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Ferrocyanide

January 30, 2023

Ferrocyanide is the name of the anion [Fe(CN)6]4−. Salts of this coordination complex give yellow solutions. It is usually available as the salt potassium ferrocyanide, which has the formula K4Fe(CN)6. [Fe(CN)6]4− is a diamagnetic species, featuring low-spin iron(II) center in an octahedral ligand environment. Although many salts of cyanide are highly toxic, ferro- and ferricyanides are less toxic because they tend not to release free cyanide.[1] It is of commercial interest as a precursor to the pigment Prussian blue and, as its potassium salt, an anticaking agent.[2]

Ferrocyanide ion
Identifiers
  • 13408-63-4 Y
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:5032
ChemSpider
  • 10446887
KEGG
  • C01913
  • 9552077
UNII
  • FLX0VIC39Y Y
  • DTXSID0065436
  • InChI=1S/6CN.Fe/c6*1-2;/q6*-1;+2
    Key: UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Fe+2]
Properties
C6FeN64−
Molar mass 211.955 g·mol−1
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Ferricyanide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Reactions

Treatment of ferrocyanide with ferric-containing salts gives the intensely coloured pigment Prussian blue[1] (sometimes called ferric ferrocyanide and ferrous ferricyanide).

Ferrocyanide reversibly oxidized by one electron, giving ferricyanide:

[Fe(CN)6]4− ⇌ [Fe(CN)6]3− + e−

This conversion can be followed spectroscopically at 420 nm, since ferrocyanide has negligible absorption at this wavelength while ferricyanide has an extinction coefficient of 1040 M−1 cm−1.[3]

Applications

The dominant use of ferrocyanides is as precursors to the Prussian blue pigments. Sodium ferrocyanide is a common anti-caking agent. Specialized applications involves their use as precipitating agents for production of citric acid and wine.[2]

Research

Ferrocyanide and its oxidized product ferricyanide cannot freely pass through the plasma membrane. For this reason ferrocyanide has been used as a probe of extracellular electron acceptor in the study of redox reactions in cells. Ferricyanide is consumed in the process, thus any increase in ferrocyanide can be attributed to secretions of reductants or transplasma membrane electron transport activity.

Nickel ferrocyanide (Ni2Fe(CN)6) is also used as catalyst in electro-oxidation (anodic oxidation) of urea.[4] Aspirational applications range from hydrogen production for cleaner energy with lower CO2 emission to wastewater treatment.

Ferrocyanide is also studied as an electrolyte in flow batteries.[5][6]

Nomenclature

According to the recommendations of IUPAC, ferrocyanide should be called "hexacyanidoferrate(II)". Cyanides as a chemical class were named because they were discovered in ferrocyanide. Ferrocyanide in turn was named in Latin to mean "blue substance with iron." The dye Prussian blue had been first made in the early 18th century. The word "cyanide" used in the name is from κύανος kyanos, Greek for "(dark) blue."

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  2. ^ a b Gail, E.; Gos, S.; Kulzer, R.; Lorösch, J.; Rubo, A.; Sauer, M.; Kellens, R.; Reddy, J.; Steier, N. (2011). "Cyano Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_159.pub3.
  3. ^ Appleby, C. A.; Morton, R. K. (1959). "Lactic dehydrogenase and cytochrome b2 of baker's yeast: Purification and crystallization". Biochem. J. 71 (3): 492–499. doi:10.1042/bj0710492. PMC 1196822. PMID 13638255.
  4. ^ Geng, Shi-Kui; Zheng, Yao; Li, Shan-Qing; Zhao, Xu; Hu, Jun; Shu, Hai-Bo; Jaroniec, Mietek; Chen, Ping; Liu, Qinghua; Qiao, Shizhang (2020). "Nickel ferrocyanide as high-performance next generation electrocatalyst for urea oxidation". doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-67358/v1. S2CID 231949301. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Holy Grail of energy policy in sight as battery technology smashes the old order (telegraph.co.uk) |https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/08/10/holy-grail-of-energy-policy-in-sight-as-battery-technology-smash/
  6. ^ Developing Organic Flow Batteries for Energy Storage (arpa-e.gov) http://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/HarvardFlowBattery_OPEN2012_ExternalProjectImpactSheet_FINAL.pdf

