In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Gutiérrez and the second or maternal family name is Ortiz.
Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz (February 2, 1881 – August 12, 1939) was a general in the Mexican Revolution from state of Coahuila. He is most notable for his election as provisional president of Mexico during the Aguascalientes Convention and led the country for a few months between November 6, 1914, and January 16, 1915. The Convention was convened by revolutionaries who had successfully ousted the regime of Victoriano Huerta after more than a year of conflict. Gutiérrez rather than "First Chief" (Primer Jefe) Venustiano Carranza was chosen president of Mexico and a new round of violence broke out as revolutionary factions previously united turned against each other. "The high point of Gutiérrez's career occurred when he moved with the Conventionist army to shoulder the responsibilities of his new office [of president]."[1] Gutiérrez's government was weak and he could not control the two main generals of the Army of the Convention, Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. Gutiérrez moved the capital of his government from Mexico City to San Luis Potosí. He resigned as president and made peace with Carranza.[1] He went into exile in the United States, but later returned to Mexico.[1] He died in 1939, outliving many other major figures of the Mexican Revolution.
He was born on the Hacienda de Santo Domingo, in the municipality of Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila. In his youth he was a shepherd and a miner in Concepción del Oro, Zacatecas, where after some years he was named mayor of the municipality.
During the Aguascalientes Convention, he was named the provisional president of the Republic on November 1, 1914, and assumed the position two days later. His cabinet was composed of Lucio Blanco as Interior Minister; José Vasconcelos as Minister for Public Instruction and Fine Arts; Valentín Gama as Minister for Public Works; Felícitos Villarreal as Finance Minister; José Isabel Robles as Minister of War (Guerra y Marina); Manuel Palafox as Agriculture Minister; Manuel Chao as Mayor of the Distrito Federal; Mateo Almanza as Commander of the National Guard (Guarnición de México), and Pánfilo Natera as president of the Supreme Military Tribunal.
A month after he took office, revolutionary leaders Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata took Mexico City. Gutiérrez's government was moved to the national capital, now in the hands of the Army of the Convention. Relations with Villa were strained to the point Villa had ordered the Minister of War (his superior), to execute President Gutiérrez in January 1915.[3] In 1915, Gutiérrez told Vasconcelos that "The Mexican landscape smells of blood."[4] Gutiérrez decided to leave the capital on January 16, 1915, and moved his government to San Luis Potosí, where he declared both Villa and Carranza traitors to the "revolutionary spirit" and formally resigned the presidency on July 2, 1915. Another source gives the date of his resignation as May 1915.[1]
Later yearsEdit
After exiling himself to the United States, he returned to Mexico in 1920 under the amnesty of Álvaro Obregón and was elected senator and governor of Coahuila in 1928. Later on, he publicly criticized the re-election of Álvaro Obregón in 1928 (assassinated before he could take office) and the Maximato of former president Plutarco Elías Calles (the period during which Calles was Jefe Máximo, "Maximum Chief", and ruled via puppet presidents). He joined the rebellion of José Gonzalo Escobar.
After the defeat of that rebellion, he exiled himself to San Antonio, Texas, U.S., and did not return to Mexico until 1935. Four years later, he died in the city of Saltillo.
^After the ousting of President Victoriano Huerta and the brief presidency of Carvajal, Venustiano Carranza formed the Constitutionalist Army and proclaimed himself leader of Mexico, while the forces of Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata held the Convention of Aguascalientes and ended up having three men serve as President, with Gutiérrez being the first. The United States ultimately recognized Carranza as the legitimate leader of Mexico, though Gutiérrezo is still seen as an official Mexican president, though it was disputed at the time. When Francisco Lagos Cházaro was forced into exile, the string of Conventionalist presidents ended and Carranza continued his conflict against Villa and Zapata as the de facto leader of Mexico.
ReferencesEdit
This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of 19 Nov 2004.
^ abcdMarcoux, Carl Henry. "Eulalio Gutiérrez" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1, p. 620. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
^Cumberland, Charles C. Mexican Revolution: The Constitutionalist Years. Austin: University of Texas Press 1972, p. 182.
^quoted in Enrique Krauze, Mexico: Biography of Power, New York: HarperCollins 1997, p. 722.
Further readingEdit
Marcoux, Carl Henry. "Eulalio Gutiérrez" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1, pp. 619–620. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
Quirk, Robert E. (1963). The Mexican revolution, 1914-1915: the Convention of Aguascalientes. Citadel Press. pp. 150ff.
