers.
^ abScholem, Gershom. "Redemption Through Sin". . pp. 78–141. Archived from the original on 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
^Lederberg, Netanel (2007). Sod HaDa'at: Rabbi Israel Ba'al Shem Tov, His Spiritual Character and Social Leadership. Jerusalem: Rubin Mass. ISBN978-965-09-0206-3.
Maciejko, Pawel (2003). The Frankist Movement in Poland, the Czech Lands, and Germany (1755–1816). University of Oxford.
Maciejko, Pawel (2005). (PDF). The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yale University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-03. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
Maciejko, Pawel (2005). "'Baruch Yavan and the Frankist movement : intercession in an age of upheaval", Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 4 (2005) pp. 333–354.
Maciejko, Pawel (2006). "'Christian elements in early Frankist doctrine", Gal-Ed 20 (2006) pp. 13–41.
Emeliantseva, Ekaterina, "Zwischen jüdischer Tradition und frankistischer Mystik. Zur Geschichte der Prager Frankistenfamilie Wehle: 1760–1800," Jewish History Quarterly/Kwartalnik Historii Żydów 4 (2001), pp. 549–565.
Emeliantseva Koller, Ekaterina, "Der fremde Nachbar: Warschauer Frankisten in der Pamphletliteratur des Vierjährigen Sejms: 1788–1792," in: A. Binnenkade, E. Emeliantseva, S. Pacholkiv (eds.), Vertraut und fremd zugleich. Jüdisch-christliche Nachbarschaften in Warschau – Lengnau – Lemberg (= Jüdische Moderne 8), Köln-Weimar: Böhlau 2009, pp. 21–94.
Emeliantseva Koller, Ekaterina, "Situative Religiosität – situative Identität: Neue Zugänge zur Geschichte des Frankismus in Prag (1750–1860)," in: P. Ernst, G. Lamprecht (eds.), Konzeptionen des Jüdischen – Kollektive Entwürfe im Wandel (= Schriften des Centrums für Jüdische Studien 11), Innsbruck 2009, pp. 38–62.
External linksedit
The Collection of the Words of the Lord, by Jacob Frank, translated and edited by Harris Lenowitz
January 01, 1970
frankism, confused, with, francoism, ideology, followers, croatian, politician, josip, frank, croatia, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, german, february, 2024, click, show, important, translation, instructions,. Not to be confused with Francoism For the ideology of the followers of the Croatian politician Josip Frank see Frankism Croatia You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German February 2024 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Frankismus religiose Bewegung see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated de Frankismus religiose Bewegung to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Frankism was a Sabbatean Jewish religious movement of the 18th and 19th centuries 1 centered on the leadership of the Jewish Messiah claimant Jacob Frank Frank rejected religious norms and said that his followers were obligated to transgress as many moral boundaries as possible At its height it claimed perhaps 50 000 followers primarily Jews living in Poland as well as in Central and Eastern Europe 1 2 3 Jacob Frank 1895 depiction Contents 1 Description 2 After Jacob Frank 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksDescription editUnlike Judaism which provides a set of detailed social cultural and religious norms and laws halakha that regulate many aspects of life of observant Jews 4 Frank claimed that all laws and teachings will fall 5 and following antinomianism asserted that the most important obligation of every person was the transgression of every boundary 6 Frankism is associated with the Sabbateans of Turkey a religious movement that identified the 17th century Jewish rabbi Sabbatai Zevi as the Messiah 1 3 Like Frankism the earlier forms of Sabbateanism believed that at least in some circumstances antinomianism was the correct path 7 Zevi himself would perform actions that violated traditional Jewish taboos such as eating foods that were forbidden by kashrut the Jewish dietary laws and celebrating prescribed fast days as feast days 8 Especially after Zevi s death a number of branches of Sabbateanism evolved that disagreed among themselves over which aspects of traditional Judaism should be preserved and which should be discarded 9 Several authorities on Sabbateanism such as Heinrich Graetz and Aleksander Kraushar pl were skeptical of the existence of a distinctive Frankist doctrine According to Gershom Scholem a 20th century authority on Sabbateanism and Kabbalah Kraushar had described Frank s sayings as grotesque comical and incomprehensible In his classic essay Redemption Through Sin Scholem argued a different position which