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Federation of South Arabia

May 20, 2023

For the history of the Federation, see History of Yemen.

The Federation of South Arabia (FSA) (Arabic: اتحاد الجنوب العربي Ittiḥād al-Janūb al-‘Arabī) was a federal state under British protection in what would become South Yemen. Its capital was Aden.[1]

Federation of South Arabia
اتحاد الجنوب العربي
Ittiḥād al-Janūb al-‘Arabī
1962–1967
Flag
Emblem
StatusBritish protectorate
CapitalAden
Common languagesArabic
English
South Arabian
GovernmentFederal monarchy
High Commissioner 
• 1963
Sir Charles Johnston
• 1963–1964
Sir Kennedy Trevaskis
• 1964–1967
Sir Richard Turnbull
• 1967
Sir Humphrey Trevelyan
Chief Minister 
• 1963
Hassan Ali Bayumi
• 1963–1965
Zayn Abdu Baharun
• 1965
Abdul-Qawi Hassan Makkawi
• 1965–1966
Ali Musa al-Babakr
• 1966–1967
Salih al-Awadli
Historical eraCold War
• Established
4 April 1962
• Independence
30 November 1967
CurrencySouth Arabian dinar
Map of the Federation and the Protectorate of South Arabia.
Military event held in the Fadhli Sultanate to celebrate the new Federation

History

It was formed on 4 April 1962 from the 15 protected states of the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South. The State of Aden, formerly Aden Colony, joined the Federation on 18 January 1963. In June 1964, the Upper Aulaqi Sultanate was added for a total of 17 states. A team was sent to the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. The Federation was abolished on 30 November 1967, when its status as a British protectorate came to an end, along with that of the Protectorate of South Arabia, and they became the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

States

Flag Name Established Joined Notes
  State of Aden 1963
  Alawi Sheikhdom unknown
  Aqrabi Sheikhdom 1770
  Audhali Sultanate 18th century
  Emirate of Beihan 1680
  Dathina Sheikhdom 18th century
  Emirate of Dhala early 19th century
  Fadhli Sultanate 17th century
  Haushabi Sultanate 18th century
  Sultanate of Lahej 1728 1872 formerly ruled over Aden
  Lower Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century
  Sultanate of Lower Yafa ca. 1800
  Muflahi Sheikhdom 1850
  Sheikhdom of Shaib 18th century
  Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom 18th century
  Upper Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century
  Wahidi Sultanate 1830 consisted originally of four sub-sultanates: Wahidi Balhaf, Wahidi Azzan, Wahidi Bir Ali, Wahidi Haban

List of rulers

State Ruler Deposed House Reign Ref(s)
  Audhali Salih ibn al-Husayn 17 September 1967 Al Audhali Last reigning Sultan (1928–1967). [2]
  Lower Aulaqi Nasir ibn Aidrus 29 November 1967 Al Awlaqi Last reigning Sultan (1947–1967). [2]
  Upper Aulaqi Awad ibn Salih 29 November 1967 Al Awlaqi Last reigning Sultan (1935–1967). [2]
  Beihan Saleh bin al-Husayn 28 August 1967 Al Habieli Last reigning Emir (1935–1967). [2]
  Dhala Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif 17 August 1967 Al Amiri Last reigning Emir (1954–1967). [2]
  Fadhli Nasir bin Abdullah 29 November 1967 Al Fadhli Last reigning Sultan (1964–1967). [2]
  Haushabi Faisal bin Surur 29 November 1967 Al Haushabi Last reigning Sultan (1955–1967). [2]
  Lahej Fadhl VI bin Ali 17 August 1967 [as 1] Al Abdali Last reigning Sultan (1958–1967). [2]
  Wahidi Balhaf[as 2] Ali ibn Muhammad 17 August 1967[as 3] Al Wahidi Last governing Hakim (1967). [2]
  Wahidi Bir Ali Alawi ibn Salih 29 November 1967[as 4] Last reigning Sultan (1955–1967). [2]
  Wahidi Haban Husayn ibn Abdullah 29 November 1967[as 5] Last reigning Sultan (until 1967). [2]
  Lower Yafa Mahmud ibn Aidrus 28 August 1967[as 6] Al Afifi[as 7] Last reigning Sultan (1954–1967). [2]
  1. ^ Prior to his formal ascension to the throne, he had served as prince regent since 10 July 1958.[2]
  2. ^ Known as Balhaf and Azzan from 1881, signifying Balhaf's merge with Wahidi Azzan. Known simply as Wahidi from 1962, when the sultanates of Wahidi Bir Ali and Wahidi Haban were made subordinate.[2]
  3. ^ Prince Ali held the position of hakim (regent) from 20 February 1967 until the sultanate's abolition in August of the same year. He was never crowned sultan.[2]
  4. ^ Alawi previously reigned as sultan from 1955 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.[2]
  5. ^ Husayn had previously reigned as sultan prior to the monarchy's abolition in 1967. Before his reign ended, he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962.[2]
  6. ^ Mahmud previously reigned as sultan from 1954 until the monarchy was deposed in 1967. His reign was not initially recognised by the British government, which continued to recognise his still-living father and predecessor as sultan until 1958.[2]
  7. ^ A clan of the Yafa tribe. The Yafai are divided into ten sheikhdoms that were spread across the former sultanates of Lower Yafa and Upper Yafa.[3]

