The 5th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from March 4, 1797, to March 4, 1799, during the first two years of John Adams' presidency. In the context of the Quasi-War with France, the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by Congress. The Acts were overwhelmingly supported by the Federalists and mostly opposed by the Democratic-Republicans. Some Democratic-Republicans, such as Timothy Bloodworth, said they would support formally going to war against France but they opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts which Bloodworth and others believed were unconstitutional.[1]
Special: March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1797 1st: May 15, 1797 – July 10, 1797 2nd: November 13, 1797 – July 16, 1798 Special: July 17, 1798 – July 19, 1798 3rd: December 3, 1798 – March 3, 1799
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1790 United States census. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.
April 7, 1798: Mississippi Organic Act ("An Act for an amicable settlement of limits with the state of Georgia, and authorizing the establishment of a government in the Mississippi territory"), Sess. 2, ch. 28, 1 Stat. 549
July 14, 1798: Alien and Sedition Acts: ("An Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States") (Sedition Act), Sess. 2, ch. 74, 1 Stat. 596
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senateedit
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1802; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1798; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1800.
^ ab When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
Referencesedit
^The Presidency of John Adams by Ralph A. Brown, University Press of Kansas, 1975
^The Reign of Witches: The Struggle Against the Alien and Sedition Laws, 1789-1800 by Elizabeth Lawson
^"Executive Journal (Fourteenth session)". Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America. Library of Congress. June 7, 1797. p. 244.
^ abcdefghijklDate cited is the election date, but the winner in some cases "took" his seat on a later date. See Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External linksedit
Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
April 10, 2024
united, states, congress, meeting, legislative, branch, united, states, federal, government, consisting, united, states, senate, united, states, house, representatives, congress, hall, philadelphia, pennsylvania, from, march, 1797, march, 1799, during, first, . The 5th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania from March 4 1797 to March 4 1799 during the first two years of John Adams presidency In the context of the Quasi War with France the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by Congress The Acts were overwhelmingly supported by the Federalists and mostly opposed by the Democratic Republicans Some Democratic Republicans such as Timothy Bloodworth said they would support formally going to war against France but they opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts which Bloodworth and others believed were unconstitutional 1 5th United States Congress4th 6thCongress Hall 2007 March 4 1797 March 3 1799Members32 senators106 representativesSenate majorityFederalistSenate PresidentThomas Jefferson DR House majorityFederalistHouse SpeakerJonathan Dayton F SessionsSpecial March 4 1797 March 4 17971st May 15 1797 July 10 17972nd November 13 1797 July 16 1798Special July 17 1798 July 19 17983rd December 3 1798 March 3 1799The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1790 United States census Both chambers had a Federalist majority Contents 1 Major events 2 Major legislation 3 Treaties ratified 4 Party summary 4 1 Senate 4 2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5 1 Senate 5 2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6 1 Senate 6 1 1 Connecticut 6 1 2 Delaware 6 1 3 Georgia 6 1 4 Kentucky 6 1 5 Maryland 6 1 6 Massachusetts 6 1 7 New Hampshire 6 1 8 New Jersey 6 1 9 New York 6 1 10 North Carolina 6 1 11 Pennsylvania 6 1 12 Rhode Island 6 1 13 South Carolina 6 1 14 Tennessee 6 1 15 Vermont 6 1 16 Virginia 6 2 House of Representatives 6 2 1 Connecticut 6 2 2 Delaware 6 2 3 Georgia 6 2 4 Kentucky 6 2 5 Maryland 6 2 6 Massachusetts 6 2 7 New