Francesco Maria del Monte, full name Francesco Maria Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria, (5 July 1549 – 27 August 1627) was an Italiancardinal, diplomat, and connoisseur of the arts.[1] His fame today rests on his early patronage of the important Baroque master Caravaggio, and on his art collection (the del Monte collection) which provides provenance for many important works of the period.
Portrait of Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte by Ottavio Leoni
Palazzo Madama, Cardinal del Monte's palace in Rome.
Born in Venice of the aristocratic del Monte family of Tuscan origin (which provided several cardinals to the church), he was the son of Marquis Ranieri Bourbon del Monte, first Count of Monte Baroccio, and Minerva Pianosa. He began his ecclesiastical career as Abbot commendatario of Santa Croce a Monte Fabali. He then went to Rome when he was still quite young, and was appointed as auditor for Cardinal Alessandro Sforza, before being finally admitted into the court of Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici. He made his way up through the clerical ranks as Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace (1580), and later went to serve the grand-duke of Tuscany, the former Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici.
He served as Prefect of the Tridentine Council (1606 to 1616) and as Bishop of Palestrina from 1615 to 1621. He participated in the Papal Conclave of 1621 and had ambitions of being elected Pope but his pro-French sympathies ensured his veto by the Spanish.[3]
Academics such as Posner, Frommel, and Hibbard have drawn upon extant documents (principally the correspondence of Dirk van Ameyden) that suggest the strong likelihood that he was homosexual[4] and this may have influenced his tastes in the art he commissioned (including those by Caravaggio), as well as damaging prospects of assuming the papacy. Van Ameyden mischievously painted a portrait in words of a man that seemed to display more than a paternal care for the boys in his charge. But Graham-Dixon argues that such accusations seem deliberately to have been cast by the pro-Spanish Ameyden against the pro-French Del Monte in order to discredit him, and bear little real scrutiny. Besides which, there is better evidence that Del Monte had courted women in his youth.[5][6] In short, the most honest and impartial scholarly conclusion about Del Monte's sexuality is that just as we currently do not have grounds to prove his homosexuality, we likewise do not have grounds to absolutely exclude that possibility.
He died in his Rome palace, the (Palazzo Madama, today the home of the Italian Senate) and was buried in the church of Sant'Urbano, Rome.[7]
The epitaph on Del Monte's tomb describes him as an "excellent patron of the good arts".[7] Del Monte was a perceptive supporter of the arts and sciences – he was the first recorded owner of the Portland Vase, and his Palazzo Madama household was one of the most important intellectual salons in Rome. At his death his art collection contained more than six hundred paintings, and his support of the young Caravaggio has given provenance to several of that artist's early works.
Together with his brother, he helped Galileo win a lectureship in mathematics in Pisa in 1589 and in Padua in 1592. In the wake of Galileo's discovery of the 'Medicean Planets', he gave the Cardinal a copy of his Sidereus Nuncius (Sidereal message) and a telescope as gifts (in 1610).[8] When Galileo went to Rome in 1611, Grand Duke Cosimo II recommended him to the Cardinal's council so that he could be helped during his sojourn at the Vatican.[9]
^Clovis Whitfield "The Camerino of Cardinal del Monte" Paragone, LIX, n.77, 2008, pp. 3–38
^Encyclopaedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Culture: 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Patronage I: The Western World from Ancient Greece until 1900
^D. Posener, "Caravaggio's early homo-erotic works", Art Quarterly 24 (1976) 301-26; C. Frommer, "Caravaggio's fruhwerk und der Kardinal del Monte", Storia dell'arte 9–10 (1971) 5–29; Howard Hibbard, Caravaggio (1983) ISBN978-0-06-433322-1
^Graham-Dixon, Andrew (2011). Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN9780241954645.
^ abcCamiz, Franca Trinchieri (1991). "Music and Painting in Cardinal del Monte's Household". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 26: 213–226. doi:10.2307/1512913. JSTOR 1512913. S2CID 191619204.
^ abHoward, Deborah (1992). "Elsheimer's Flight into Egypt and the Night Sky in the Renaissance". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte. 55 (2): 212–224. doi:10.2307/1482611. JSTOR 1482611.
^'Galileo, Courtier: RRThe Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism', Mario Biagioli, University of Chicago Press, 1993.
^Mahon, Denis (January 1990). "The Singing 'Lute-Player' by Caravaggio from the Barberini Collection, Painted for Cardinal Del Monte". The Burlington Magazine. 132 (1042): 4–20+22–23. JSTOR 884128.
