Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa (Nepali: नेपालभाषाका चार स्तम्भ, Newar: नेपाल भाषाया प्यंगः थां) are the four leaders who spearheaded the campaign to revive the Newar language and its literature during the repressive Rana regime,[1] and guided its renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century.[2]
Nisthananda Bajracharya
Siddhidas Mahaju
Jagat Sundar Malla
Yogbir Singh Kansakar
They produced literature at the risk of personal freedom and laid the foundation for the development of modern Nepal Bhasa. Their work marks the beginning of the Nepal Bhasa movement in Kathmandu, which has led to greater rights in education, the media and official recognition.
The four figures honored as the four pillars of the Nepal Bhasa renaissance are author Nisthananda Bajracharya, poet Siddhidas Mahaju, educationist Jagat Sundar Malla and poet Yogbir Singh Kansakar.
Nisthananda Bajracharya (1858 - 1935) marked a turning point by breaking away from the classical style and writing prose in colloquial language. In 1909, Bajracharya published Ek Bishanti Prajnaparamita, the first book in Nepal Bhasa to be printed with moveable type. Lalita Vistara, his most famous work which is based on the Buddha's life story, and Swayambhu Purana were published in 1914.[3][4]
Siddhidas Mahaju
Siddhidas Mahaju (alternative name: Siddhidas Amatya) (1867 - 1929) was at the forefront in the endeavour to revive literature in Nepal Bhasa. He has been honored with the title Great Poet. Mahaju wrote more than 44 books of poetry, epics, short stories and essays. Sajjan Hridayabharan, a book of poems on morals which came out in 1920, was the only one published during his lifetime. Mahaju composed Siddhi Ramayana, a translation of the epic Ramayana in Nepal Bhasa, in 1913.[5][6]
Jagat Sundar Malla
Jagat Sundar Malla (1882 - 1952) was a teacher and writer who dedicated his life to the education of the common people. In 1913, Malla opened a school in his home defying government disapproval. He stressed the importance of learning English, and he wrote and published textbooks in Nepalese languages as he believed that children learn faster if they are taught in their mother tongue.[7][8]
Yogbir Singh Kansakar
Yogbir Singh Kansakar (alternative name: Jogbir Singh Kansakar) (1885 - 1942) was a poet and social reformer who worked to develop his mother tongue. In 1929, Kansakar headed a committee which petitioned the prime minister to be allowed to open a library for which he was arrested and fined. He has also been publicly flogged for his reformist activities.[9] An anthology of Kansakar's poems entitled Yog-Sudha was published by Nepal Bhasa Parishad in 1951.[10]
References
^Lienhard, Siegfried (1992). Songs of Nepal: An Anthology of Nevar Folksongs and Hymns. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. ISBN81-208-0963-7. Page 1.
^Shrestha, Durga Lal (2000). Twists and turns: A pick of Durga Lal Shrestha's poems. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point. Page viii.
^LeVine, Sarah and Gellner, David N. (2005) Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Harvard University Press. ISBN978-0-674-01908-9. Page 258. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
^Gellner, David N. "Language, Caste, Religion and Territory: Newar Identity Ancient and Modern". Retrieved 9 October 2012. Page 129.
^"Contributions to Nepalese Studies, Volume 22". Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University. 1995. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help) Page 74.
^Tuladhar, Prem Shanti (2000). Nepal Bhasa Sahityaya Itihas: The History of Nepalbhasa Literature. Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. ISBN99933-56-00-X. Page 84.
^Adams, Barbara (2004). "Master Jagat Sundar Malla: A prophet before his time". Barbara's Nepal. Adroit Pub. Retrieved 9 October 2012.ISBN8187392444.
^Hoek, Bert van den; Shrestha, Bal Gopal (January 1995). "Education in the Mother Tongue: The Case of Nepal Bhasa" (PDF). CNAS Journal. Retrieved 9 October 2012. Page 74.
^Sthavir, Dharmalok (1 December 1977). "A Journey to Great China". Regmi Research Series. Regmi Research. Retrieved 30 March 2012. Pages 35-36.
