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Senna glycoside

January 01, 1970

Senna glycoside, also known as sennoside or senna, is a medication used to treat constipation and empty the large intestine before surgery.[1][5] The medication is taken by mouth or via the rectum.[1][6] It typically begins working in around 30 minutes when given by rectum and within twelve hours when given by mouth.[3] It is a weaker laxative than bisacodyl and castor oil.[1]

Senna glycoside
Clinical data
Trade namesEx-Lax, Senokot, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601112
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth, rectal
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Onset of actionMinutes (by rectum), 6 to 12 hours (by mouth)[3]
Identifiers
  • 9-[2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Number
  • 66575-30-2 Y
PubChem CID
  • 5199
DrugBank
  • DB11365 Y
ChemSpider
  • 65892 N
KEGG
  • D02171
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC42H38O20[4]
Molar mass862.746 g·mol−1
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Common side effects of senna glycoside include abdominal cramps.[3] It is not recommended for long-term use, as it may result in poor bowel function or electrolyte problems.[1] While no harm has been found to result from use while breastfeeding, such use is not typically recommended.[1] It is not typically recommended in children.[1] Senna may change urine to a somewhat reddish color.[1] Senna derivatives are a type of stimulant laxative and are of the anthraquinone type.[1] While its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, senna is thought to act by increasing fluid secretion within and contraction of the large intestine.[1]

Sennosides come from the group of plants Senna.[3] In plant form, it has been used at least since the 700s AD.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is available as a generic medication.[1][6] In 2021, it was the 270th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[9][10] In 2021, the combination with docusate was the 275th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.[9][11] It is sold under a number of brand names including Ex-Lax and Senokot.[1]

Medical uses edit

Senna is used for episodic and chronic constipation though there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support its use for these purposes.[5] It may also be used to aid in the evacuation of the bowel prior to surgery or invasive rectal or colonic examinations.[12][13]

Administration edit

Oral senna products typically produce a bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours. Rectal suppositories can act within minutes or take up to two hours.[14]

Contraindications edit

According to Commission E, senna is contraindicated in cases of intestinal obstruction, acute intestinal inflammation (e.g., Crohn's disease), ulcerative colitis, appendicitis, and abdominal pain of unknown origin.[12]

Senna is considered contraindicated in people with a documented allergy to anthraquinones. Such allergies are rare and typically limited to dermatological reactions of redness and itching.[12]

Adverse effects edit

Adverse effects are typically limited to gastrointestinal reactions and include abdominal pain or cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.[12]

Regular use of senna products can lead to a characteristic brown pigmentation of the internal colonic wall seen on colonoscopy. This abnormal pigmentation is known as melanosis coli.[14]

Interactions edit

Senna glycosides can increase digoxin toxicity in patients taking digoxin by reducing serum potassium levels, thereby enhancing the effects of digoxin.[15]

Mechanism of action edit

The breakdown products of senna act directly as irritants on the colonic wall to induce fluid secretion and colonic motility.[16]

Pharmacology edit

They are anthraquinones derivatives and dimeric glycosides.[17]

Society and culture edit

Formulations edit

Senna is an over-the-counter drug available in multiple formulations, including oral formations (liquid, tablet, granular) and rectal suppositories. Senna products are manufactured by multiple generic drug makers and sold under various brand names.[13]

