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List of heads of state of Mexico

January 07, 2023

The Head of State of Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country. Under the current constitution, this responsibility lies with the President of the United Mexican States, who is head of the supreme executive power of the Mexican Union.[1] Throughout its history, Mexico has had several forms of government. Under the federal constitutions, the title of President was the same as the current one. Under the Seven Laws (centralist), the chief executive was named President of the Republic. In addition, there have been two periods of monarchical rule, during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Mexico.

The chronology of the heads of state of Mexico is complicated due to the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Mexican presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas, each president remained in office an average of fifteen months.[2]

This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed the Mexican Executive duties during periods of transition.

First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)

Main article: First Mexican Empire

First Regency

After the end of the Mexican War of Independence, a Provisional Board of Governing consisting of thirty-four persons was set up. The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire and appointed a regency composed of six people.

Members[3] Term of office
Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office
  Juan O'Donojú 28 September 1821 8 October 1821

(died in office)

10 days
  Agustín de Iturbide 28 September 1821 11 April 1822 195 days
  Manuel de la Barcéna 28 September 1821 11 April 1822
  José Isidro Yañez 28 September 1821 11 April 1822
  Manuel Velázquez de León 28 September 1821 11 April 1822
  Antonio Pérez Martínez 8 October 1821 11 April 1822 185 days

Second Regency

Members Term of office
Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office
  Agustín de Iturbide 11 April 1822 18 May 1822 37 days
  José Isidro Yañez
  Miguel Valentín
  Manuel de Heras
  Nicolás Bravo

Monarchy of Agustín de Iturbide I

Main article: First Mexican Empire
Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Royal house Coat of arms
Reign start Reign end Duration
  Agustín I
(1783–1824) 		19 May 1822 19 March 1823 304 days Iturbide  

Provisional Government (1823–1824)

Main article: Provisional Government of Mexico

The Provisional Government of 1823–1824 was an organization that served as the Executive in the government of Mexico after the abdication of Agustín I, monarch of Mexican Empire in 1823.[4] The provisional government was responsible for convening the body that created the Federal Republic and existed from 1 April 1823 to 10 October 1824.[5]

Head of State[6][7][8] Term of office
Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office
  Nicolás Bravo 31 March 1823 10 October 1824 1 year, 193 days
  Guadalupe Victoria
  Pedro Celestino Negrete
  José Mariano Michelena 1 April 1823 10 October 1824 1 year, 192 days
  Miguel Domínguez
  Vicente Guerrero

First Federal Republic (1824–1835)

Main article: First Mexican Republic

The president and vice president did not run jointly and could be from different parties.

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of office Political party Vice President Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
1   Guadalupe Victoria
(1786–1843) 		10 October 1824 31 March 1829 4 years, 172 days Independent Nicolás Bravo First constitutionally elected President of Mexico, and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.[9]
2   Vicente Guerrero
(1782–1831) 		1 April 1829 17 December 1829 260 days Liberal Party Anastasio Bustamante He was appointed by Congress after the "resignation" of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza.[10][11]
3   José María Bocanegra
(1787–1862) 		17 December 1829 23 December 1829 6 days Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		Vacant He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his conservative Vice President Bustamante.[12][13]
  Vélez -Quintanar-Alaman
(Triumvirate) 		23 December 1829 31 December 1829 8 Days Liberal Party

(Pedro Vélez)

independent (Luis Quintanar and Lucas Alamán)

Vacant Pedro Vélez president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar.[14]
4   Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		1 January 1830 13 August 1832 2 years, 225 days Conservative Party Vacant As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the conservative coup against Guerrero.[15]
5   Melchor Múzquiz
(1790–1844) 		14 August 1832 24 December 1832 132 days Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		vacant He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.[16][17][18]
6   Manuel Gómez Pedraza
(1789–1851) 		24 December 1832 31 March 1833 97 days Federalist York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		Vacant He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829, had he not "resigned" prior to inauguration, as the winner of the elections of 1828.[19][20]
7   Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		1 April 1833 16 May 1833 45 days Liberal Party Himself As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
[21][22][23]
8   Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		16 May 1833 3 June 1833 18 days Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally-elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gómez Farías four more times until 24 April 1834.
[22][24][25][26]
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		3 June 1833 18 June 1833 15 days Liberal Party Himself
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		18 June 1833 5 July 1833 17 days Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		5 July 1833 27 October 1833 114 days Liberal Party Himself
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		27 October 1833 15 December 1833 47 days Conservative Party Valentín Gómez Farías
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		16 December 1833 24 April 1834 135 Days Liberal Party Himself He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. Santa Anna took office again aligned with conservatives; Gómez Farías went into exile.[23][27]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		24 April 1834 27 January 1835 288 days Conservative Party Valentín Gómez Farías He cancelled the liberal reforms. On 27 January, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Gómez Farías as Vice President.[23][27][28]
9   Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		28 January 1835 27 February 1836 1 year,

