fbpx
Wikipedia

Euonymus alatus

January 01, 1970

Euonymus alatus, known variously as winged spindle, winged euonymus, or burning bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae, native to central and northern China, Japan, and Korea.

Euonymus alatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Celastrales
Family: Celastraceae
Genus: Euonymus
Species:
E. alatus
Binomial name
Euonymus alatus

The common name "burning bush" refers to its bright red fall color.

It is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and parks due to its bright pink or orange fruit and attractive fall color. The cultivars 'Compactus'[1] and 'Fire Ball'[2] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3]

Description edit

 

This deciduous shrub grows to 6.1 m (20 ft) tall, often wider than tall. As with the related Euonymus phellomanus, the stems are notable for their four corky ridges or "wings". The word alatus (or alata, used formerly) is Latin for "winged," in reference to the winged branches. These structures develop from a cork cambium deposited in longitudinal grooves in the twigs' first year, unlike similar wings in other plants.[4] The leaves are 2–7 cm (3⁄4–2+3⁄4 in) long and 1–4 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in) broad, ovate-elliptic, with an acute apex. The flowers are greenish, borne over a long period in the spring. The fruit is a red aril enclosed by a four-lobed pink, yellow, or orange capsule

 
Detail of leaves in autumn

All parts of the plant are toxic by ingestion, causing severe discomfort.[5]

Taxonomy edit

Euonymus alatus is native to northeastern Asia and China. In the United States, it was first introduced in the 1860s.[6]

Common names: burning bush, wing burning bush, winged euonymus, and winged spindle-tree.[6]

Distribution and habitat edit

Its native distribution extends from northeastern Asia to central China.[7] Besides central and eastern China, Euonymus alatus also appears in Korea, Japan, and the island of Sakhalin in Russia.[8] In its native areas, it occurs in forests, woodlands, and scrublands from sea level to 8,900 ft (2,700 m) elevation.[8]

Euonymus alatus is not native to North America. In the United States, it is found in New England, as well as Illinois, extending south to northern Florida and the Gulf Coast.[9] It is currently considered an invasive species in 21 states.

Uses edit

Generally cultivated for its ornamental qualities, attraction to wildlife, and ability to adapt to urban and suburban environments.[6] The shrub is commonly used in foundation planting, hedges, and along highways and commercial strips.[10] Sales across the United States are in the tens of millions of dollars every year.[10]

The corky winged stems are utilized in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine. It is used to treat conditions such as cancer, hyperglycemia, and diabetic complications.[11] Chemicals that have been isolated from this plant include flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, lignans, cardenolides, phenolic acids, and alkaloids.[11]

Invasive species edit

This plant is regarded as an invasive species of woodlands in eastern North America,[12] and its importation and sale is prohibited in the states of Massachusetts,[13] New Hampshire,[14] Maine,[15] Pennsylvania, and Vermont.[16]

A new seedless cultivar, named FIRE BALL SEEDLESS (Euonymus alatus 'NCEA1') has been developed by Dr. Thomas Ranney of North Carolina State University at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station in Mills River, North Carolina.[17][18]

References edit

  1. ^ "Euonymus alatus 'Compactus' AGM". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  2. ^ "Euonymus elatus 'Fire Ball'". RHS. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  3. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 37. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  4. ^ Bowen, R. A. (1963). "Botanical Gazette". Vol. 124, no. 4. pp. 256–261.
  5. ^ "Euonymus alatus". RHS. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Wenning, Bruce (13 April 2012). "Winged Euonymus: An Exotic Invasive Plant Fact Sheet". Ecological Landscape Alliance. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  7. ^ Fryer, Janet L. "Euonymus alatus. In: Fire Effects Information System". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Flora of China Project". Flora of China. eFloras.org/ Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
  9. ^ Kartesz, John T (1999). "A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland". Kartesz, John T.; Meacham, Christopher A. Synthesis of the North American Flora. North Carolina Botanical Garden. In Cooperation with: The Nature Conservancy; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service; U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1st.
  10. ^ a b "Sterile Variety of Invasive 'Burning Bush' Developed". Farm progress. University of Connecticut. 26 August 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  11. ^ a b Zhai, Xifeng; et al. (2016). "Euonymus alatus: A Review on Its Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016: 9425714: 1–12. doi:10.1155/2016/9425714. PMC 5014951. PMID 27642361.
  12. ^ Swearingen, J.; Slattery, B.; Reshetiloff, K. (2002). "Winged Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus)". Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas. National Park Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
  13. ^ "Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List". Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  14. ^ "Fact Sheet: Prohibited Invasive Plant Species Rules, Agr 3800" (PDF). New Hampshire Department of Agriculture, Markets and Food. 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  15. ^ "Burning Bush". Invasive Plants. Maine Natural Areas Program. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
  16. ^ "Noxious Weeds" (PDF). Quarantine #3: Noxious Weeds. Vermont Agency of Agriculture. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  17. ^ "Spring Meadow Nursery unveils first seedless burning bush". Greenhouse Product News Oct. 13, 2023.
  18. ^ "Breeding Non-Invasive Nursery Crops" (PDF). International Plant Propagator's Society Combined Proceedings Volume 57

Further reading edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euonymus alatus.