Brand names edit

Ex-Lax, Geri-kot, Perdiem Overnight Relief, Senexon, Pursennid, Senna Smooth, Senna-Gen, Senna-GRX, Senna-Lax, Senna-Tabs, Senna-Time, SennaCon, Senno, Senokot.[12]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (1 January 2008). "Senna". Drugs.com. from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  2. ^ https://www.tga.gov.au/products/medicines/find-information-about-medicine/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database
  3. ^ a b c d Navti P (2010). Pharmacology for pharmacy and the health sciences : a patient-centred approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 337. ISBN 9780199559824. from the original on 5 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Senna(Powdered)". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b Wald A (January 2016). "Constipation: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment". JAMA (Review). 315 (2): 185–91. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16994. PMID 26757467.
  6. ^ a b Hamilton RJ (2010). Tarascon pharmacopoeia (2010 ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. p. 181. ISBN 9780763777685. from the original on 5 March 2016.
  7. ^ Khare CP (2004). Indian Herbal Remedies Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 133. ISBN 9783642186592. from the original on 5 March 2016.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  9. ^ a b "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Sennosides - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  11. ^ "Senna; Docusate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d e Lexicomp Online, Lexi Drugs Online, Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp, Inc.; 17 April 2014.
  13. ^ a b Drugs.com "Senna (Professional Patient Advice)". from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  14. ^ a b McQuaid KR (2012). "Chapter 62. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases.". In Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ (eds.). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  15. ^ "Senna: MedlinePlus Supplements". from the original on 6 April 2015.
  16. ^ Sharkey KA, Wallace JL (2011). "Chapter 46. Treatment of Disorders of Bowel Motility and Water Flux; Anti-Emetics; Agents Used in Biliary and Pancreatic Disease.". In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds.). Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  17. ^ Franz G (October 1993). "The senna drug and its chemistry". Pharmacology. 47 (Suppl. 1): 2–6. doi:10.1159/000139654. PMID 8234429.

