A fjard (Swedish: fjärd, IPA: [ˈfjæːɖ]) is a large open space of water between groups of islands or mainland in archipelagos. Fjards can be found along sea coasts, in freshwater lakes or rivers. Fjard and fjord were originally the same word with the general meaning of sailable waterway. In Scandinavia, fjords dominate along the North Sea coast while fjards dominate the Baltic Sea coast.
Although fjards and fjords are similar in that they are a glacially-formed topography, they still differ in some key ways:
Fjords are characterized by steep high relief cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels.
Fjards are a glacial depression or valley that has much lower relief than a fjord. Fjards fill with eroded local materials which assists "filling" along with rising sea level since the last ice age contributing as well. Other low relief landforms that are only associated with fjards such as mud flats, salt marshes, and flood plains[1] further characterize the difference between fjords and fjards.
"Förden" of the German coast and the fjords of Danish eastern Jutland together form a third type of glacial inlets. They tend to occur along older 'beheaded' river channels and open into the tideless Baltic sea.
Rias are drowned valleys, such as the estuaries of Thames, Severn and Humber, firths of Tay and Forth.
^ABPmer and HR Wallingford. 2007. Understanding and Managing Morphological Change in Estuaries, Ch. 3 of The Estuary-Guide: A website based overview of how to identify and predict morphological change within estuaries., Joint Defra/EA Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R&D Programme. UK Department for Environment, Food, and Public Affairs.
^ abcdef(PDF) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/602d71ce8fa8f54332e9ff06/Development_and_Demonstration_of_Systems_Based_Estuary_Simulators_-technical_Report.pdf. Retrieved 14 August 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^Bird, E.C.F., 2008, Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. West Sussex, England. ISBN978-0-470-51729-1
^Cooper, J. A. G. (2006). "Geomorphology of Irish estuaries: inherited and dynamic controls". Journal of Coastal Research: 176–180. JSTOR 25741557.
^Jackson, J.A., 1997, Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute. Alexandria, Virginia. ISBN0-922152-34-9
^Goudie, A., 2004, Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. London, England. ISBN0-415-27298-X
January 04, 2023
fjard, fjard, swedish, fjärd, ˈfjæːɖ, large, open, space, water, between, groups, islands, mainland, archipelagos, found, along, coasts, freshwater, lakes, rivers, fjord, were, originally, same, word, with, general, meaning, sailable, waterway, scandinavia, fj. A fjard Swedish fjard IPA ˈfjaeːɖ is a large open space of water between groups of islands or mainland in archipelagos Fjards can be found along sea coasts in freshwater lakes or rivers Fjard and fjord were originally the same word with the general meaning of sailable waterway In Scandinavia fjords dominate along the North Sea coast while fjards dominate the Baltic Sea coast The fjard of Somes Sound Maine USA Contents 1 Fjards vs fjords vs forden vs rias 2 Examples 2 1 Denmark 2 2 Republic of Ireland 2 3 Sweden 2 4 United Kingdom 2 4 1 Scotland 2 4 2 Wales 2 5 United States 3 ReferencesFjards vs fjords vs forden vs rias EditAlthough fjards and fjords are similar in that they are a glacially formed topography they still differ in some key ways Fjords are characterized by steep high relief cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels Fjards are a glacial depression or valley that has much lower relief than a fjord Fjards fill with eroded local materials which assists filling along with rising sea level since the last ice age contributing as well Other low relief landforms that are only associated with fjards such as mud flats salt marshes and flood plains 1 further characterize the difference between fjords and fjards Forden of the German coast and the fjords of Danish eastern Jutland together form a third type of glacial inlets They tend to occur along older beheaded river channels and open into the tideless Baltic sea Rias are drowned valleys such as the estuaries of Thames Severn and Humber firths of Tay and Forth Examples EditDenmark Edit Hjortsholm on the coast of DenmarkRepublic of Ireland Edit Killary Harbour on the west coast of IrelandSweden Edit Kanholmsfjarden in the Stockholm archipelago in SwedenUnited Kingdom Edit Scotland Edit Cree Kirkcudbrighshrie and Wigtownshire 2 Firth of Clyde Dunbartonshire 2 Rough Firth Kirkcudbrightshire 2 Water of Fleet Kirkcudbrightshire 2 Wales Edit Alaw Estuary Anglesey 2 Pwllheli Harbour Caernarfonshire 2 United States Edit Somes Sound in Acadia National Park Maine 3 4 5 6 References Edit ABPmer and HR Wallingford 2007 Understanding and Managing Morphological Change in Estuaries Ch 3 of The Estuary Guide A website based overview of how to identify and predict morphological change within estuaries Joint Defra EA Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R amp D Programme UK Department for Environment Food and Public Affairs a b c d e f PDF https assets publishing service gov uk media 602d71ce8fa8f54332e9ff06 Development and Demonstration of Systems Based Estuary Simulators technical Report pdf Retrieved 14 August 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Bird E C F 2008 Coastal Geomorphology An Introduction 2nd ed John Wiley and Sons Ltd West Sussex England ISBN 978 0 470 51729 1 Cooper J A G 2006 Geomorphology of Irish estuaries inherited and dynamic controls Journal of Coastal Research 176 180 JSTOR 25741557 Jackson J A 1997 Glossary of Geology American Geological Institute Alexandria Virginia ISBN 0 922152 34 9 Goudie A 2004 Encyclopedia of Geomorphology Routledge London England ISBN 0 415 27298 X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fjard amp oldid 1104403426, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
