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François Chevalier (historian)

January 01, 1970

François Chevalier (27 May 1914 – 6 May 2012) was a distinguished French historian of Latin America.[1][2][3] His most well-known publication is La formation des grands domaines au Mexique (Paris 1952). Translated to Spanish (1956) and English (1963), it is a classic and pioneering work on agrarian history in colonial Mexico, a point of departure for later studies of Mexican haciendas sparking a discussion on whether they were fundamentally feudal or capitalist.

François Chevalier
Born(1914-05-27)27 May 1914
Montluçon, France
Died6 June 2012(2012-06-06) (aged 98)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Scientific career
FieldsHistorian

Education and career edit

Chevalier was a student of geography at the University of Grenoble (1933–36) and alumnus of the École des chartes (1936-40). He became a doctoral student of French historian Marc Bloch and developed interests in accord with the Annales School. During World War II, Chevalier was resident in Madrid at the Casa de Velázquez, with the aid of anthropologist Paul Rivet. In Spain, Chevalier began pursuing his interest in the agrarian history of Mexico using the Archivo General de Indias in Seville. Between 1946 and 1949 he was a fellow of the Instituto Francés de América Latina [es] in Mexico City. During this period he developed his theory concerning the formation of the great landed estates (haciendas) in Mexico. This subject was developed in his doctoral dissertation, directed by Marc Bloch, which he completed in 1949. It was revised for publication in French by the Institut d'ethnologie [fr] in Paris (1952).

Its publication was a major contribution to colonial Mexican history, but with some lacunae.[4] It was translated to Spanish and published in Mexico in 1956.[5] It was edited and translated to English by Alvin Eustin, with an introduction by Lesley Byrd Simpson and published in 1963 as Land and Society in Colonial Mexico: The Great Hacienda. One reviewer faults this English edition for its many omissions of the original French text and that the English translation is not faithful to the French original.[6] Eric Van Young took Chevalier's work as a point of departure for a lengthy discussion of hacienda studies in Mexico.[7]

Chevalier spent considerable time in Mexico. He had contacts with Mexican historians including José Miranda, Ernesto de la Torre Villar [es], Luis Chávez Orozco [es], and Wigberto Jiménez [es] Moreno as well as intellectuals visiting Mexico, including Woodrow Borah, Marcel Bataillon, Rolando Mellafe [es], and Claude Dumas. While in Mexico, Chevalier worked in the Archivo general de la Nación and in regional archives in Guadalajara, Zacatecas, Monterrey, and Puebla. He and his wife Josèphe Chevalier frequently hosted meals and parties for friends and visitors. In a festschrift for Chevalier, an article is devoted to this aspect of his personal life.[8]

He traveled extensively in Mexico, with some journeys on a Harley Davidson motorcycle that he rode in a suit and tie. He visited the isthmus of Tehuantepec, coast of Michoacan, and the highlands of Jalisco, as well as Veracruz, Puebla, Nayarit, and Aguascalientes. During his travels and researches, he accumulated a huge personal archive of photos and notes, which became the basis for his book Viajes y Pasiones.[9]

He returned to France in 1962, where at the time there was little interest in Latin America. With the help of Hispanist Noel Salomon [es], the Spanish literature department at the University of Bordeaux hired Chevalier. He taught courses on Mexico from the prehispanic period to the Mexican Revolution, especially emphasizing issues of land tenure. Between 1962 and 1966, he directed the Institut français des Études andines, traveling to the Andean countries frequently and he collected material for his personal archive-library.[10] In 1969 he had a position at the University of Paris 1, Pantheon-Sorbonne, where he remained until his retirement in 1983.

He had accumulated a huge personal library and archive of materials from Mexico and the Andes, which he donated in his 90s to the Centre de recherches d'histoire de l'Amérique latine et du Monde ibérique (CRALMI) de la Université de Paris I (Panthéon- Sorbonne).[11] A published inventory of the archival materials, photos, and documents appears in the 2005 festschrift.[12]

He died in Paris on 6 June 2012.[contradictory]

Impact of Chevalier's work edit

Chevalier's publication on the development of the great landed estate in colonial Mexico grew out of his doctoral dissertation under the direction of Marc Bloch. When it was published, it was recognized as a major contribution to Mexican history. Relatively few works in French at the time were translated to Spanish or English, but Chevalier's merited having a wide scholarly readership and was translated into both.