January 01, 1970
senna, glycoside, also, known, sennoside, senna, medication, used, treat, constipation, empty, large, intestine, before, surgery, medication, taken, mouth, rectum, typically, begins, working, around, minutes, when, given, rectum, within, twelve, hours, when, g. Senna glycoside also known as sennoside or senna is a medication used to treat constipation and empty the large intestine before surgery 1 5 The medication is taken by mouth or via the rectum 1 6 It typically begins working in around 30 minutes when given by rectum and within twelve hours when given by mouth 3 It is a weaker laxative than bisacodyl and castor oil 1 Senna glycosideClinical dataTrade namesEx Lax Senokot others 1 AHFS Drugs comMonographMedlinePlusa601112License dataUS DailyMed SennaPregnancycategoryAU A 2 Routes ofadministrationBy mouth rectalATC codeA06AB06 WHO Legal statusLegal statusUK P Pharmacy medicines US OTC In general Over the counter OTC Pharmacokinetic dataOnset of actionMinutes by rectum 6 to 12 hours by mouth 3 IdentifiersIUPAC name 9 2 carboxy 4 hydroxy 10 oxo 5 3 4 5 trihydroxy 6 hydroxymethyl oxan 2 yl oxy 9H anthracen 9 yl 4 hydroxy 10 oxo 5 3 4 5 trihydroxy 6 hydroxymethyl oxan 2 yl oxy 9H anthracene 2 carboxylic acidCAS Number66575 30 2 YPubChem CID5199DrugBankDB11365 YChemSpider65892 NKEGGD02171Chemical and physical dataFormulaC 42H 38O 20 4 Molar mass862 746 g mol 1 N Y what is this verify Common side effects of senna glycoside include abdominal cramps 3 It is not recommended for long term use as it may result in poor bowel function or electrolyte problems 1 While no harm has been found to result from use while breastfeeding such use is not typically recommended 1 It is not typically recommended in children 1 Senna may change urine to a somewhat reddish color 1 Senna derivatives are a type of stimulant laxative and are of the anthraquinone type 1 While its mechanism of action is not entirely clear senna is thought to act by increasing fluid secretion within and contraction of the large intestine 1 Sennosides come from the group of plants Senna 3 In plant form it has been used at least since the 700s AD 7 It is on the World Health Organization s List of Essential Medicines 8 It is available as a generic medication 1 6 In 2021 it was the 270th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States with more than 1 million prescriptions 9 10 In 2021 the combination with docusate was the 275th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States with more than 800 000 prescriptions 9 11 It is sold under a number of brand names including Ex Lax and Senokot 1 Contents 1 Medical uses 1 1 Administration 2 Contraindications 3 Adverse effects 3 1 Interactions 4 Mechanism of action 5 Pharmacology 6 Society and culture 6 1 Formulations 6 2 Brand names 7 ReferencesMedical uses editSenna is used for episodic and chronic constipation though there is a lack of high quality evidence to support its use for these purposes 5 It may also be used to aid in the evacuation of the bowel prior to surgery or invasive rectal or colonic examinations 12 13 Administration edit Oral senna products typically produce a bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours Rectal suppositories can act within minutes or take up to two hours 14 Contraindications editAccording to Commission E senna is contraindicated in cases of intestinal obstruction acute intestinal inflammation e g Crohn s disease ulcerative colitis appendicitis and abdominal pain of unknown origin 12 Senna is considered contraindicated in people with a documented allergy to anthraquinones Such allergies are rare and typically limited to dermatological reactions of redness and itching 12 Adverse effects editAdverse effects are typically limited to gastrointestinal reactions and include abdominal pain or cramps diarrhea nausea and vomiting 12 Regular use of senna products can lead to a characteristic brown pigmentation of the internal colonic wall seen on colonoscopy This abnormal pigmentation is known as melanosis coli 14 Interactions edit Senna glycosides can increase digoxin toxicity in patients taking digoxin by reducing serum potassium levels thereby enhancing the effects of digoxin 15 Mechanism of action editThe breakdown products of senna act directly as irritants on the colonic wall to induce fluid secretion and colonic motility 16 Pharmacology editThey are anthraquinones derivatives and dimeric glycosides 17 Society and culture editFormulations edit Senna is an over the counter drug available in multiple formulations including oral formations liquid tablet granular and rectal suppositories Senna products are manufactured by multiple generic drug makers and sold under various brand names 13 Brand names edit Ex Lax Geri kot Perdiem Overnight Relief Senexon Pursennid Senna Smooth Senna Gen Senna GRX Senna Lax Senna Tabs Senna Time SennaCon Senno Senokot 12 References edit a b c d e f g h i j k l American Society of Health System Pharmacists 1 January 2008 Senna Drugs com Archived from the original on 6 September 2015 Retrieved 11 August 2015 https www tga gov au products medicines find information about medicine prescribing medicines pregnancy database a b c d Navti P 2010 Pharmacology for pharmacy and the health sciences a patient centred approach Oxford Oxford University Press p 337 ISBN 9780199559824 Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Senna Powdered PubChem U S National Library of Medicine a b Wald A January 2016 Constipation Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment JAMA Review 315 2 185 91 doi 10 1001 jama 2015 16994 PMID 26757467 a b Hamilton RJ 2010 Tarascon pharmacopoeia 2010 ed Sudbury Mass Jones and Bartlett p 181 ISBN 9780763777685 Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Khare CP 2004 Indian Herbal Remedies Rational Western Therapy Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage Botany Berlin Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg p 133 ISBN 9783642186592 Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 World Health Organization 2019 World Health Organization model list of essential medicines 21st list 2019 Geneva World Health Organization hdl 10665 325771 WHO MVP EMP IAU 2019 06 License CC BY NC SA 3 0 IGO a b The Top 300 of 2021 ClinCalc Archived from the original on 15 January 2024 Retrieved 14 January 2024 Sennosides Drug Usage Statistics ClinCalc Archived from the original on 18 January 2024 Retrieved 14 January 2024 Senna Docusate Drug Usage Statistics ClinCalc Archived from the original on 18 January 2024 Retrieved 14 January 2024 a b c d e Lexicomp Online Lexi Drugs Online Hudson Ohio Lexi Comp Inc 17 April 2014 a b Drugs com Senna Professional Patient Advice Archived from the original on 19 April 2014 Retrieved 17 April 2014 a b McQuaid KR 2012 Chapter 62 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases In Katzung BG Masters SB Trevor AJ eds Basic amp Clinical Pharmacology 12th ed New York NY McGraw Hill Archived from the original on 19 April 2014 Retrieved 18 April 2014 Senna MedlinePlus Supplements Archived from the original on 6 April 2015 Sharkey KA Wallace JL 2011 Chapter 46 Treatment of Disorders of Bowel Motility and Water Flux Anti Emetics Agents Used in Biliary and Pancreatic Disease In Brunton LL Chabner BA Knollmann BC eds Goodman amp Gilman s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th ed New York NY McGraw Hill Archived from the original on 19 April 2014 Retrieved 18 April 2014 Franz G October 1993 The senna drug and its chemistry Pharmacology 47 Suppl 1 2 6 doi 10 1159 000139654 PMID 8234429 Portal nbsp Medicine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Senna glycoside amp oldid 1221086261, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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