October 22, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Eulalio Gutierrez news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Gutierrez and the second or maternal family name is Ortiz Eulalio Gutierrez Ortiz February 2 1881 August 12 1939 was a general in the Mexican Revolution from state of Coahuila He is most notable for his election as provisional president of Mexico during the Aguascalientes Convention and led the country for a few months between November 6 1914 and January 16 1915 The Convention was convened by revolutionaries who had successfully ousted the regime of Victoriano Huerta after more than a year of conflict Gutierrez rather than First Chief Primer Jefe Venustiano Carranza was chosen president of Mexico and a new round of violence broke out as revolutionary factions previously united turned against each other The high point of Gutierrez s career occurred when he moved with the Conventionist army to shoulder the responsibilities of his new office of president 1 Gutierrez s government was weak and he could not control the two main generals of the Army of the Convention Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata Gutierrez moved the capital of his government from Mexico City to San Luis Potosi He resigned as president and made peace with Carranza 1 He went into exile in the United States but later returned to Mexico 1 He died in 1939 outliving many other major figures of the Mexican Revolution Eulalio Gutierrez Ortiz41st President of Mexicoby the Convention of AguascalientesIn office November 6 1914 January 16 1915Preceded byFrancisco S Carvajal as constitutional President of Mexico a Succeeded byRoque Gonzalez GarzaPersonal detailsBorn 1881 02 02 February 2 1881Santo Domingo Ramos Arizpe Municipality CoahuilaDiedAugust 12 1939 1939 08 12 aged 58 Saltillo CoahuilaNationalityMexicanPolitical partyConventionist Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life and political career 1 2 Later years 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 Further readingBiography EditEarly life and political career Edit He was born on the Hacienda de Santo Domingo in the municipality of Ramos Arizpe Coahuila In his youth he was a shepherd and a miner in Concepcion del Oro Zacatecas where after some years he was named mayor of the municipality After joining Ricardo Flores Magon s Mexican Liberal Party Partido Liberal Mexicano for a short period he affiliated with the Anti reelectionist Party Partido Antirreleccionista of Francisco I Madero in 1909 2 As with many revolutionaries Gutierrez was not a trained soldier but combat in the Mexican Revolution showed his skill 2 He participated in the Mexican Revolution after which he returned to his native state where he was elected mayor of Ramos Arizpe After the coup d etat of Victoriano Huerta he took up arms again and placed himself under the orders of Pablo Gonzalez Garza in the Constitutionalist Army of Venustiano Carranza nbsp Francisco Villa left Eulalio Gutierrez center and Emiliano Zapata right at the Mexican National Palace 1914 During the Aguascalientes Convention he was named the provisional president of the Republic on November 1 1914 and assumed the position two days later His cabinet was composed of Lucio Blanco as Interior Minister Jose Vasconcelos as Minister for Public Instruction and Fine Arts Valentin Gama as Minister for Public Works Felicitos Villarreal as Finance Minister Jose Isabel Robles as Minister of War Guerra y Marina Manuel Palafox as Agriculture Minister Manuel Chao as Mayor of the Distrito Federal Mateo Almanza as Commander of the National Guard Guarnicion de Mexico and Panfilo Natera as president of the Supreme Military Tribunal nbsp A month after he took office revolutionary leaders Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata took Mexico City Gutierrez s government was moved to the national capital now in the hands of the Army of the Convention Relations with Villa were strained to the point Villa had ordered the Minister of War his superior to execute President Gutierrez in January 1915 3 In 1915 Gutierrez told Vasconcelos that The Mexican landscape smells of blood 4 Gutierrez decided to leave the capital on January 16 1915 and moved his government to San Luis Potosi where he declared both Villa and Carranza traitors to the revolutionary spirit and formally resigned the presidency on July 2 1915 Another source gives the date of his resignation as May 1915 1 Later years Edit After exiling himself to the United States he returned to Mexico in 1920 under the amnesty of Alvaro Obregon and was elected senator and governor of Coahuila in 1928 Later on he publicly criticized the re election of Alvaro Obregon in 1928 assassinated before he could take office and the Maximato of former president Plutarco Elias Calles the period during which Calles was Jefe Maximo Maximum Chief and ruled via puppet presidents He joined the rebellion of Jose Gonzalo Escobar After the defeat of that rebellion he exiled himself to San Antonio Texas U S and did not return to Mexico until 1935 Four years later he died in the city of Saltillo See also Edit nbsp Mexico portalList of heads of state of MexicoNotes Edit After the ousting of President Victoriano Huerta and the brief presidency of Carvajal Venustiano Carranza formed the Constitutionalist Army and proclaimed himself leader of Mexico while the forces of Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata held the Convention of Aguascalientes and ended up having three men serve as President with Gutierrez being the first The United States ultimately recognized Carranza as the legitimate leader of Mexico though Gutierrezo is still seen as an official Mexican president though it was disputed at the time When Francisco Lagos Chazaro was forced into exile the string of Conventionalist presidents ended and Carranza continued his conflict against Villa and Zapata as the de facto leader of Mexico References EditThis article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish language Wikipedia which was accessed in the version of 19 Nov 2004 a b c d Marcoux Carl Henry Eulalio Gutierrez in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol 1 p 620 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn 1997 a b Marcoux Eulalio Gutierrez p 619 Cumberland Charles C Mexican Revolution The Constitutionalist Years Austin University of Texas Press 1972 p 182 quoted in Enrique Krauze Mexico Biography of Power New York HarperCollins 1997 p 722 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Eulalio Gutierrez news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Further reading EditMarcoux Carl Henry Eulalio Gutierrez in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol 1 pp 619 620 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn 1997 Quirk Robert E 1963 The Mexican revolution 1914 1915 the Convention of Aguascalientes Citadel Press pp 150ff Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eulalio Gutierrez amp oldid 1173910466, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
