Francis Godolphin Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds, KG,PC (29 January 1751 – 31 January 1799), styled Marquess of Carmarthen until 1789, was a British politician. He notably served as Foreign Secretary under William Pitt the Younger from 1783 to 1791. He also was Governor of Scilly. In 1790, he was made a Knight of the Order of the Garter. As a statesman, he is generally regarded as a failure, and his deep hostility to the newly independent United States damaged relations between the two countries.
Early in 1783, Carmarthen was selected as ambassador to France, but he did not take up this appointment, becoming instead Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs under William Pitt the Younger in December of the same year.[1] Historian Jeremy Black says that in terms of foreign policy, Pitt and other leaders were disappointed with his performance as a minister. The Duke of Leeds, as he became upon his father's death in 1789, was anti-French but did not develop an active and aggressive foreign policy. Instead, King George III himself set the main lines of foreign policy before he became mentally disabled.[2] Pitt's rejection of Leeds' anti-Russian policy was the final blow and he left office in April 1791.[3]
Leeds had done nothing to foster good relations with the newly independent United States: two future Presidents, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, as envoys from the United States, both complained of his obstructive attitude and "aversion to having anything to do with us".[4] While Adams, who was rather Anglophile by inclination, was prepared to forgive and forget, Jefferson was not, and it can be argued that Leeds's only lasting achievement was to foster Jefferson's implacable hostility as President to Great Britain and its rulers.[5]
Subsequently, Leeds took little part in politics: in 1792, hearing rumours that a new coalition might be formed, he unwisely offered himself as its head and met with a firm rebuff from both Pitt and the King.[6]
Familyedit
Ancestral arms of the Osborne family, Dukes of Leeds
Leeds married firstly in 1773 Lady Amelia Darcy, daughter of Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness on 29 November 1773. Lady Amelia became Baroness Darcy de Knayth and Baroness Conyers in her own right in 1778. They were divorced in 1779.[7] Their marriage produced three children:
Lord Francis Osborne (18 October 1777 – 15 February 1850), later 1st Baron Godolphin; married The Hon. Elizabeth Eden, third daughter of the 1st Baron Auckland, on 31 March 1800 and had issue.
He married secondly Catherine, daughter of Thomas Anguish, in 1788 and had two more children:
Lord Sidney Godolphin Osborne (1789–1861); unmarried.
Lady Catherine Anne Sarah Osborne (1791–1878); married Major John Whyte-Melville on 1 June 1819 and had issue.
^Hague, William William Pitt the Younger Harper Collins (2004).[page needed]
^"House of Lords Journal Volume 35: April 1779 11-20". British History Online. HMSO. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Leeds, Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of s.v. Francis Osborne, 5th duke of Leeds". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 368.
francis, osborne, duke, leeds, francis, godolphin, osborne, duke, leeds, january, 1751, january, 1799, styled, marquess, carmarthen, until, 1789, british, politician, notably, served, foreign, secretary, under, william, pitt, younger, from, 1783, 1791, also, g. Francis Godolphin Osborne 5th Duke of Leeds KG PC 29 January 1751 31 January 1799 styled Marquess of Carmarthen until 1789 was a British politician He notably served as Foreign Secretary under William Pitt the Younger from 1783 to 1791 He also was Governor of Scilly In 1790 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Garter As a statesman he is generally regarded as a failure and his deep hostility to the newly independent United States damaged relations between the two countries His GraceThe Duke of LeedsKG PCPortrait by Benjamin West circa 1769Secretary of State for Foreign AffairsIn office 23 December 1783 May 1791MonarchGeorge IIIPrime MinisterThe Right Hon William PittPreceded byThe Earl TempleSucceeded byThe Lord GrenvilleLeader of the House of LordsIn office 1789 1790Preceded byThe Lord SydneySucceeded byThe Lord GrenvillePersonal detailsBorn29 January 1751 1751 01 29 Died31 January 1799 1799 01 31 aged 48 London England Great BritainResting placeAll Hallows Church Harthill South YorkshireNationalityBritishPolitical partyTorySpousesLady Amelia Darcy m 1773 div 1779 wbr Catherine Anguish m 1788 wbr ChildrenGeorge Osborne 6th Duke of Leeds Mary Pelham Countess of Chichester Francis Osborne 1st Baron Godolphin Lord Sidney Osborne Lady Catherine Whyte MelvilleParent s Thomas Osborne 4th Duke of LeedsLady Mary GodolphinAlma materChrist Church Oxford Contents 1 Background and education 2 Political career 3 Family 4 ReferencesBackground and education editCarmarthen was the only surviving son of Thomas Osborne 4th Duke of Leeds by his wife Lady Mary daughter of Francis Godolphin 2nd Earl of Godolphin and Henrietta Godolphin 2nd Duchess of Marlborough He was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church Oxford 1 Political career editCarmarthen was a Member of Parliament for Eye in 1774 and for Helston from 1774 to 1775 in 1776 having received a writ of acceleration as Baron Osborne he entered the House of Lords and in 1777 Lord Chamberlain of the Queen s Household and Captain of Deal Castle In the House of Lords he was prominent as a