Chevalier's publication built on earlier work by Mexican historians, such as Silvio Zavala, Jesús Silva Herzog, and others, but his book applied the model of the medieval landed estates in France, "emphasizing the politico-institutional dimension highlighted by his own teacher, Marc Bloch."[13] Chevalier viewed the landed estate's development by elites was as much as anything a "psychological" impetus, to show one's status whether or not the estate was profitable.[14]

In 1983, Van Young wrote a major historiographical article taking Chevalier's work as the point of departure, saying that "Thirty years ago, François Chevalier told us everything we had always wanted to hear about "men rich and powerful" and the classical Mexican hacienda... Chevalier, with his painstaking approach to masses of previously unexploited documentation, who brought the great hacienda down from the level of abstraction to that of historical reality."[15]

Chevalier's book set in motion scholarly activity investigating the hacienda in Mexico. Historian Charles Gibson in his magnum opus The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule (1964),[16] called for more research to test Chevalier's hypothesis that the hacienda was a basically feudal enterprise using debt peonage labor. Gibson's doctoral student William B. Taylor examined colonial Oaxaca land tenure patterns and showed that indigenous communities held significant amounts of land, a counter-example to patterns of the Catholic church and colonial elites' accumulation of land.[17]

Honors and recognition edit

  • Corresponding member of the Spanish Real Academia de la Historia
  • Corresponding member of the Academia Mexicana de la Historia
  • Awarded the "Medalla 1808" by the Government of Mexico City
  • Exhibition in his honor, 2012 Mexican Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia of a selection of his photos taken during his travels in Mexico.[18]
  • Colloquium in his honor 2007 "The schools of historiography of France and Mexico: circulation, reception, and debates: Homage to François Chevalier. " at the Instituto Francés de América Latina (IFAL)
  • Colloquium in his honor, 1990, Universidad de Guadalajara "Las Formas y las políticas del dominio agrario: homenaje a François Chevalier", 1990. "Memorias" from the colloquium were published in 1992.[19]

Publications edit

  • La formation des grands domaines au Mexique (terre et société aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles), Paris, Institut d'ethnologie, Paris, 1952. New expanded edition in French, Karthala, 2006.
  • Formación de los latifundios en México : tierra y sociedad en los Siglos XVI y XVII, trad. de Antonio Alatorre, México : Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1976. (2a. ed., con nueva introducción del autor, 1976; 3a.ed., 1999). Chevalier updated the introduction and bibliography for the 1999 edition.
  • Land and Society in Colonial Mexico: The Great Hacienda, edited and translated by Alvis Eustin, prologue by Lesley Byrd Simpson, University of California Press, 1963.
  • L'Amérique latine de l'Indépendance à nos jours, Paris, PUF- Nouvelle Clio, 1977. (2a.ed., 1993).
  • América Latina : de la Independencia a nuestros días, México : Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1999,
  • (with Javier Perez Siller), Viajes y pasiones. Imágenes y recuerdos del México rural, México: IFAL - CEMCA - Fondo de Cultura Económica, México : Instituto francés de América latina, 1998.