Chief Ministers

  • Hassan Ali Bayumi (18 January 1963 – 24 June 1963)
  • Zayn Abdu Baharun (9 July 1963 – 23 January 1965)
  • Abdul-Qawi Hassan Makkawi (7 March 1965 – 25 September 1965)
  • Ali Musa al-Babakr (25 September 1965 – 30 August 1966)
  • Salih al-Awadli (30 August 1966 – 30 November 1967)

High Commissioners

Main article: List of British representatives at Aden

Postage stamps

 
Two values of the 1965 definitives used at Aden

The Federation issued its own Adeni postage stamps from 1963 to 1966. Most of its issues were part of the omnibus issues common to all the Commonwealth territories, but it did issue its own definitive stamps on 1 April 1965. The set of 14 included 10 values, from 5 to 75 fils, each depicting the arms of the Federation in a single color, while the top four values (100 fils, 250 fils, 500 fils, and 1 dinar), featured the flag of the Federation.

The stamps referred to above are those listed in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalog. A number of other stamps have also been issued and are listed in Stanley Gibbons and other widely used stamp catalogs. It is possible, or even likely, that some of the stamps of South Arabia were not issued primarily for postal use.

See also

References

  1. ^ Parliament Building in Al Ittihad, the capital of the Federation of South Arabia
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Cahoon, Ben. "States of the Aden Protectorates". World Statesmen.org. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  3. ^ A Collection of First World War Military Handbooks of Arabia, 1913–1917. Vol. 3. Archive Editions. 1988. pp. 84–93. ISBN 978-1-85207-086-1.

Further reading

  • Paul Dresch. A History of Modern Yemen. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • R.J. Gavin. Aden Under British Rule: 1839-1967. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1975.
  • Tom Little. South Arabia: Arena of Conflict. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968.

External links

  •   Media related to Federation of South Arabia at Wikimedia Commons
  • South Arabia and Yemen, 1945-1995