^Dali, Indira (1991). "Libraries and information centres" (PDF). Libraries and information centres in Nepal: CEDA library and documentation branch. Singapore: Asian Mass Communication Research & Information Centre. Retrieved 9 October 2012. Page 17.
four, pillars, nepal, bhasa, nepali, लभ, तम, newar, four, leaders, spearheaded, campaign, revive, newar, language, literature, during, repressive, rana, regime, guided, renaissance, beginning, 20th, century, nisthananda, bajracharyasiddhidas, mahaju, jagat, su. Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa Nepali न प लभ ष क च र स तम भ Newar न प ल भ ष य प य ग थ are the four leaders who spearheaded the campaign to revive the Newar language and its literature during the repressive Rana regime 1 and guided its renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century 2 Nisthananda BajracharyaSiddhidas Mahaju Jagat Sundar MallaYogbir Singh Kansakar They produced literature at the risk of personal freedom and laid the foundation for the development of modern Nepal Bhasa Their work marks the beginning of the Nepal Bhasa movement in Kathmandu which has led to greater rights in education the media and official recognition The four figures honored as the four pillars of the Nepal Bhasa renaissance are author Nisthananda Bajracharya poet Siddhidas Mahaju educationist Jagat Sundar Malla and poet Yogbir Singh Kansakar Contents 1 Nisthananda Bajracharya 2 Siddhidas Mahaju 3 Jagat Sundar Malla 4 Yogbir Singh Kansakar 5 References 6 See alsoNisthananda Bajracharya EditNisthananda Bajracharya 1858 1935 marked a turning point by breaking away from the classical style and writing prose in colloquial language In 1909 Bajracharya published Ek Bishanti Prajnaparamita the first book in Nepal Bhasa to be printed with moveable type Lalita Vistara his most famous work which is based on the Buddha s life story and Swayambhu Purana were published in 1914 3 4 Siddhidas Mahaju EditSiddhidas Mahaju alternative name Siddhidas Amatya 1867 1929 was at the forefront in the endeavour to revive literature in Nepal Bhasa He has been honored with the title Great Poet Mahaju wrote more than 44 books of poetry epics short stories and essays Sajjan Hridayabharan a book of poems on morals which came out in 1920 was the only one published during his lifetime Mahaju composed Siddhi Ramayana a translation of the epic Ramayana in Nepal Bhasa in 1913 5 6 Jagat Sundar Malla EditJagat Sundar Malla 1882 1952 was a teacher and writer who dedicated his life to the education of the common people In 1913 Malla opened a school in his home defying government disapproval He stressed the importance of learning English and he wrote and published textbooks in Nepalese languages as he believed that children learn faster if they are taught in their mother tongue 7 8 Yogbir Singh Kansakar EditYogbir Singh Kansakar alternative name Jogbir Singh Kansakar 1885 1942 was a poet and social reformer who worked to develop his mother tongue In 1929 Kansakar headed a committee which petitioned the prime minister to be allowed to open a library for which he was arrested and fined He has also been publicly flogged for his reformist activities 9 An anthology of Kansakar s poems entitled Yog Sudha was published by Nepal Bhasa Parishad in 1951 10 References Edit Lienhard Siegfried 1992 Songs of Nepal An Anthology of Nevar Folksongs and Hymns New Delhi Motilal Banarsidas ISBN 81 208 0963 7 Page 1 Shrestha Durga Lal 2000 Twists and turns A pick of Durga Lal Shrestha s poems Kathmandu Mandala Book Point Page viii LeVine Sarah and Gellner David N 2005 Rebuilding Buddhism The Theravada Movement in Twentieth Century Nepal Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01908 9 Page 258 Retrieved 9 October 2012 Gellner David N Language Caste Religion and Territory Newar Identity Ancient and Modern Retrieved 9 October 2012 Page 129 Contributions to Nepalese Studies Volume 22 Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies Tribhuvan University 1995 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty url help Page 74 Tuladhar Prem Shanti 2000 Nepal Bhasa Sahityaya Itihas The History of Nepalbhasa Literature Kathmandu Nepal Bhasa Academy ISBN 99933 56 00 X Page 84 Adams Barbara 2004 Master Jagat Sundar Malla A prophet before his time Barbara s Nepal Adroit Pub Retrieved 9 October 2012 ISBN 8187392444 Hoek Bert van den Shrestha Bal Gopal January 1995 Education in the Mother Tongue The Case of Nepal Bhasa PDF CNAS Journal Retrieved 9 October 2012 Page 74 Sthavir Dharmalok 1 December 1977 A Journey to Great China Regmi Research Series Regmi Research Retrieved 30 March 2012 Pages 35 36 Dali Indira 1991 Libraries and information centres PDF Libraries and information centres in Nepal CEDA library and documentation branch Singapore Asian Mass Communication Research amp Information Centre Retrieved 9 October 2012 Page 17 See also EditNepal Bhasa movement Nepal Bhasa literature Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa amp oldid 1113592383, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