References edit

  1. ^ El Universal, Mexico City. (Monday 11 June 2012). "FCE lamenta el deceso del historiador François Chevalier"
  2. ^ Sergio Valerio Ulloa, "François Chevalier (1914-2012). La historia agraria y los latifundios en México", en Letras Históricas, no.7, otoño 2012-invierno 2013, p. 229-231.
  3. ^ "François Chevalier (1914-2012)" obituary by Bernard Lavallé, Caravelle n° 100, juin 2013, p. 321- 325
  4. ^ Lesley Byrd Simpson [de], Review, Hispanic American Historical Review vol. 33,, February 1953, 108-113
  5. ^ A review by Woodrow Borah Hispanic American Historical Review Vol. 37, November 1957, 504-506.
  6. ^ Howard F. Cline, review Hispanic American Historical Review vol. 45, No. 3 (August 1965), pp. 480-482.
  7. ^ Eric Van Young, "Mexican Rural History Since Chevalier: The Historiography of the Colonial Hacienda," Latin American Research Review, 18 (3) 1983; 5-62.
  8. ^ Mona Huerta and Véronique Hébard, "D'une table à l'autre: la sociabilité des Chevalier", in Sur les traces d'un mexicaniste français. Edited by Véronique Hébard. Éditions Karthala, Paris 2005, pp. 231-266.
  9. ^ François Chevalier, Viajes y pasiones, voyages et passions… Images et souvenirs du Mexique rural (with Javier Pérez Siller. Mexico: IFA-CEMCA-Fondo de Cultura 1998.
  10. ^ Gérard Borras, "Le fonds Andin de la Bibliothèque François Chevalier" in Sur les traces d'un mexicaniste français : Constitution et analyse du fonds François Chevalier. Éditions Karthala 2005, pp. 69-78
  11. ^ Véronique Hebrard (coord.). Sur les traces d'un mexicaniste français : Constitution et analyse du fonds François Chevalier. Éditions Karthala 2005
  12. ^ "Archives et documents" in Sur les traces d'un mexicaniste français. Éditions Karthala 2005, pp. 281-307.
  13. ^ Eric Van Young, "Rural History," p. 330 fn. 9.
  14. ^ Chevalier, La formation des grands domains au Mexique, p. 231.
  15. ^ Eric Van Young, "Mexican Rural History Since Chevalier: The Historiography of the Colonial Hacienda," Latin American Research Review, 18 (3) 1983; 5-62. Quotation is on pp. 8-9.
  16. ^ Charles Gibson, The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964.
  17. ^ William B. Taylor, Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1972.
  18. ^ Plano Informativo. "INAH presentará exposición de "Viajes y Pasiones de México".
  19. ^ Ricardo Ávila Palafox, Carlos R. Martínez Assad, Jean A. Meyer (1992). Universidad de Guadalajara, ed. Las Formas y las políticas del dominio agrario: homenaje a François Chevalier. Guadalajara.