Coordinates: 15°19′48″N 48°04′34″E / 15.330°N 48.076°E / 15.330; 48.076

May 20, 2023
federation, south, arabia, history, federation, history, yemen, arabic, اتحاد, الجنوب, العربي, ittiḥād, janūb, arabī, federal, state, under, british, protection, what, would, become, south, yemen, capital, aden, اتحاد, الجنوب, العربي, ittiḥād, janūb, arabī1962. For the history of the Federation see History of Yemen The Federation of South Arabia FSA Arabic اتحاد الجنوب العربي Ittiḥad al Janub al Arabi was a federal state under British protection in what would become South Yemen Its capital was Aden 1 Federation of South Arabiaاتحاد الجنوب العربي Ittiḥad al Janub al Arabi1962 1967Flag EmblemStatusBritish protectorateCapitalAdenCommon languagesArabicEnglishSouth ArabianGovernmentFederal monarchyHigh Commissioner 1963Sir Charles Johnston 1963 1964Sir Kennedy Trevaskis 1964 1967Sir Richard Turnbull 1967Sir Humphrey TrevelyanChief Minister 1963Hassan Ali Bayumi 1963 1965Zayn Abdu Baharun 1965Abdul Qawi Hassan Makkawi 1965 1966Ali Musa al Babakr 1966 1967Salih al AwadliHistorical eraCold War Established4 April 1962 Independence30 November 1967CurrencySouth Arabian dinarPreceded by Succeeded byColony of AdenFederation of Arab Emirates of the SouthUpper Aulaqi Sultanate South YemenMap of the Federation and the Protectorate of South Arabia Military event held in the Fadhli Sultanate to celebrate the new Federation Contents 1 History 2 States 3 List of rulers 3 1 Chief Ministers 3 2 High Commissioners 4 Postage stamps 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Further reading 7 External linksHistory EditIt was formed on 4 April 1962 from the 15 protected states of the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South The State of Aden formerly Aden Colony joined the Federation on 18 January 1963 In June 1964 the Upper Aulaqi Sultanate was added for a total of 17 states A team was sent to the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston Jamaica The Federation was abolished on 30 November 1967 when its status as a British protectorate came to an end along with that of the Protectorate of South Arabia and they became the People s Democratic Republic of Yemen States EditFlag Name Established Joined Notes State of Aden 1963 Alawi Sheikhdom unknown Aqrabi Sheikhdom 1770 Audhali Sultanate 18th century Emirate of Beihan 1680 Dathina Sheikhdom 18th century Emirate of Dhala early 19th century Fadhli Sultanate 17th century Haushabi Sultanate 18th century Sultanate of Lahej 1728 1872 formerly ruled over Aden Lower Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century Sultanate of Lower Yafa ca 1800 Muflahi Sheikhdom 1850 Sheikhdom of Shaib 18th century Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom 18th century Upper Aulaqi Sultanate 18th century Wahidi Sultanate 1830 consisted originally of four sub sultanates Wahidi Balhaf Wahidi Azzan Wahidi Bir Ali Wahidi HabanList of rulers EditState Ruler Deposed House Reign Ref s Audhali Salih ibn al Husayn 17 September 1967 Al Audhali Last reigning Sultan 1928 1967 2 Lower Aulaqi Nasir ibn Aidrus 29 November 1967 Al Awlaqi Last reigning Sultan 1947 1967 2 Upper Aulaqi Awad ibn Salih 29 November 1967 Al Awlaqi Last reigning Sultan 1935 1967 2 Beihan Saleh bin al Husayn 28 August 1967 Al Habieli Last reigning Emir 1935 1967 2 Dhala Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif 17 August 1967 Al Amiri Last reigning Emir 1954 1967 2 Fadhli Nasir bin Abdullah 29 November 1967 Al Fadhli Last reigning Sultan 1964 1967 2 Haushabi Faisal bin Surur 29 November 1967 Al Haushabi Last reigning Sultan 1955 1967 2 Lahej Fadhl VI bin Ali 17 August 1967 as 1 Al Abdali Last reigning Sultan 1958 1967 2 Wahidi Balhaf as 2 Ali ibn Muhammad 17 August 1967 as 3 Al Wahidi Last governing Hakim 1967 2 Wahidi Bir Ali Alawi ibn Salih 29 November 1967 as 4 Last reigning Sultan 1955 1967 2 Wahidi Haban Husayn ibn Abdullah 29 November 1967 as 5 Last reigning Sultan until 1967 2 Lower Yafa Mahmud ibn Aidrus 28 August 1967 as 6 Al Afifi as 7 Last reigning Sultan 1954 1967 2 Prior to his formal ascension to the throne he had served as prince regent since 10 July 1958 2 Known as Balhaf and Azzan from 1881 signifying Balhaf s merge with Wahidi Azzan Known simply as Wahidi from 1962 when the sultanates of Wahidi Bir Ali and Wahidi Haban were made subordinate 2 Prince Ali held the position of hakim regent from 20 February 1967 until the sultanate s abolition in August of the same year He was never crowned sultan 2 Alawi previously reigned as sultan from 1955 until the monarchy was abolished in 1967 Before his reign ended he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962 2 Husayn had previously reigned as sultan prior to the monarchy s abolition in 1967 Before his reign ended he was made subordinate to the Sultan of Balhaf and Azzan on 23 October 1962 2 Mahmud previously reigned as sultan from 1954 until the monarchy was deposed in 1967 His reign was not initially recognised by the British government which continued to recognise his still living father and predecessor as sultan until 1958 2 A clan of the Yafa tribe The Yafai are divided into ten sheikhdoms that were spread across the former sultanates of Lower Yafa and Upper Yafa 3 Chief Ministers Edit Hassan Ali Bayumi 18 January 1963 24 June 1963 Zayn Abdu Baharun 9 July 1963 23 January 1965 Abdul Qawi Hassan Makkawi 7 March 1965 25 September 1965 Ali Musa al Babakr 25 September 1965 30 August 1966 Salih al Awadli 30 August 1966 30 November 1967 High Commissioners Edit Main article List of British representatives at Aden Sir Charles Johnston 18 January 1963 17 July 1963 Sir Kennedy Trevaskis 17 July 1963 21 December 1964 Sir Richard Turnbull 21 December 1964 22 May 1967 Sir Humphrey Trevelyan 22 May 1967 30 November 1967 Postage stamps Edit Two values of the 1965 definitives used at Aden The Federation issued its own Adeni postage stamps from 1963 to 1966 Most of its issues were part of the omnibus issues common to all the Commonwealth territories but it did issue its own definitive stamps on 1 April 1965 The set of 14 included 10 values from 5 to 75 fils each depicting the arms of the Federation in a single color while the top four values 100 fils 250 fils 500 fils and 1 dinar featured the flag of the Federation The stamps referred to above are those listed in the Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalog A number of other stamps have also been issued and are listed in Stanley Gibbons and other widely used stamp catalogs It is possible or even likely that some of the stamps of South Arabia were not issued primarily for postal use See also EditUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 188References Edit Parliament Building in Al Ittihad the capital of the Federation of South Arabia a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Cahoon Ben States of the Aden Protectorates World Statesmen org Retrieved 27 April 2010 A Collection of First World War Military Handbooks of Arabia 1913 1917 Vol 3 Archive Editions 1988 pp 84 93 ISBN 978 1 85207 086 1 Further reading Edit Paul Dresch A History of Modern Yemen Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press 2000 R J Gavin Aden Under British Rule 1839 1967 London C Hurst amp Company 1975 Tom Little South Arabia Arena of Conflict London Pall Mall Press 1968 External links Edit Media related to Federation of South Arabia at Wikimedia Commons South Arabia and Yemen 1945 1995 Coordinates 15 19 48 N 48 04 34 E 15 330 N 48 076 E 15 330 48 076 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Federation of South Arabia amp oldid 1151733347, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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