January 01, 1970
euonymus, alatus, known, variously, winged, spindle, winged, euonymus, burning, bush, species, flowering, plant, family, celastraceae, native, central, northern, china, japan, korea, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, kingd. Euonymus alatus known variously as winged spindle winged euonymus or burning bush is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae native to central and northern China Japan and Korea Euonymus alatus Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Celastrales Family Celastraceae Genus Euonymus Species E alatus Binomial name Euonymus alatus Thunb Siebold The common name burning bush refers to its bright red fall color It is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and parks due to its bright pink or orange fruit and attractive fall color The cultivars Compactus 1 and Fire Ball 2 have gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 3 Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Uses 5 Invasive species 6 References 7 Further readingDescription edit nbsp This deciduous shrub grows to 6 1 m 20 ft tall often wider than tall As with the related Euonymus phellomanus the stems are notable for their four corky ridges or wings The word alatus or alata used formerly is Latin for winged in reference to the winged branches These structures develop from a cork cambium deposited in longitudinal grooves in the twigs first year unlike similar wings in other plants 4 The leaves are 2 7 cm 3 4 2 3 4 in long and 1 4 cm 1 2 1 1 2 in broad ovate elliptic with an acute apex The flowers are greenish borne over a long period in the spring The fruit is a red aril enclosed by a four lobed pink yellow or orange capsule nbsp Detail of leaves in autumn All parts of the plant are toxic by ingestion causing severe discomfort 5 Taxonomy editEuonymus alatus is native to northeastern Asia and China In the United States it was first introduced in the 1860s 6 Common names burning bush wing burning bush winged euonymus and winged spindle tree 6 Distribution and habitat editIts native distribution extends from northeastern Asia to central China 7 Besides central and eastern China Euonymus alatus also appears in Korea Japan and the island of Sakhalin in Russia 8 In its native areas it occurs in forests woodlands and scrublands from sea level to 8 900 ft 2 700 m elevation 8 Euonymus alatus is not native to North America In the United States it is found in New England as well as Illinois extending south to northern Florida and the Gulf Coast 9 It is currently considered an invasive species in 21 states Uses editGenerally cultivated for its ornamental qualities attraction to wildlife and ability to adapt to urban and suburban environments 6 The shrub is commonly used in foundation planting hedges and along highways and commercial strips 10 Sales across the United States are in the tens of millions of dollars every year 10 The corky winged stems are utilized in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine It is used to treat conditions such as cancer hyperglycemia and diabetic complications 11 Chemicals that have been isolated from this plant include flavonoids terpenoids steroids lignans cardenolides phenolic acids and alkaloids 11 Invasive species editThis plant is regarded as an invasive species of woodlands in eastern North America 12 and its importation and sale is prohibited in the states of Massachusetts 13 New Hampshire 14 Maine 15 Pennsylvania and Vermont 16 A new seedless cultivar named FIRE BALL SEEDLESS Euonymus alatus NCEA1 has been developed by Dr Thomas Ranney of North Carolina State University at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station in Mills River North Carolina 17 18 References edit Euonymus alatus Compactus AGM RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 23 June 2020 Euonymus elatus Fire Ball RHS Retrieved 4 October 2023 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 37 Retrieved 20 February 2018 Bowen R A 1963 Botanical Gazette Vol 124 no 4 pp 256 261 Euonymus alatus RHS Retrieved 24 October 2022 a b c Wenning Bruce 13 April 2012 Winged Euonymus An Exotic Invasive Plant Fact Sheet Ecological Landscape Alliance Retrieved 15 May 2020 Fryer Janet L Euonymus alatus In Fire Effects Information System U S Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory Retrieved 12 May 2020 a b Flora of China Project Flora of China eFloras org Beijing Science Press St Louis MO Missouri Botanical Garden Press Kartesz John T 1999 A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States Canada and Greenland Kartesz John T Meacham Christopher A Synthesis of the North American Flora North Carolina Botanical Garden In Cooperation with The Nature Conservancy U S Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service U S Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 1st a b Sterile Variety of Invasive Burning Bush Developed Farm progress University of Connecticut 26 August 2011 Retrieved 21 May 2020 a b Zhai Xifeng et al 2016 Euonymus alatus A Review on Its Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 9425714 1 12 doi 10 1155 2016 9425714 PMC 5014951 PMID 27642361 Swearingen J Slattery B Reshetiloff K 2002 Winged Burning Bush Euonymus alatus Plant Invaders of Mid Atlantic Natural Areas National Park Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Service Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources Retrieved 4 July 2013 Fact Sheet Prohibited Invasive Plant Species Rules Agr 3800 PDF New Hampshire Department of Agriculture Markets and Food 2017 01 31 Retrieved 2018 07 30 Burning Bush Invasive Plants Maine Natural Areas Program Retrieved 2017 08 20 Noxious Weeds PDF Quarantine 3 Noxious Weeds Vermont Agency of Agriculture Retrieved 2022 10 08 Spring Meadow Nursery unveils first seedless burning bush Greenhouse Product News Oct 13 2023 Breeding Non Invasive Nursery Crops PDF International Plant Propagator s Society Combined Proceedings Volume 57Further reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euonymus alatus Rhoads A F Block T A 2000 The Plants of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 0 8122 3535 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Euonymus alatus amp oldid 1195163276, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.