Hampshire 6 2 8 New Jersey 6 2 9 New York 6 2 10 North Carolina 6 2 11 Pennsylvania 6 2 12 Rhode Island 6 2 13 South Carolina 6 2 14 Tennessee 6 2 15 Vermont 6 2 16 Virginia 7 Changes in membership 7 1 Senate 7 2 House of Representatives 8 Committees 8 1 Senate 8 2 House of Representatives 8 3 Joint committees 9 Employees 9 1 Senate 9 2 House of Representatives 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links One of the Alien and Sedition ActsMajor events editMain articles 1797 in the United States 1798 in the United States and 1799 in the United States March 4 1797 John Adams became President of the United States July 8 1797 The Senate expelled Tennessee Senator William Blount for conspiring with the British July 11 1798 The United States Marine Corps was established XYZ Affair in the U S followed by naval skirmishes but no war is declared The XYZ affair led to several Democratic Republicans breaking ranks with Thomas Jefferson Jefferson took pains to avoid blaming France for the incident as a result John Hunter Josiah Tattnall Timothy Bloodworth Alexander Martin Lemuel Benton Thomas Sumter William Smith John Milledge Abraham Baldwin Joseph McDowell Matthew Locke Robert Williams Richard Stanford Nathaniel Macon James Gillespie Dempsey Burges Thomas Blount Nathan Bryan John Brown Thomas T Davis John Fowler and Joseph Anderson all publicly broke ranks with Jefferson despite the fact he was the de facto leader of their party and sided with Alexander Hamilton The aforementioned congressmen and senators were referred to by Jefferson as a reign of witches and were described as the Pro British republicans as opposed to the pro French republicans led by Jefferson 2 Major legislation editMain article List of United States federal legislation 5th United States Congress April 7 1798 Mississippi Organic Act An Act for an amicable settlement of limits with the state of Georgia and authorizing the establishment of a government in the Mississippi territory Sess 2 ch 28 1 Stat 549 April 30 1798 The U S Department of the Navy was established Sess 2 ch 35 1 Stat 553 June 18 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts An Act to establish a uniform rule of naturalization Naturalization Act of 1798 Sess 2 ch 54 1 Stat 566 June 25 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts An Act concerning Aliens Sess 2 ch 58 1 Stat 570 July 6 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts An Act respecting Alien Enemies Sess 2 ch 66 1 Stat 577 July 9 1798 Act Further to Protect the Commerce of the United States Sess 2 ch 68 1 Stat 578 July 11 1798 The United States Marine Corps was established Sess 2 ch 72 1 Stat 594 July 14 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts An Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States Sedition Act Sess 2 ch 74 1 Stat 596 July 16 1798 Marine Hospital Service Act An Act for the relief of sick and disabled Seamen Sess 2 ch 77 1 Stat 605Treaties ratified editJune 7 1797 Treaty of Tripoli between the United States and Tripoli 3 July 7 1797 Existing treaties with France were rescinded Sess 2 ch 67 1 Stat 578Party summary editDetails on changes are shown below in the Changes in membership section Senate edit Party shading shows control Total VacantDemocratic Republican DR Federalist F End of previous congress11 21 32 0Begin9 22 31 1EndFinal voting share29 0 71 0 Beginning of next congress9 22 31 1House of Representatives edit nbsp Party shading shows control Total VacantDemocratic Republican DR Federalist F End of previous congress59 47 106 0Begin49 56 105 1End501060Final voting share47 2 52 8 Beginning of next congress46 60 106 0 nbsp President of the Senate Thomas JeffersonLeadership editSenate edit President Thomas Jefferson DR President pro tempore William Bradford F elected July 6 1797 Jacob Read F elected November 22 1797 Theodore Sedgwick F elected June 27 1798 John Laurance F elected December 6 1798 James Ross F elected March 1 1799House of Representatives edit Speaker Jonathan Dayton F Members editThis list is arranged by chamber then by state Senators are listed in order of seniority and representatives are listed by district Senate edit Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years with one third beginning new six year terms with each