Filippo Maria Visconti (3 September 1392 – 13 August 1447)[1] was duke of Milan from 1412 to 1447. Known to be cruel and paranoid, but shrewd as a ruler, he went to war in the 1420s with Romagna, Florence and Venice in the Wars in Lombardy, but was eventually forced to accept peace under Pope Martin V. He would return to the offensive again where another peace agreement was required to end the fighting. He married twice, the second in 1428 to Marie, daughter of his ally Amadeus VIII. When he died, he was the last of the Visconti male line and was succeeded by Francesco Sforza, husband to his daughter.
Gian Galeazzo Visconti, with his three sons, presents a model of the Certosa di Pavia to the Virgin (Certosa di Pavia).
Filippo Maria Visconti, who had become nominal ruler of Pavia in 1402, succeeded his assassinated brother Gian Maria Visconti as Duke of Milan in 1412. They were the sons of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Gian Maria's predecessor, by his second wife, Caterina Visconti. From Filippo's marriage to Beatrice Lascaris di Tenda, Countess of Biandrate and the unhappy widow of Facino Cane—the condottiere who had fomented strife between the factions of Filippo's elder brother and his mother, Caterina Visconti, the regent—Filippo Maria received a dowry of nearly half a million florins;[2] but when Beatrice took too great an interest in affairs of state, he accused her of adultery and had her beheaded at the castle of Binasco in 1418.
Cruel, paranoid and extremely sensitive about his ugliness, he was nevertheless a great politician, and by employing such powerful condottieri as Carmagnola, Piccinino—who unsuccessfully led his troops at the Battle of Anghiari, 1440— and Francesco Sforza, he managed to recover the Lombard portion of his father's duchy.[2]
At the death of Giorgio Ordelaffi, lord of Forlì, he took advantage of his guardianship of the boy heir, Tebaldo Ordelaffi, to attempt conquests in Romagna (1423), provoking war with Florence, which could not permit his ambitions to go uncontested. Venice, urged on by Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola, decided to intervene on the side of Florence (1425) and the war spread to Lombardy. In March 1426 Carmagnola fomented riots in Brescia, which he had conquered for Visconti just five years previously. After a long campaign, Venice conquered Brescia, extending its mainland possessions to the western shores of Lake Garda. Filippo Maria unsuccessfully sought imperial aid but was constrained to accept the peace proposed by Pope Martin V, favouring Venice and Carmagnola. The terms were grudgingly accepted in Milan and by the emperor; but hostilities were resumed at the first pretext by Filippo Maria, leading to the defeat of Maclodio (12 October 1427), followed by a more lasting peace signed at Ferrara with the mediation of Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara.
The following year the duke married his second wife Marie of Savoy, Duchess of Milan, daughter of Duke Amadeus VIII of Savoy, a potent ally.[3] With Visconti's support, Amadeus reigned briefly as antipope Felix V from November 1439 to April 1449.
He invited the famous scholar Gasparino Barzizza to establish a school in Milan. Barzizza would also serve as his court orator.
He died in 1447, the last of the Visconti in direct male line, and he was succeeded in the duchy, after the short-lived Ambrosian republic, by Francesco Sforza (1401–1466).[2] In 1441, Francesco married Filippo Maria's only heir, his natural daughter Bianca Maria (1425–1468)[4] by his mistress Agnese del Maino (1401–1465).
^"Oldest Tarot Cards. Origin of Tarot. Research of the history of Tarot". trionfi.com. 17 April 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
Sourcesedit
Marina, Areli (2013). "The Langobard Revival of Matteo il Magno Visconti, Lord of Milan". I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance. 16 (1/2 September). University of Chicago Press: 377–414. doi:10.1086/673405. S2CID 194035594.
Wilkins, David G.; Wilkins, Rebecca L. (1996). The Search for a Patron in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. E. Mellen Press.