30 days

Liberal Party Vacant He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the rebellion of Zacatecas. On 23 October, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.[29][30][31][32]

Centralist Republic (1835–1846)

Main article: Centralist Republic of Mexico
No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
9   Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		28 January 1835 27 February 1836 1 year,

30 days

Liberal Party He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.[29]
10   José Justo Corro
(1794–1864) 		27 February 1836 19 April 1837 1 year,

51 days

Conservative Party He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term.
During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and
Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico.[33][34][35]
  Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		19 April 1837 18 March 1839 1 year, 339 Days Conservative Party He took office as constitutional elected president.
He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term.[36][37]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		18 March 1839 10 July 1839 115 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.[24][38]
11   Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		11 July 1839 19 July 1839 8 days Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.[26][39][40]
  Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		19 July 1839 22 September 1841 2 years, 65 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency.[26][41]
12   Francisco Javier Echeverría
(1797–1852) 		22 September 1841 10 October 1841 18 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna, and Gabriel Valencia.
He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.[42][43][44]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		10 October 1841 26 October 1842 1 year,

16 days

Conservative Party He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments).[45][46][47]
  Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		26 October 1842 4 March 1843 29 Days Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.[40][47]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		4 March 1843 4 October 1843 224 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.[48]
13   Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		4 October 1843 4 June 1844 244 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.[49][50]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		4 June 1844 12 September 1844 100 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on 2 January 1844.[51][52]
14   José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		12 September 1844 21 September 1844 9 days Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.[52][53]
  Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		21 September 1844 6 December 1844 76 days Conservative Party He assumed the presidency as interim president.[54]
  José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		6 December 1844 30 December 1845 1 year,

24 days

Liberal Party He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate
after Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.[53][55][56]
15   Mariano Paredes
(1797–1849) 		31 December 1845 28 July 1846 271 Days Conservative Party He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera.
On 12 June, he was appointed interim president.[57][58]
Vice President[58]
Nicolás Bravo
  Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		28 July 1846 4 August 1846 7 days Conservative Party He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican–American War.
He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.[59][60][61]
16   José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		5 August 1846 23 December 1846 140 days Conservative Party He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela).
He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on 22 August.[62][63][64]
He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic.

Second Federal Republic (1846–1863)

Main article: Second Federal Republic of Mexico
No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
16   José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		5 August 1846 23 December 1846 140 days Conservative Party After he restored federalism, he called elections.
Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.[62][65]
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		23 December 1846 21 March 1847 94 Days Liberal Party As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the invading U.S. Army in the Mexican–American War.[66]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		21 March 1847 2 April 1847 12 days Conservative Party He took office as elected interim president.[67]
Vice President
Valentín Gómez Farías
17   Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		2 April 1847 20 May 1847 48 days Liberal Party Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.[68][69][70]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		20 May 1847 15 September 1847 135 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican–American War.[71][72]
18   Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		16 September 1847 13 November 1847 65 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.[73][74]
  Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		13 November 1847 8 January 1848 46 days Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Peña y Peña left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States.
  Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		8 January 1848 3 June 1848 146 Days Liberal Party He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned
after refusing to give any land to the United States.[75]
During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
  José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		3 June 1848 15 January 1851 3 years, 247 days Liberal Party He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.[76]
19   Mariano Arista
(1802–1855) 		15 January 1851 5 January 1853 1 years, 356 days Liberal Party He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, the goal of which was to bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.[77]
20   Juan Bautista Ceballos
(1811–1859) 		6 January 1853 7 February 1853 32 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.[78]
21   Manuel María Lombardini
(1802–1853) 		8 February 1853 20 April 1853 72 days Conservative Party He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.[79]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		20 April 1853 5 August 1855 2 years, 106 days Conservative Party He swore as President but ruled as dictator.
He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness).[80][81]
The Mexican National Anthem was composed during his presidency.[82][83]
22   Martín Carrera
(1806–1871) 		5 August 1855 12 September 1855 38 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla
but he took office until 15 August.[83][84]
23   Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
(1800–1877) 		12 September 1855 3 October 1855 21 days Conservative Party He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation.[85][86]
24   Juan Álvarez
(1790–1867) 		4 October 1855 11 December 1855 69 days Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.[87][88]
25   Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863) 		11 December 1855 17 December 1857 2 years,

6 days

Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned.
He became constitutional president on 1 December 1857.[89][90]

Reform War 1858-60

Main article: Reform War

There were two rival governments during the civil war of the Reform, which the liberals won.