Congress Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers which indicate the cycle of their election In this Congress Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress requiring reelection in 1802 Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress requiring reelection in 1798 and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress requiring reelection in 1800 Skip to House of Representatives belowConnecticut edit 1 James Hillhouse F 3 Uriah Tracy F Delaware edit 1 Henry Latimer F 2 John Vining F until January 19 1798 Joshua Clayton F from January 19 1798 until August 11 1798 William H Wells F from January 17 1799 dd Georgia edit 2 Josiah Tattnall DR 3 James Gunn F Kentucky edit 2 John Brown DR 3 Humphrey Marshall F Maryland edit 1 John Eager Howard F 3 John Henry F until December 10 1797 James Lloyd F from December 11 1797 dd Massachusetts edit 1 Benjamin Goodhue F 2 Theodore Sedgwick F New Hampshire edit 2 Samuel Livermore F 3 John Langdon DR New Jersey edit 1 John Rutherfurd F until November 26 1798 Franklin Davenport F from December 5 1798 dd 2 Richard Stockton F New York edit 1 Philip Schuyler F until January 3 1798 John Sloss Hobart F from January 11 1798 until April 16 1798 William North F from May 5 1798 until August 17 1798 James Watson F from August 17 1798 dd 3 John Laurance F North Carolina edit 2 Alexander Martin DR 3 Timothy Bloodworth DR Pennsylvania edit 1 James Ross F 3 William Bingham F Rhode Island edit 1 Theodore Foster F 2 William Bradford F until October 1797 Ray Greene F from November 13 1797 dd South Carolina edit 2 John Hunter DR until November 26 1798 Charles Pinckney DR from December 6 1798 dd 3 Jacob Read F Tennessee edit 1 William Cocke DR May 15 1797 September 26 1797 Andrew Jackson DR September 26 1797 April 1798 Daniel Smith DR from October 6 1798 dd 2 William Blount DR until July 8 1797 Joseph Anderson DR from September 26 1797 dd Vermont edit 1 Isaac Tichenor F until October 17 1797 Nathaniel Chipman F from October 17 1797 dd 3 Elijah Paine F Virginia edit 1 Stevens Mason DR 2 Henry Tazewell DR until January 24 1799 nbsp Senators party membership by state at the opening of the 5th Congress in March 1797 2 Democratic Republicans 1 Democratic Republican and 1 Federalist 2 Federalists nbsp President pro tempore of the Senate Jacob Read House of Representatives edit Connecticut edit All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket At large John Allen F At large Joshua Coit F until September 5 1798 Jonathan Brace F from December 3 1798 dd At large Samuel W Dana F At large James Davenport F until August 3 1797 William Edmond F from November 13 1797 dd At large Chauncey Goodrich F At large Roger Griswold F At large Nathaniel Smith F Delaware edit At large James A Bayard F Georgia edit Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket At large Abraham Baldwin DR At large John Milledge DR Kentucky edit 1 Thomas T Davis DR 2 John Fowler DR Maryland edit 1 George Dent F 2 Richard Sprigg Jr DR 3 William Craik F 4 George Baer Jr F 5 Samuel Smith DR 6 William Matthews F 7 William Hindman F 8 John Dennis F Massachusetts edit 1 Thomson J Skinner DR 2 William Shepard F 3 Samuel Lyman F 4 Dwight Foster F 5 Nathaniel Freeman Jr DR 6 John Reed Sr F 7 Stephen Bullock F 8 Harrison Gray Otis F 9 Joseph Bradley Varnum DR 10 Samuel Sewall F 11 Theophilus Bradbury F until July 24 1797 Bailey Bartlett F from November 27 1797 dd 12 Isaac Parker F 13 Peleg Wadsworth F 14 George Thatcher F New Hampshire edit All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket At large Abiel Foster F At large Jonathan Freeman F At large William Gordon F At large Jeremiah Smith F until July 26 1797 Peleg Sprague F from December 15 1797 dd New Jersey edit All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket At large Jonathan Dayton F At large James H Imlay F At large James Schureman F At large Thomas Sinnickson F At large Mark Thomson F New York edit 1 Jonathan N Havens DR 2 Edward Livingston DR 3 Philip Van Cortlandt DR 4 Lucas C Elmendorf DR 5 David Brooks F 6 Hezekiah L Hosmer F 7 John E Van Alen F 8 Henry Glen F 9 John Williams F 10 James Cochran F North Carolina edit 1 Joseph McDowell DR 2 Matthew Locke DR 3 Robert Williams DR 4 Richard Stanford DR 5 Nathaniel Macon DR 6 