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This article is about the 15th century Duke of Milan For the 18th century Archbishop of Milan see Filippo Maria Visconti bishop This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Filippo Maria Visconti 3 September 1392 13 August 1447 1 was duke of Milan from 1412 to 1447 Known to be cruel and paranoid but shrewd as a ruler he went to war in the 1420s with Romagna Florence and Venice in the Wars in Lombardy but was eventually forced to accept peace under Pope Martin V He would return to the offensive again where another peace agreement was required to end the fighting He married twice the second in 1428 to Marie daughter of his ally Amadeus VIII When he died he was the last of the Visconti male line and was succeeded by Francesco Sforza husband to his daughter Filippo Maria ViscontiDuke of MilanPortrait of Filippo Maria Visconti preparatory drawing by Pisanello for the commemorative medal of the DukeDuke of MilanReign16 May 1412 13 August 1447PredecessorGian MariaSuccessorAmbrosian RepublicBorn3 September 1392MilanDied13 August 1447 1447 08 13 aged 54 MilanSpouseBeatrice Lascaris di TendaMarie of SavoyIssue illeg Bianca Maria Duchess of MilanHouseViscontiFatherGian Galeazzo ViscontiMotherCaterina ViscontiContents 1 Biography 2 Art 3 Ancestors 4 See also 5 References 6 SourcesBiography edit nbsp Gian Galeazzo Visconti with his three sons presents a model of the Certosa di Pavia to the Virgin Certosa di Pavia Filippo Maria Visconti who had become nominal ruler of Pavia in 1402 succeeded his assassinated brother Gian Maria Visconti as Duke of Milan in 1412 They were the sons of Gian Galeazzo Visconti Gian Maria s predecessor by his second wife Caterina Visconti From Filippo s marriage to Beatrice Lascaris di Tenda Countess of Biandrate and the unhappy widow of Facino Cane the condottiere who had fomented strife between the factions of Filippo s elder brother and his mother Caterina Visconti the regent Filippo Maria received a dowry of nearly half a million florins 2 but when Beatrice took too great an interest in affairs of state he accused her of adultery and had her beheaded at the castle of Binasco in 1418 Cruel paranoid and extremely sensitive about his ugliness he was nevertheless a great politician and by employing such powerful condottieri as Carmagnola Piccinino who unsuccessfully led his troops at the Battle of Anghiari 1440 and Francesco Sforza he managed to recover the Lombard portion of his father s duchy 2 At the death of Giorgio Ordelaffi lord of Forli he took advantage of his guardianship of the boy heir Tebaldo Ordelaffi to attempt conquests in Romagna 1423 provoking war with Florence which could not permit his ambitions to go uncontested Venice urged on by Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola decided to intervene on the side of Florence 1425 and the war spread to Lombardy In March 1426 Carmagnola fomented riots in Brescia which he had conquered for Visconti just five years previously After a long campaign Venice conquered Brescia extending its mainland possessions to the western shores of Lake Garda Filippo Maria unsuccessfully sought imperial aid but was constrained to accept the peace proposed by Pope Martin V favouring Venice and Carmagnola The terms were grudgingly accepted in Milan and by the emperor but hostilities were resumed at the first pretext by Filippo Maria leading to the defeat of Maclodio 12 October 1427 followed by a more lasting peace signed at Ferrara with the mediation of Niccolo III d Este Marquis of Ferrara The following year the duke married his second wife Marie of Savoy Duchess of Milan daughter of Duke Amadeus VIII of Savoy a potent ally 3 With Visconti s support Amadeus reigned briefly as antipope Felix V from November 1439 to April 1449 He invited the famous scholar Gasparino Barzizza to establish a school in Milan Barzizza would also serve as his court orator He died in 1447 the last of the Visconti in direct male line and he was succeeded in the duchy after the short lived Ambrosian republic by Francesco Sforza 1401 1466 2 In 1441 Francesco married Filippo Maria s only heir his natural daughter Bianca Maria 1425 1468 4 by his mistress Agnese del Maino 1401 1465 nbsp Visconti Sforza tarot deck Art editThe oldest extant Tarot decks then called carte da trionfi were probably commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti 5 Ancestors editAncestors of Filippo Maria Visconti16 Matteo I Visconti 24 8 Stefano Visconti 12 17 Bonacossa Borri 25 4 Galeazzo II Visconti18 Bernabo Doria 26 9 Valentina Doria 13 19 Eliana Fieschi 27 2 Gian Galeazzo Visconti20 Amadeus V Count of Savoy10 Aimone Count of Savoy21 Sybille of Bage5 Bianca of Savoy22 Theodore I Marquess of Montferrat11 Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrato23 Argentina Spinola1 Filippo Maria Visconti24 Matteo I Visconti 16 12 Stefano Visconti 8 25 Bonacossa Borri 17 6 Bernabo Visconti26 Bernabo Doria 18 13 Valentina Doria 9 27 Eliana Fieschi 19 3 Caterina Visconti28 Alboino I della Scala Lord of Verona14 Mastino II della Scala29 Beatrice da Correggio7 Beatrice Regina della Scala30 Jacopo I da Carrara15 Taddea da Carrara31 Anna GradenigoSee also editMontechino Castle Wars in Lombardy Vincenzo Bellini s 1833 opera Beatrice di TendaReferences edit Filippo Maria Visconti Treccani a b c Hayes 1911 Wilkins amp Wilkins 1996 p 107 Marina 2013 p 379 Oldest Tarot Cards Origin of Tarot Research of the history of Tarot trionfi com 17 April 2005 Retrieved 26 July 2016 Sources editMarina Areli 2013 The Langobard Revival of Matteo il Magno Visconti Lord of Milan I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance 16 1 2 September University of Chicago Press 377 414 doi 10 1086 673405 S2CID 194035594 Wilkins David G Wilkins Rebecca L 1996 The Search for a Patron in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance E Mellen Press nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Hayes Carlton Joseph Huntley 1911 Visconti s v Filippo Maria In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 129 Italian nobility Preceded byGian Maria Visconti Duke of Milan1412 1447 VacantAmbrosian RepublicTitle next held byFrancesco I Sforza Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Filippo Maria Visconti amp oldid 1210583727, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