President recognized by the Liberals

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
26   Benito Juárez
(1806–1872) 		18 December 1857 18 July 1872 15 years, 212 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on 18 January 1858.
The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War.[91]

Presidents recognized by the Conservatives

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
  Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863) 		17 December 1857 21 January 1858 35 days Liberal Party After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was no longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.[92][93]
27   Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		11 January 1858 24 December 1858 347 Days Conservative Party After disowning Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.[94]
28   Manuel Robles Pezuela
(1817–1862) 		24 December 1858 23 January 1859 30 days Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad.[95][96]
  Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		24 January 1859 1 February 1859 8 days Conservative Party He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón.[95][97]
29   Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		2 February 1859 13 August 1860 1 year, 201 days Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.[98]
30   José Ignacio Pavón
(1791–1866) 		13 August 1860 15 August 1860 2 days Conservative Party As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government,
he took office for two days when Miramón left office.[99]
  Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		15 August 1860 24 December 1860 131 days Conservative Party He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected
by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives.
He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.[100]
  Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		23 May 1861 28 December 1862 1 year, 229 days Conservative Party Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until 28 December, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.[101]

Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)

Main article: Second Mexican Empire

Regency

On 22 June 1863, a "Superior Governing Board" was established. On 11 July, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.[102][103]

Members[3] Term of office Political party
Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office
  Juan Nepomuceno Almonte 11 July 1863 10 April 1864 Conservative Party
  José Mariano Salas
  Pelagio Antonio de Labastida 19 October 1863 10 April 1864

Monarchy of Maximilian I

Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Reign Royal house Coat of arms
Reign start Reign ended Duration
  Maximilian I
(1832–1867) 		10 April 1864 19 June 1867 3 years, 70 days Habsburg-Lorraine  

Restored Republic (1867–1876)

Main article: Restored Republic (Mexico)
No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Elected Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
  Benito Juárez
(1806–1872) 		— 18 December 1857 11 June 1861 15 years, 212 days Liberal Party The first term he was interim president during the Reform War.
The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on 1 December.
The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion.
The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic.
1861 11 June 1861 30 November 1865
— 1 December 1865 30 November 1867
1867 1 December 1867 30 November 1871
1871 1 December 1871 18 July 1872
31   Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
(1823–1889) 		— 18 July 1872 30 November 1872 4 years, 125 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was the winner or the extraordinary election of 1872 and became constitutional president. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his constitutional term.[104]
1872 1 December 1872 20 November 1876
32   José María Iglesias
(1823–1891) 		— 26 October 1876 28 November 1876 33 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he voided, on grounds of fraud, the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid, and then declared himself interim president. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on 20 November, he became constitutional interim president.[105]

Porfiriato (1876–1911)

Main article: Porfiriato
No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Elected Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
33   Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		— 28 November 1876 6 December 1876 8 days Liberal Party He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.[106]
34   Juan N. Méndez
(1820–1894) 		— 6 December 1876 17 February 1877 72 days Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.[107]
  Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		1877 17 February 1877 30 November 1880 3 years,

296 days

Liberal Party He reassumed the presidency. On 5 May, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.[108]
35   Manuel González Flores
(1833–1893) 		1880 1 December 1880 30 November 1884 4 years Liberal Party He was the winner of the 1880 general election.[109]
  Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		1884 1 December 1884 30 November 1888 26 years, 176 days National Porfirist Party
National Reelectionist Party 		He was the winner of the general election in 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910.
He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution.[110]
1888 1 December 1888 30 November 1892
1892 1 December 1892 30 November 1896
1896 1 December 1896 30 November 1900
1900 1 December 1900 30 November 1904
1904 1 December 1904 30 November 1910 Vice President
Ramón Corral
(since 1904)
1910 1 December 1910 25 May 1911

Revolution (1911–1928)

Main article: Mexican Revolution
Political parties

  Progressive Constitutionalist Party
  Independent

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Elected Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
36   Francisco León de la Barra
(1863–1939) 		— 25 May 1911 5 November 1911 164 days Independent According to the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez, he assumed office as interim president. Immediately called for elections.[111]
37 [112]   Francisco I. Madero
(1873–1913) 		1911 6 November 1911 19 February 1913 1 years,

