Fenestraja plutonia is a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Gurgesiellidae. It is commonly known as the underworld windowskate or Pluto pygmy skate.[2] The underworld windowskate is known from patches of continental slope in the western Atlantic Ocean between the coasts of the southern United States and Suriname.[1]
The underworld windowskate's genus name, Fenestraja, comes from a combination of two words. Fenestre is a Latin word meaning window, which in this case refers to a small opening in bone.[3] A second Latin word, Raja simply refers to the genus as a skate/ray of the family Rajidae. Its species name is a reference to Pluto (Ancient Greek: Πλούτων, Ploutōn) the Greek god of the underworld.[4]
Taxonomyedit
Samuel Garman
The underworld windowskate was initially described by Samuel Garman in 1881 as Raja plutoni. Garman also considered placing the species in other genera such as Breviraja and Gurgesiella.[5] The first specimens had been caught during dredging of the Atlantic coast during the summer of the previous year.[5] In 1947, another skate from the Gulf Stream was described by Henry Fowler as Raja acanthiderma.[6] However this species designation has been suggested to be a synonym for the underworld windowskate, once the species was officially moved from Raja to Fenestraja.[7]
Descriptionedit
The underworld windowskate has a heart-shaped disc, with denticles on the blunt snout, around the eyes, on the pectoral fins and down the sides of the long tail.[8] It is generally yellowish, grayish, or purplish brown on top, with dark spots. The ventral surface is yellow-white, and the tail has several dark bands.[8]
Outside of these general ranges, specimens have been collected from the waters off Colombia, Ellesmere Island, in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and James Bay, Canada.[9] Individuals have also been spotted by divers in southern Mexico, and in 1891 a specimen supposedly belonging to F. plutonia was collected from the California coast, even though the underworld windowskate is overwhelmingly an Atlantic species.[9][10]
^ abcdefgCrysler, Z., Kyne, P.M., Lasso-Alcalá, O., Mejía-Falla, P.A., Navia, A.F. & Herman, K. (2020). "Fenestraja plutonia". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. IUCN: e.T161642A124520072. Retrieved 18 January 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2011). Species of Fenestraja in FishBase. February 2011 version.
^Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid, unpublished.
^William Hansen, Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford University Press, 2005
^ abGarman, S. 1881 (Apr.) Report on the selachians. Reports on the results of dredging, ... along the Atlantic coast of the United States during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake," Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XII. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 8 (no. 11): 231–237.
^Fowler, H. W. 1947 (June) A new skate from the Gulf Stream off east Florida. The Fish Culturist v. 26 (no. 10): 73–75.
^McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271–290.
^ abKells, Val., Carpenter, Kent. A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes From Maine to Texas. 2011. Johns Hopkins University Press. pg 86.
^ abGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility Records. 6 June, 2014
^Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Occurrence Records. 2 May 2015
External linksedit
Underworld windowskate at Fishbase
April 12, 2024
fenestraja, plutonia, species, cartilaginous, fish, family, gurgesiellidae, commonly, known, underworld, windowskate, pluto, pygmy, skate, underworld, windowskate, known, from, patches, continental, slope, western, atlantic, ocean, between, coasts, southern, u. Fenestraja plutonia is a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Gurgesiellidae It is commonly known as the underworld windowskate or Pluto pygmy skate 2 The underworld windowskate is known from patches of continental slope in the western Atlantic Ocean between the coasts of the southern United States and Suriname 1 Fenestraja plutoniaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ChondrichthyesSubclass ElasmobranchiiSuperorder BatoideaOrder RajiformesFamily GurgesiellidaeGenus FenestrajaSpecies F plutoniaBinomial nameFenestraja plutonia Garman 1881 SynonymsBreviraja plutonia Garman 1881 Gurgesiella plutonia Garman 1881 Raja acanthiderma Fowler 1947 Raja plutonia Garman 1881 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Taxonomy 3 Description 4 Distribution and habitat 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEtymology editThe underworld windowskate s genus name Fenestraja comes from a combination of two words Fenestre is a Latin word meaning window which in this case refers to a small opening in bone 3 A second Latin word Raja simply refers to the genus as a skate ray of the family Rajidae Its species name is a reference to Pluto Ancient Greek Ploytwn Ploutōn the Greek god of the underworld 4 Taxonomy edit nbsp Samuel GarmanThe underworld windowskate was initially described by Samuel Garman in 1881 as Raja plutoni Garman also considered placing the species in other genera such as Breviraja and Gurgesiella 5 The first specimens had been caught during dredging of the Atlantic coast during the summer of the previous year 5 In 1947 another skate from the Gulf Stream was described by Henry Fowler as Raja acanthiderma 6 However this species designation has been suggested to be a synonym for the underworld windowskate once the species was officially moved from Raja to Fenestraja 7 Description editThe underworld windowskate has a heart shaped disc with denticles on the blunt snout around the eyes on the pectoral fins and down the sides of the long tail 8 It is generally yellowish grayish or purplish brown on top with dark spots The ventral surface is yellow white and the tail has several dark bands 8 Distribution and habitat editAccording to the IUCN five populations of the underworld windowskate are known all from the western Atlantic Ocean 1 The northernmost ranges on the North American continental shelf from North Carolina to Key West including the Straights of Florida 1 Another population is known from the waters around Andros Island in the Bahamas and in the Tongue of the Ocean 1 A third area of continental shelf this time in the Gulf of Mexico from the Chattahoochee River delta to the Mississippi River Delta is also known to contain the species 1 Finally two widely separated groups occupy the southern Caribbean Sea the first off Costa Rica near Puerto Limon and the second from the South American continental shelf near Caracas Venezuela to Paramaribo Suriname 1 Outside of these general ranges specimens have been collected from the waters off Colombia Ellesmere Island in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and James Bay Canada 9 Individuals have also been spotted by divers in southern Mexico and in 1891 a specimen supposedly belonging to F plutonia was collected from the California coast even though the underworld windowskate is overwhelmingly an Atlantic species 9 10 See also editFenestraja IUCN Red List data deficient species Chordata References edit a b c d e f g Crysler Z Kyne P M Lasso Alcala O Mejia Falla P A Navia A F amp Herman K 2020 Fenestraja plutonia The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 IUCN e T161642A124520072 Retrieved 18 January 2021 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Froese Rainer and Pauly Daniel eds 2011 Species of Fenestraja in FishBase February 2011 version Romero P 2002 An etymological dictionary of taxonomy Madrid unpublished William Hansen Classical Mythology A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans Oxford University Press 2005 a b Garman S 1881 Apr Report on the selachians Reports on the results of dredging along the Atlantic coast of the United States during the summer of 1880 by the U S Coast Survey Steamer Blake Commander J R Bartlett U S N commanding XII Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v 8 no 11 231 237 Fowler H W 1947 June A new skate from the Gulf Stream off east Florida The Fish Culturist v 26 no 10 73 75 McEachran J D and K A Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs Chondrichthyes Rajidae Copeia 1998 2 271 290 a b Kells Val Carpenter Kent A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes From Maine to Texas 2011 Johns Hopkins University Press pg 86 a b Global Biodiversity Information Facility Records 6 June 2014 Global Biodiversity Information Facility Occurrence Records 2 May 2015External links editUnderworld windowskate at Fishbase Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fenestraja plutonia amp oldid 1071297672, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