January 01, 1970
françois, chevalier, historian, françois, chevalier, 1914, 2012, distinguished, french, historian, latin, america, most, well, known, publication, formation, grands, domaines, mexique, paris, 1952, translated, spanish, 1956, english, 1963, classic, pioneering,. Francois Chevalier 27 May 1914 6 May 2012 was a distinguished French historian of Latin America 1 2 3 His most well known publication is La formation des grands domaines au Mexique Paris 1952 Translated to Spanish 1956 and English 1963 it is a classic and pioneering work on agrarian history in colonial Mexico a point of departure for later studies of Mexican haciendas sparking a discussion on whether they were fundamentally feudal or capitalist Francois ChevalierBorn 1914 05 27 27 May 1914Montlucon FranceDied6 June 2012 2012 06 06 aged 98 Paris FranceNationalityFrenchScientific careerFieldsHistorian Contents 1 Education and career 2 Impact of Chevalier s work 3 Honors and recognition 4 Publications 5 ReferencesEducation and career editChevalier was a student of geography at the University of Grenoble 1933 36 and alumnus of the Ecole des chartes 1936 40 He became a doctoral student of French historian Marc Bloch and developed interests in accord with the Annales School During World War II Chevalier was resident in Madrid at the Casa de Velazquez with the aid of anthropologist Paul Rivet In Spain Chevalier began pursuing his interest in the agrarian history of Mexico using the Archivo General de Indias in Seville Between 1946 and 1949 he was a fellow of the Instituto Frances de America Latina es in Mexico City During this period he developed his theory concerning the formation of the great landed estates haciendas in Mexico This subject was developed in his doctoral dissertation directed by Marc Bloch which he completed in 1949 It was revised for publication in French by the Institut d ethnologie fr in Paris 1952 Its publication was a major contribution to colonial Mexican history but with some lacunae 4 It was translated to Spanish and published in Mexico in 1956 5 It was edited and translated to English by Alvin Eustin with an introduction by Lesley Byrd Simpson and published in 1963 as Land and Society in Colonial Mexico The Great Hacienda One reviewer faults this English edition for its many omissions of the original French text and that the English translation is not faithful to the French original 6 Eric Van Young took Chevalier s work as a point of departure for a lengthy discussion of hacienda studies in Mexico 7 Chevalier spent considerable time in Mexico He had contacts with Mexican historians including Jose Miranda Ernesto de la Torre Villar es Luis Chavez Orozco es and Wigberto Jimenez es Moreno as well as intellectuals visiting Mexico including Woodrow Borah Marcel Bataillon Rolando Mellafe es and Claude Dumas While in Mexico Chevalier worked in the Archivo general de la Nacion and in regional archives in Guadalajara Zacatecas Monterrey and Puebla He and his wife Josephe Chevalier frequently hosted meals and parties for friends and visitors In a festschrift for Chevalier an article is devoted to this aspect of his personal life 8 He traveled extensively in Mexico with some journeys on a Harley Davidson motorcycle that he rode in a suit and tie He visited the isthmus of Tehuantepec coast of Michoacan and the highlands of Jalisco as well as Veracruz Puebla Nayarit and Aguascalientes During his travels and researches he accumulated a huge personal archive of photos and notes which became the basis for his book Viajes y Pasiones 9 He returned to France in 1962 where at the time there was little interest in Latin America With the help of Hispanist Noel Salomon es the Spanish literature department at the University of Bordeaux hired Chevalier He taught courses on Mexico from the prehispanic period to the Mexican Revolution especially emphasizing issues of land tenure Between 1962 and 1966 he directed the Institut francais des Etudes andines traveling to the Andean countries frequently and he collected material for his personal archive library 10 In 1969 he had a position at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne where he remained until his retirement in 1983 He had accumulated a huge personal library and archive of materials from Mexico and the Andes which he donated in his 90s to the Centre de recherches d histoire de l Amerique latine et du Monde iberique CRALMI de la Universite de Paris I Pantheon Sorbonne 11 A published inventory of the archival materials photos and documents appears in the 2005 festschrift 12 He died in Paris on 6 June 2012 contradictory Impact of Chevalier s work editChevalier s publication on the development of the great landed estate in colonial Mexico grew out of his doctoral dissertation under the direction of Marc Bloch When it was published it was recognized as a major contribution to Mexican history Relatively few works in French at the time were translated to Spanish or English but Chevalier s merited having a wide scholarly readership and was translated into both Chevalier s publication built on earlier work by Mexican historians such as Silvio Zavala Jesus Silva Herzog and others but his book applied the model of the medieval landed estates in France emphasizing the politico institutional dimension highlighted by his own teacher Marc Bloch 13 Chevalier viewed the landed estate s development by elites