James Gillespie DR 7 William Barry Grove F 8 Dempsey Burges DR 9 Thomas Blount DR 10 Nathan Bryan DR until June 4 1798 Richard Dobbs Spaight DR from December 10 1798 dd Pennsylvania edit The 4th district was a plural district with two representatives 1 John Swanwick DR until July 31 1798 Robert Waln F from December 3 1798 dd 2 Blair McClenachan DR 3 Richard Thomas F 4 John Chapman F 4 Samuel Sitgreaves F until 1798 Robert Brown DR from December 4 1798 dd 5 George Ege F until October 1797 Joseph Hiester DR from December 1 1797 dd 6 John A Hanna DR 7 John Wilkes Kittera F 8 Thomas Hartley F 9 Andrew Gregg DR 10 David Bard DR 11 William Findley DR 12 Albert Gallatin DR Rhode Island edit Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket At large Christopher G Champlin F At large Elisha R Potter F until 1797 Thomas Tillinghast F from November 13 1797 dd South Carolina edit 1 William L Smith F until July 10 1797 Thomas Pinckney F from November 23 1797 dd 2 John Rutledge Jr F 3 Lemuel Benton DR 4 Thomas Sumter DR 5 Robert Goodloe Harper F 6 William Smith DR Tennessee edit At large Andrew Jackson DR until September 1797 William C C Claiborne DR from November 23 1797 dd Vermont edit 1 Matthew Lyon DR 2 Lewis R Morris F from May 24 1797Virginia edit 1 Daniel Morgan F 2 David Holmes DR 3 James Machir F 4 Abram Trigg DR 5 John J Trigg DR 6 Matthew Clay DR 7 Abraham B Venable DR 8 Thomas Claiborne DR 9 William B Giles DR until October 2 1798 Joseph Eggleston DR from December 3 1798 dd 10 Carter B Harrison DR 11 Josiah Parker F 12 Thomas Evans F 13 John Clopton DR 14 Samuel J Cabell DR 15 John Dawson DR 16 Anthony New DR 17 Richard Brent DR 18 John Nicholas DR 19 Walter Jones DR nbsp Speaker of the House Jonathan DaytonChanges in membership editThe count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress Senate edit There were 9 resignations 2 deaths 1 expulsion 1 late selection and 2 elections to replace appointees Neither party had a net gain of seats See also List of special elections to the United States Senate Senate changes State class Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor s formal installation a Tennessee 1 Vacant Tennessee failed to elect a Senator on time William Cocke DR Appointed May 15 1797Tennessee 2 William Blount DR Expelled July 8 1797 Joseph Anderson DR Elected September 26 1797Tennessee 1 William Cocke DR Interim appointment until September 26 1797 Andrew Jackson DR Elected September 26 1797Rhode Island 2 William Bradford F Resigned sometime in October 1797 Ray Greene F Elected November 13 1797Vermont 1 Isaac Tichenor F Resigned October 17 1797 Nathaniel Chipman F Elected October 17 1797Maryland 3 John Henry F Resigned December 10 1797 James Lloyd F Elected December 11 1797New York 1 Philip John Schuyler F Resigned January 3 1798 John Sloss Hobart F Elected January 11 1798Delaware 2 John Vining F Resigned January 19 1798 Joshua Clayton F Elected January 19 1798Tennessee 1 Andrew Jackson DR Resigned sometime in April 1798 Daniel Smith DR Appointed October 6 1798New York 1 John Sloss Hobart F Resigned April 16 1798 William North F Appointed May 5 1798Delaware 2 Joshua Clayton F Died August 11 1798 William H Wells F Elected January 17 1799New York 1 William North F Interim appointment until August 17 1798 James Watson F Elected August 17 1798New Jersey 1 John Rutherfurd F Resigned November 26 1798 Franklin Davenport F Appointed December 5 1798South Carolina 2 John Hunter DR Resigned November 26 1798 Charles Pinckney DR Elected December 6 1798Virginia 2 Henry Tazewell DR Died January 24 1799 Vacant Not filled in this CongressHouse of Representatives edit There were 9 resignations and 3 deaths The Federalists had a 1 seat net loss and the Democratic Republicans had a 1 seat net gain Main article List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives House changes District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor s formal installation a Vermont 2 Vacant Daniel Buck F had been re elected but declined to serve Successor elected May 23 1797 4 Lewis R Morris F May 24 1797Rhode Island at large Elisha Potter F Resigned sometime in 1797 Successor elected August 29 1797 4 Thomas Tillinghast F Seated November 13 1797South Carolina 1 William L Smith F Resigned July 10 1797 