determined foe of the prime minister Lord North who after he had resigned his position as chamberlain deprived him of the office of Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire in 1780 He regained this however two years later 1 Early in 1783 Carmarthen was selected as ambassador to France but he did not take up this appointment becoming instead Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs under William Pitt the Younger in December of the same year 1 Historian Jeremy Black says that in terms of foreign policy Pitt and other leaders were disappointed with his performance as a minister The Duke of Leeds as he became upon his father s death in 1789 was anti French but did not develop an active and aggressive foreign policy Instead King George III himself set the main lines of foreign policy before he became mentally disabled 2 Pitt s rejection of Leeds anti Russian policy was the final blow and he left office in April 1791 3 Leeds had done nothing to foster good relations with the newly independent United States two future Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson as envoys from the United States both complained of his obstructive attitude and aversion to having anything to do with us 4 While Adams who was rather Anglophile by inclination was prepared to forgive and forget Jefferson was not and it can be argued that Leeds s only lasting achievement was to foster Jefferson s implacable hostility as President to Great Britain and its rulers 5 Subsequently Leeds took little part in politics in 1792 hearing rumours that a new coalition might be formed he unwisely offered himself as its head and met with a firm rebuff from both Pitt and the King 6 Family edit nbsp Ancestral arms of the Osborne family Dukes of LeedsLeeds married firstly in 1773 Lady Amelia Darcy daughter of Robert Darcy 4th Earl of Holderness on 29 November 1773 Lady Amelia became Baroness Darcy de Knayth and Baroness Conyers in her own right in 1778 They were divorced in 1779 7 Their marriage produced three children George William Frederick Osborne Marquess of Carmarthen 21 July 1775 10 July 1838 later 6th Duke of Leeds married Lady Charlotte Townshend daughter of the 1st Marquess Townshend on 17 August 1797 and had issue Lady Mary Henrietta Juliana Osborne 7 September 1776 21 October 1862 married Thomas Pelham 2nd Earl of Chichester 28 April 1756 4 July 1826 in 1801 and had issue Lord Francis Osborne 18 October 1777 15 February 1850 later 1st Baron Godolphin married The Hon Elizabeth Eden third daughter of the 1st Baron Auckland on 31 March 1800 and had issue He married secondly Catherine daughter of Thomas Anguish in 1788 and had two more children Lord Sidney Godolphin Osborne 1789 1861 unmarried Lady Catherine Anne Sarah Osborne 1791 1878 married Major John Whyte Melville on 1 June 1819 and had issue Leeds died in London in January 1799 aged 48 and was buried in the Osborne family chapel at All Hallows Church Harthill South Yorkshire He was succeeded in the dukedom by his eldest son from his first marriage George Osborne 6th Duke of Leeds His second son from his first marriage Lord Francis Osborne was created Baron Godolphin in 1832 The dowager Duchess of Leeds died in October 1837 aged 73 Leeds s Political Memoranda were edited by Oscar Browning for the Camden Society in 1884 and there are eight volumes of his official correspondence in the British Museum 1 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francis Godolphin Osborne 5th Duke of Leeds a b c d Chisholm 1911 Jeremy Black British Foreign Policy in an Age of Revolutions 1783 1793 1994 pp 55 56 William Hague William Pitt the Younger page needed McCullough David John Adams Simon and Schuster New York 2001 page needed McCullough John Adams page needed Hague William William Pitt the Younger Harper Collins 2004 page needed House of Lords Journal Volume 35 April 1779 11 20 British History Online HMSO Retrieved 13 September 2021 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Leeds Thomas Osborne 1st Duke of s v Francis Osborne 5th duke of Leeds Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 368 Parliament of Great BritainPreceded byRichard Burton PhillipsonWilliam Cornwallis Member of Parliament for Eye1774 With Richard Burton Phillipson Succeeded byRichard Burton PhillipsonJohn St JohnPreceded byWilliam EvelynThe Earl of Clanbrassil Member of Parliament for Helston1774 1775 With Francis Owen Succeeded byFrancis Cockayne CustPhilip YorkeCourt officesPreceded byThe Earl De La Warr Lord Chamberlain to The Queen1777 1780 Succeeded byThe Earl of AilesburyPolitical officesPreceded byThe Earl Temple Foreign Secretary1783 1791 Succeeded byThe Lord GrenvillePreceded byThe Lord Sydney Leader of the House of Lords1789 1790Honorary titlesVacantTitle last held byThe Viscount of Irvine Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire1778 1780 Succeeded byThe Earl of CarlislePreceded byThe Earl of Carlisle Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire1782 1799 Succeeded byThe Earl of CarlisleVacantTitle last held byThe Marquess of Rockingham Vice Admiral of Yorkshire1795 1799 VacantTitle next held byThe Lord MulgravePreceded byThe Lord Godolphin Governor of the Isles of Scilly1785 1799 Succeeded byThe Duke of LeedsPeerage of EnglandPreceded byThomas Osborne Duke of Leeds1789 1799 Succeeded byGeorge OsborneBaron Osborne writ in acceleration 1776 1799 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francis Osborne 5th Duke of Leeds amp oldid 1186921965, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