January 30, 2023
ferrocyanide, name, anion, salts, this, coordination, complex, give, yellow, solutions, usually, available, salt, potassium, ferrocyanide, which, formula, k4fe, diamagnetic, species, featuring, spin, iron, center, octahedral, ligand, environment, although, man. Ferrocyanide is the name of the anion Fe CN 6 4 Salts of this coordination complex give yellow solutions It is usually available as the salt potassium ferrocyanide which has the formula K4Fe CN 6 Fe CN 6 4 is a diamagnetic species featuring low spin iron II center in an octahedral ligand environment Although many salts of cyanide are highly toxic ferro and ferricyanides are less toxic because they tend not to release free cyanide 1 It is of commercial interest as a precursor to the pigment Prussian blue and as its potassium salt an anticaking agent 2 Ferrocyanide ion IdentifiersCAS Number 13408 63 4 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChEBI CHEBI 5032ChemSpider 10446887KEGG C01913PubChem CID 9552077UNII FLX0VIC39Y YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID0065436InChI InChI 1S 6CN Fe c6 1 2 q6 1 2Key UETZVSHORCDDTH UHFFFAOYSA NSMILES C N C N C N C N C N C N Fe 2 PropertiesChemical formula C 6Fe N 64 Molar mass 211 955 g mol 1Related compoundsRelated compounds FerricyanideExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Infobox references Contents 1 Reactions 2 Applications 3 Research 4 Nomenclature 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 ReferencesReactions EditTreatment of ferrocyanide with ferric containing salts gives the intensely coloured pigment Prussian blue 1 sometimes called ferric ferrocyanide and ferrous ferricyanide Ferrocyanide reversibly oxidized by one electron giving ferricyanide Fe CN 6 4 Fe CN 6 3 e This conversion can be followed spectroscopically at 420 nm since ferrocyanide has negligible absorption at this wavelength while ferricyanide has an extinction coefficient of 1040 M 1 cm 1 3 Applications EditThe dominant use of ferrocyanides is as precursors to the Prussian blue pigments Sodium ferrocyanide is a common anti caking agent Specialized applications involves their use as precipitating agents for production of citric acid and wine 2 Research EditFerrocyanide and its oxidized product ferricyanide cannot freely pass through the plasma membrane For this reason ferrocyanide has been used as a probe of extracellular electron acceptor in the study of redox reactions in cells Ferricyanide is consumed in the process thus any increase in ferrocyanide can be attributed to secretions of reductants or transplasma membrane electron transport activity Nickel ferrocyanide Ni2Fe CN 6 is also used as catalyst in electro oxidation anodic oxidation of urea 4 Aspirational applications range from hydrogen production for cleaner energy with lower CO2 emission to wastewater treatment Ferrocyanide is also studied as an electrolyte in flow batteries 5 6 Nomenclature EditAccording to the recommendations of IUPAC ferrocyanide should be called hexacyanidoferrate II Cyanides as a chemical class were named because they were discovered in ferrocyanide Ferrocyanide in turn was named in Latin to mean blue substance with iron The dye Prussian blue had been first made in the early 18th century The word cyanide used in the name is from kyanos kyanos Greek for dark blue Gallery EditCommon ferrocyanide salts Fe4 Fe CN 6 3 Ag4Fe CN 6 Ni4 Fe CN 6 2 K4 Fe CN 6 See also EditFerricyanide Blue billy Prussian blue deposit formed in soils contaminated by effluents of chemical industry Perls Prussian blue a histology stain Potassium ferrocyanide Sodium ferrocyanideReferences Edit a b Holleman A F Wiberg E 2001 Inorganic Chemistry San Diego Academic Press ISBN 0 12 352651 5 a b Gail E Gos S Kulzer R Lorosch J Rubo A Sauer M Kellens R Reddy J Steier N 2011 Cyano Compounds Inorganic Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a08 159 pub3 Appleby C A Morton R K 1959 Lactic dehydrogenase and cytochrome b2 of baker s yeast Purification and crystallization Biochem J 71 3 492 499 doi 10 1042 bj0710492 PMC 1196822 PMID 13638255 Geng Shi Kui Zheng Yao Li Shan Qing Zhao Xu Hu Jun Shu Hai Bo Jaroniec Mietek Chen Ping Liu Qinghua Qiao Shizhang 2020 Nickel ferrocyanide as high performance next generation electrocatalyst for urea oxidation doi 10 21203 rs 3 rs 67358 v1 S2CID 231949301 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Holy Grail of energy policy in sight as battery technology smashes the old order telegraph co uk https www telegraph co uk business 2016 08 10 holy grail of energy policy in sight as battery technology smash Developing Organic Flow Batteries for Energy Storage arpa e gov http arpa e energy gov sites default files documents files HarvardFlowBattery OPEN2012 ExternalProjectImpactSheet FINAL pdf Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ferrocyanide amp oldid 1126105096, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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