106 days

Progressive Constitutionalist Party He was the winner of the 1911 general election.
He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days organized by Victoriano Huerta, Félix Díaz and the U.S. ambassador Henry L. Wilson. He was murdered two days later along with the vice president Pino Suárez.[113][114]
Vice President
José María Pino Suárez
38   Pedro Lascuráin
(1856–1952) 		— 19 February 1913 about 45 minutes Independent As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of the Interior and then resigned the Presidency.[115]
39   Victoriano Huerta
(1850–1916) 		— 19 February 1913 15 July 1914 1 year,

139 days

Independent He assumed office via a coup against Francisco I. Madero. He was defeated by the Constitutional Army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza.[116][117]
40   Francisco S. Carvajal
(1870–1932) 		— 15 July 1914 13 August 1914 29 days Independent He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta.
He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan.[118]

Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes

Main article: Convention of Aguascalientes

The Conventionists were followers of revolutionary generals Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. They fought a civil war with the followers of revolutionaries under Venustiano Carranza.

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of office Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
41   Eulalio Gutiérrez
(1881–1939) 		6 November 1914 16 January 1915 71 days He was appointed provisional president.[119]
42   Roque González Garza
(1885–1962) 		16 January 1915 10 June 1915 115 days He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City.[120]
43   Francisco Lagos Cházaro
(1878–1932) 		10 June 1915 10 October 1915 122 days He assumed office as provisional president when González Garza resigned.[121]

Constitutionalist victory and restoration of democracy

The revolutionary Constitutionalist Army under the authority "First Chief" Venustiano Carranza defeated the Army of the Convention in 1915, with a new constitution drafted in 1916-17.

Political parties

  Liberal Constitutionalist Party
  Laborist Party

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Elected Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
44   Venustiano Carranza
(1859–1920) 		1917 Head of the Executive Power
First Chief of the Constitutional Army 		2 years,

261 days

Liberal Constitutionalist Party He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal.
He did not immediately call for presidential elections, which he had promised under the Plan of Guadalupe but ruled as the "pre-constitutional" head of government. He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the 1917 general election and took office as Constitutional President on 1 May 1917.
He died during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta, led by three revolutionary generals.[122]
13 August 1914 30 April 1917
President of Mexico 3 years,

21 days

1 May 1917 21 May 1920
45   Adolfo de la Huerta
(1881–1955) 		— 1 June 1920 30 November 1920 182 days Liberal Constitutionalist Party He was one of the leaders of the coup against Carranza, who had attempted to impose a civilian successor in 1920. De la Huerta was appointed provisional president by Congress.[123]
46   Álvaro Obregón
(1880–1928) 		1920 1 December 1920 30 November 1924 4 years Laborist Party He was the most successful general of the Constitutionalist Army and joined the rebellion against Carranza. When elections were held in the aftermath of the coup, he was the winner of the 1920 general election.[124] Obregón designated Plutarco Elías Calles as his successor; fellow Sonoran general Adolfo de la Huerta rebelled with considerable revolutionary army support, but Obregón crushed the rebellion.
47   Plutarco Elías Calles
(1877–1945) 		1924 1 December 1924 30 November 1928 4 years Laborist Party He was the winner of the 1924 general election.[125] He changed the constitution to allow non-consecutive election of a president, allowing Obregón to run again in 1928. Obregón was re-elected but was assassinated before being sworn in. Calles then founded the political party that managed presidential succession until 2000.

Maximato (1928–1934)

Main article: Maximato

President-elect Obregón was assassinated before he was inaugurated for a six-year presidential term. Calles brought together revolutionaries to found a political party. Calles could not succeed himself as president, but he remained the power behind the presidency as the jefe máximo (maximum chief).

Political parties

  National Revolutionary Party

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Elected Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
48   Emilio Portes Gil
(1890–1978) 		— 1 December 1928 4 February 1930 1 year,

65 days

National Revolutionary Party He was appointed interim president by Congress, after the assassination of the winner of the 1928 general election, president-elect Álvaro Obregón.[126]
49   Pascual Ortiz Rubio
(1877–1963) 		1929 5 February 1930 4 September 1932 2 years,

213 days

National Revolutionary Party He was the winner of the 1929 general election.
He resigned due to the intervention of Calles in his government.[127][128]
50   Abelardo L. Rodríguez
(1889–1967) 		— 4 September 1932 30 November 1934 2 years,

87 days

National Revolutionary Party He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1928–1934 term.[129]

Modern Mexico (1934–present)

Main article: Sexenio (Mexico)

After the constitutional reform of 1926, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928; with a formal ban on reelection. After the 1934 general election, all the presidents have completed their six-year terms.