Successor elected September 4 5 1797 4 Thomas Pinckney F Seated November 23 1797Massachusetts 11 Theophilus Bradbury F Resigned July 24 1797 Successor elected August 4 1797 4 Bailey Bartlett F Seated November 27 1797New Hampshire at large Jeremiah Smith F Resigned July 26 1797 Successor elected August 28 1797 4 Peleg Sprague F Seated December 15 1797Connecticut at large James Davenport F Died August 3 1797 Successor elected September 18 1797 4 William Edmond F Seated November 13 1797Tennessee at large Andrew Jackson DR Resigned sometime in September 1797 to become U S Senator Successor elected September 26 1797 5 William C C Claiborne DR Seated November 23 1797Pennsylvania 5 George Ege F Resigned sometime in October 1797 Successor elected October 10 1797 4 Joseph Hiester DR Seated December 1 1797Pennsylvania 4 Samuel Sitgreaves F Resigned sometime in 1798 Successor elected October 9 1798 4 Robert Brown DR Seated December 4 1798North Carolina 10 Nathan Bryan DR Died June 4 1798 Successor elected August 2 1798 4 Richard Dobbs Spaight DR Seated December 10 1798Pennsylvania 1 John Swanwick DR Died July 31 1798 Successor elected October 9 1798 4 Robert Waln F Seated December 3 1798Connecticut at large Joshua Coit F Died September 5 1798 Successor elected October 22 1798 4 Jonathan Brace F Seated December 3 1798Virginia 9 William Giles DR Resigned October 2 1798 Successor elected November 1 1798 4 Joseph Eggleston DR Seated December 3 1798Committees editLists of committees and their party leaders Senate edit WholeHouse of Representatives edit Claims Chairman Dwight Foster Commerce and Manufactures Chairman Edward Livingston then Samuel Smith Elections Chairman Joshua Coit then Joseph B Varnum Revisal and Unfinished Business Chairman Jeremiah Smith then Nathaniel Macon then George Thatcher Rules Select Standards of Official Conduct Ways and Means Chairman William L Smith then Robert Goodloe Harper WholeJoint committees edit Enrolled Bills Chairman Isaac Tichenor Employees editArchitect of the Capitol William ThorntonSenate edit Secretary Samuel A Otis Doorkeeper James Mathers Chaplain William White EpiscopalianHouse of Representatives edit Clerk John J Beckley until May 15 1797 Jonathan W Condy elected May 15 1797 Sergeant at Arms Joseph Wheaton Doorkeeper Thomas Claxton Reading Clerks data missing Chaplain Ashbel Green PresbyterianSee also edit1796 United States elections elections leading to this Congress 1796 United States presidential election 1796 97 United States Senate elections 1796 97 United States House of Representatives elections 1798 United States elections elections during this Congress leading to the next Congress 1798 99 United States Senate elections 1798 99 United States House of Representatives electionsNotes edit a b When seated or oath administered not necessarily when service began References edit The Presidency of John Adams by Ralph A Brown University Press of Kansas 1975 The Reign of Witches The Struggle Against the Alien and Sedition Laws 1789 1800 by Elizabeth Lawson Executive Journal Fourteenth session Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America Library of Congress June 7 1797 p 244 a b c d e f g h i j k l Date cited is the election date but the winner in some cases took his seat on a later date See Dubin Michael J 1998 United States Congressional Elections 1788 1997 The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses McFarland and Company ISBN 0786402830 Election date but winner was seated later See https elections lib tufts edu catalog tufts tn ushouserepresentatives 1797 Archived March 11 2020 at the Wayback Machine Martis Kenneth C 1989 The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress New York Macmillan Publishing Company Martis Kenneth C 1982 The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts New York Macmillan Publishing Company External links editStatutes at Large 1789 1875 Senate Journal First Forty three Sessions of Congress House Journal First Forty three Sessions of Congress Biographical Directory of the U S Congress U S House of Representatives House History U S Senate Statistics and Lists Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 5th United States Congress amp oldid 1194793874, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