was as much as anything a psychological impetus to show one s status whether or not the estate was profitable 14 In 1983 Van Young wrote a major historiographical article taking Chevalier s work as the point of departure saying that Thirty years ago Francois Chevalier told us everything we had always wanted to hear about men rich and powerful and the classical Mexican hacienda Chevalier with his painstaking approach to masses of previously unexploited documentation who brought the great hacienda down from the level of abstraction to that of historical reality 15 Chevalier s book set in motion scholarly activity investigating the hacienda in Mexico Historian Charles Gibson in his magnum opus The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule 1964 16 called for more research to test Chevalier s hypothesis that the hacienda was a basically feudal enterprise using debt peonage labor Gibson s doctoral student William B Taylor examined colonial Oaxaca land tenure patterns and showed that indigenous communities held significant amounts of land a counter example to patterns of the Catholic church and colonial elites accumulation of land 17 Honors and recognition editCorresponding member of the Spanish Real Academia de la Historia Corresponding member of the Academia Mexicana de la Historia Awarded the Medalla 1808 by the Government of Mexico City Exhibition in his honor 2012 Mexican Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia of a selection of his photos taken during his travels in Mexico 18 Colloquium in his honor 2007 The schools of historiography of France and Mexico circulation reception and debates Homage to Francois Chevalier at the Instituto Frances de America Latina IFAL Colloquium in his honor 1990 Universidad de Guadalajara Las Formas y las politicas del dominio agrario homenaje a Francois Chevalier 1990 Memorias from the colloquium were published in 1992 19 Publications editLa formation des grands domaines au Mexique terre et societe aux XVIe et XVIIe siecles Paris Institut d ethnologie Paris 1952 New expanded edition in French Karthala 2006 Formacion de los latifundios en Mexico tierra y sociedad en los Siglos XVI y XVII trad de Antonio Alatorre Mexico Fondo de Cultura Economica 1976 2a ed con nueva introduccion del autor 1976 3a ed 1999 Chevalier updated the introduction and bibliography for the 1999 edition Land and Society in Colonial Mexico The Great Hacienda edited and translated by Alvis Eustin prologue by Lesley Byrd Simpson University of California Press 1963 L Amerique latine de l Independance a nos jours Paris PUF Nouvelle Clio 1977 2a ed 1993 America Latina de la Independencia a nuestros dias Mexico Fondo de Cultura Economica 1999 with Javier Perez Siller Viajes y pasiones Imagenes y recuerdos del Mexico rural Mexico IFAL CEMCA Fondo de Cultura Economica Mexico Instituto frances de America latina 1998 References edit El Universal Mexico City Monday 11 June 2012 FCE lamenta el deceso del historiador Francois Chevalier Sergio Valerio Ulloa Francois Chevalier 1914 2012 La historia agraria y los latifundios en Mexico en Letras Historicas no 7 otono 2012 invierno 2013 p 229 231 Francois Chevalier 1914 2012 obituary by Bernard Lavalle Caravelle n 100 juin 2013 p 321 325 Lesley Byrd Simpson de Review Hispanic American Historical Review vol 33 February 1953 108 113 A review by Woodrow Borah Hispanic American Historical Review Vol 37 November 1957 504 506 Howard F Cline review Hispanic American Historical Review vol 45 No 3 August 1965 pp 480 482 Eric Van Young Mexican Rural History Since Chevalier The Historiography of the Colonial Hacienda Latin American Research Review 18 3 1983 5 62 Mona Huerta and Veronique Hebard D une table a l autre la sociabilite des Chevalier in Sur les traces d un mexicaniste francais Edited by Veronique Hebard Editions Karthala Paris 2005 pp 231 266 Francois Chevalier Viajes y pasiones voyages et passions Images et souvenirs du Mexique rural with Javier Perez Siller Mexico IFA CEMCA Fondo de Cultura 1998 Gerard Borras Le fonds Andin de la Bibliotheque Francois Chevalier in Sur les traces d un mexicaniste francais Constitution et analyse du fonds Francois Chevalier Editions Karthala 2005 pp 69 78 Veronique Hebrard coord Sur les traces d un mexicaniste francais Constitution et analyse du fonds Francois Chevalier Editions Karthala 2005 Archives et documents in Sur les traces d un mexicaniste francais Editions Karthala 2005 pp 281 307 Eric Van Young Rural History p 330 fn 9 Chevalier La formation des grands domains au Mexique p 231 Eric Van Young Mexican Rural History Since Chevalier The Historiography of the Colonial Hacienda Latin American Research Review 18 3 1983 5 62 Quotation is on pp 8 9 Charles Gibson The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule Stanford Stanford University Press 1964 William B Taylor Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca Stanford Stanford University Press 1972 Plano Informativo INAH presentara exposicion de Viajes y Pasiones de Mexico Ricardo Avila Palafox Carlos R Martinez Assad Jean A Meyer 1992 Universidad de Guadalajara ed Las Formas y las politicas del dominio agrario homenaje a Francois Chevalier Guadalajara Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francois Chevalier historian amp oldid 1169873015, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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