placed Frankism as a later and more radical outgrowth of Sabbateanism 9 In contrast Jay Michaelson argues that Frankism was an original theology that was innovative if sinister that was in many respects a departure from the earlier formulations of Sabbateanism In traditional Sabbatean doctrine Zevi and often his followers claimed to be able to liberate the sparks of holiness hidden within what seemed to be evil According to Michaelson Frank s theology asserted that the attempt to liberate the sparks of holiness was the problem not the solution Rather Frank claimed that the mixing between holy and unholy was virtuous 6 Netanel Lederberg claims that Frank had a Gnostic philosophy wherein there was a true God whose existence was hidden by a false God This true God could allegedly be revealed only through a total destruction of the social and religious structures created by the false God thus leading to a thorough antinomianism For Frank the very distinction between good and evil is a product of a world governed by the false God Lederberg compares Frank s position to that of Friedrich Nietzsche 10 After Jacob Frank editAfter Jacob Frank s death in 1791 his daughter Eve who had been declared in 1770 to be the incarnation of the Shekhinah the dwelling of the divine presence continued to lead the movement with her brothers See also editKhlystsReferences edit a b c Frankism The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe Michaelson Jay Heretic of the Month Jacob Frank American Jewish Life Magazine No March April 2007 Atlanta GENCO Media Archived from the original on 2016 10 12 a b Jacob Frank britannica com Retrieved 24 October 2010 Halakhah The Laws of Jewish Life My Jewish Learning Retrieved 25 July 2022 The Collection of the Words of the Lord by Jacob Frank translated by Harris Lenowitz Saying 103 a b Michaelson Jay Jacob Frank Learn Kabbalah Archived from the original on 2017 07 04 Kabbalah MyJewishLearning com 5 August 2023 Sabbatai Zevi Jewish Encyclopedia a b Scholem Gershom Redemption Through Sin The Messianic Idea in Judaism and Other Essays pp 78 141 Archived from the original on 2013 11 02 Retrieved 2017 09 09 Lederberg Netanel 2007 Sod HaDa at Rabbi Israel Ba al Shem Tov His Spiritual Character and Social Leadership Jerusalem Rubin Mass ISBN 978 965 09 0206 3 Bibliography editFrank Yakov 1978 Sayings of Yakov Frank Harris Lenowitz trans Oakland CA Tzaddikim ISBN 0 917246 05 5 Maciejko Pawel 2011 The Mixed Multitude Jacob Frank and the Frankist Movement Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 978 0 8122 4315 4 Maciejko Pawel 2003 The Frankist Movement in Poland the Czech Lands and Germany 1755 1816 University of Oxford Maciejko Pawel 2005 Frankism PDF The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe Yale University Press Archived from the original PDF on 2006 10 03 Retrieved 2009 05 13 Maciejko Pawel 2005 Baruch Yavan and the Frankist movement intercession in an age of upheaval Jahrbuch des Simon Dubnow Instituts 4 2005 pp 333 354 Maciejko Pawel 2006 Christian elements in early Frankist doctrine Gal Ed 20 2006 pp 13 41 Mandel Arthur 1979 The Militant Messiah The Story of Jacob Frank and the Frankists Atlantic Highlands NJ Humanities Press ISBN 0 391 00973 7 Mieses Mateusz 1938 Polacy Chrzescijanie pochodzenia zydowskiego Poles Christians of Jewish origin in Polish Warsaw Wydawn Scholem Gershom Shabtai Zvi and Jacob Frank and the Frankists Encyclopaedia Judaica CD ROM ed Archived from the original on 2009 01 16 Retrieved 2009 05 13 Emeliantseva Ekaterina Zwischen judischer Tradition und frankistischer Mystik Zur Geschichte der Prager Frankistenfamilie Wehle 1760 1800 Jewish History Quarterly Kwartalnik Historii Zydow 4 2001 pp 549 565 Emeliantseva Koller Ekaterina Der fremde Nachbar Warschauer Frankisten in der Pamphletliteratur des Vierjahrigen Sejms 1788 1792 in A Binnenkade E Emeliantseva S Pacholkiv eds Vertraut und fremd zugleich Judisch christliche Nachbarschaften in Warschau Lengnau Lemberg Judische Moderne 8 Koln Weimar Bohlau 2009 pp 21 94 Emeliantseva Koller Ekaterina Situative Religiositat situative Identitat Neue Zugange zur Geschichte des Frankismus in Prag 1750 1860 in P Ernst G Lamprecht eds Konzeptionen des Judischen Kollektive Entwurfe im Wandel Schriften des Centrums fur Judische Studien 11 Innsbruck 2009 pp 38 62 External links editThe Collection of the Words of the Lord by Jacob Frank translated and edited by Harris Lenowitz Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Frankism amp oldid 1211079263, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