francesco, maria, monte, full, name, francesco, maria, bourbon, monte, santa, maria, july, 1549, august, 1627, italian, cardinal, diplomat, connoisseur, arts, fame, today, rests, early, patronage, important, baroque, master, caravaggio, collection, monte, coll. Francesco Maria del Monte full name Francesco Maria Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria 5 July 1549 27 August 1627 was an Italian cardinal diplomat and connoisseur of the arts 1 His fame today rests on his early patronage of the important Baroque master Caravaggio and on his art collection the del Monte collection which provides provenance for many important works of the period Portrait of Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte by Ottavio Leoni Contents 1 Career 2 Patron of science and art 3 Selected art from his collection 4 ReferencesCareer edit nbsp Palazzo Madama Cardinal del Monte s palace in Rome Born in Venice of the aristocratic del Monte family of Tuscan origin which provided several cardinals to the church he was the son of Marquis Ranieri Bourbon del Monte first Count of Monte Baroccio and Minerva Pianosa He began his ecclesiastical career as Abbot commendatario of Santa Croce a Monte Fabali He then went to Rome when he was still quite young and was appointed as auditor for Cardinal Alessandro Sforza before being finally admitted into the court of Cardinal Ferdinando de Medici He made his way up through the clerical ranks as Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace 1580 and later went to serve the grand duke of Tuscany the former Cardinal Ferdinando de Medici He was created cardinal deacon in the consistory of 14 December 1588 under Pope Sixtus V and received the deaconry of S Maria in Domnica the following year He took part in the two conclaves of 1590 Papal Conclave of September 1590 and the Papal Conclave of Autumn 1590 the conclave of 1591 and the conclave of 1592 He subsequently took the titles of Santa Maria in Aracoeli Santa Maria in Trastevere and S Lorenzo in Lucina 2 As a cardinal he proved an accomplished diplomat and administrator he represented the interests of the Grand Duke of Tuscany the former Cardinal Ferdinando de Medici in Rome and was firmly but discreetly pro French in the ongoing struggle between the French and Spanish for influence over the papacy He served as Prefect of the Tridentine Council 1606 to 1616 and as Bishop of Palestrina from 1615 to 1621 He participated in the Papal Conclave of 1621 and had ambitions of being elected Pope but his pro French sympathies ensured his veto by the Spanish 3 Academics such as Posner Frommel and Hibbard have drawn upon extant documents principally the correspondence of Dirk van Ameyden that suggest the strong likelihood that he was homosexual 4 and this may have influenced his tastes in the art he commissioned including those by Caravaggio as well as damaging prospects of assuming the papacy Van Ameyden mischievously painted a portrait in words of a man that seemed to display more than a paternal care for the boys in his charge But Graham Dixon argues that such accusations seem deliberately to have been cast by the pro Spanish Ameyden against the pro French Del Monte in order to discredit him and bear little real scrutiny Besides which there is better evidence that Del Monte had courted women in his youth 5 6 In short the most honest and impartial scholarly conclusion about Del Monte s sexuality is that just as we currently do not have grounds to prove his homosexuality we likewise do not have grounds to absolutely exclude that possibility He died in his Rome palace the Palazzo Madama today the home of the Italian Senate and was buried in the church of Sant Urbano Rome 7 Patron of science and art edit nbsp The Portland Vase The epitaph on Del Monte s tomb describes him as an excellent patron of the good arts 7 Del Monte was a perceptive supporter of the arts and sciences he was the first recorded owner of the Portland Vase and his Palazzo Madama household was one of the most important intellectual salons in Rome At his death his art collection contained more than six hundred paintings and his support of the young Caravaggio has given provenance to several of that artist s early works Together with his brother he helped Galileo win a lectureship in mathematics in Pisa in 1589 and in Padua in 1592 In the wake of Galileo s discovery of the Medicean Planets he gave the Cardinal a copy of his Sidereus Nuncius Sidereal message and a telescope as gifts in 1610 8 When Galileo went to Rome in 1611 Grand Duke Cosimo II recommended him to the Cardinal s council so that he could be helped during his sojourn at the Vatican 9 Del Monte was a patron of German painter Adam Elsheimer 8 and Andrea Sacchi 7 Selected art from his collection edit nbsp Caravaggio The Lute Player oil on canvas 94 119 cm Hermitage Museum Saint Petersburg 10 nbsp Caravaggio The Musicians oil on canvas 92 118 5 cm The Metropolitan Museum of Art nbsp Caravaggio Saint Catherine of Alexandria oil on canvas 173 x 133 cm Museo Thyssen Bornemisza Madrid nbsp Caravaggio Bacchus oil on canvas 85 95 cm Uffizi Gallery Florence nbsp Caravaggio The Fortune Teller oil on canvas 93 131 cm Louvre Paris nbsp Caravaggio The Cardsharps oil on canvas 94 131 cm Kimbell Art Museum Fort WorthReferences edit Miranda Salvador BOURBON DEL MONTE Francesco Maria 1549 1626 The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Florida International University Libraries OCLC 53276621 Cheney David M Francesco Maria Cardinal Bourbon Del Monte Santa Maria Catholic Hierarchy org self published Clovis Whitfield The Camerino of Cardinal del Monte Paragone LIX n 77 2008 pp 3 38 Encyclopaedia of Gay Lesbian Bisexual Transgender and Queer Culture Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Patronage I The Western World from Ancient Greece until 1900 D Posener Caravaggio s early homo erotic works Art Quarterly 24 1976 301 26 C Frommer Caravaggio s fruhwerk und der Kardinal del Monte Storia dell arte 9 10 1971 5 29 Howard Hibbard Caravaggio 1983 ISBN 978 0 06 433322 1 Graham Dixon Andrew 2011 Caravaggio A Life Sacred and Profane Penguin Books Limited ISBN 9780241954645 a b c Camiz Franca Trinchieri 1991 Music and Painting in Cardinal del Monte s Household Metropolitan Museum Journal 26 213 226 doi 10 2307 1512913 JSTOR 1512913 S2CID 191619204 a b Howard Deborah 1992 Elsheimer s Flight into Egypt and the Night Sky in the Renaissance Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte 55 2 212 224 doi 10 2307 1482611 JSTOR 1482611 Galileo Courtier RRThe Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism Mario Biagioli University of Chicago Press 1993 Mahon Denis January 1990 The Singing Lute Player by Caravaggio from the Barberini Collection Painted for Cardinal Del Monte The Burlington Magazine 132 1042 4 20 22 23 JSTOR 884128 Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Catholicism nbsp Italy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francesco Maria del Monte amp oldid 1181100943, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