Political parties

  Institutional Revolutionary Party
  National Action Party
  National Regeneration Movement

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Elected Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
51   Lázaro Cárdenas
(1895–1970) 		1934 1 December 1934 30 November 1940 6 years National Revolutionary Party
52   Manuel Ávila Camacho
(1897–1955) 		1940 1 December 1940 30 November 1946 6 years Party of the Mexican Revolution
53   Miguel Alemán Valdés
(1900–1983) 		1946 1 December 1946 30 November 1952 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
54   Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
(1889–1973) 		1952 1 December 1952 30 November 1958 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
55   Adolfo López Mateos
(1909–1969) 		1958 1 December 1958 30 November 1964 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
56   Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
(1911–1979) 		1964 1 December 1964 30 November 1970 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
57   Luis Echeverría
(1922–2022) 		1970 1 December 1970 30 November 1976 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
58   José López Portillo
(1920–2004) 		1976 1 December 1976 30 November 1982 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
59   Miguel de la Madrid
(1934–2012) 		1982 1 December 1982 30 November 1988 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
60   Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(born 1948) 		1988 1 December 1988 30 November 1994 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
61   Ernesto Zedillo
(born 1951) 		1994 1 December 1994 30 November 2000 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
62   Vicente Fox
(born 1942) 		2000 1 December 2000 30 November 2006 6 years National Action Party
63   Felipe Calderón
(born 1962) 		2006 1 December 2006 30 November 2012 6 years National Action Party
64   Enrique Peña Nieto
(born 1966) 		2012 1 December 2012 30 November 2018 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party
65   Andrés Manuel López Obrador
(born 1953) 		2018 1 December 2018 Incumbent
(Term ends 30 September 2024)[130]		 4 years, 36 days National Regeneration Movement

Presidents who died in office

President Term of office Date of death Notes
Benito Juárez 1857–1872 18 July 1872 (aged 66) Only President of Mexico who died of natural causes while in office.
Venustiano Carranza 1914–1920 21 May 1920 (aged 60) Only President of Mexico to be assassinated while in office.

Timeline

Andrés Manuel López ObradorEnrique Peña NietoFelipe CalderónVicente FoxErnesto ZedilloCarlos Salinas de GortariMiguel de la MadridJosé López PortilloLuis EcheverríaGustavo Díaz OrdazAdolfo López MateosAdolfo Ruiz CortinesMiguel Alemán ValdésManuel Ávila CamachoLázaro CárdenasAbelardo L. RodríguezPascual Ortiz RubioEmilio Portes GilPlutarco Elías CallesÁlvaro ObregónAdolfo de la HuertaVenustiano CarranzaLagos ChazaroGonzales GarzaEulalio GutiérrezFrancisco S. CarvajalVictoriano HuertaPedro LascuráinFrancisco I. MaderoFrancisco León de la BarraManuel González FloresJuan Nepomuceno MéndezPorfirio DíazJosé María IglesiasSebastián Lerdo de TejadaMaximilian I of MexicoPelagio Antonio de LabastidaJuan Nepomuceno AlmonteBenito JuárezIgnacio ComonfortJuan ÁlvarezRómulo Díaz de la VegaMartín CarreraManuel María LombardiniJuan Bautista CeballosMariano AristaManuel de la Peña y PeñaPedro María de AnayaJosé Mariano SalasMariano ParedesJosé Joaquín de HerreraValentín CanalizoFrancisco Javier EcheverríaJosé Justo CorroMiguel BarragánAntonio López de Santa AnnaValentín Gómez FaríasManuel Gómez PedrazaMelchor MúzquizAnastasio BustamantePedro VélezJosé Maria BocanegraVicente GuerreroMiguel DomínguezMariano MichelenaPedro Celestino NegreteGuadalupe VictoriaNicolás BravoManuel de HerasMiguel ValentínManuel Velázquez de LeónJosé Isidro YañezManuel de la BarcénaAntonio Pérez MartínezJuan O'DonojúAgustín de Iturbide

See also

References

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External links

  • (in Spanish) Lista de gobernantes de México Official List

January 07, 2023
list, heads, state, mexico, head, state, mexico, person, controls, executive, power, country, under, current, constitution, this, responsibility, lies, with, president, united, mexican, states, head, supreme, executive, power, mexican, union, throughout, histo. The Head of State of Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country Under the current constitution this responsibility lies with the President of the United Mexican States who is head of the supreme executive power of the Mexican Union 1 Throughout its history Mexico has had several forms of government Under the federal constitutions the title of President was the same as the current one Under the Seven Laws centralist the chief executive was named President of the Republic In addition there have been two periods of monarchical rule during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Mexico The chronology of the heads of state of Mexico is complicated due to the country s political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century With few exceptions most of the Mexican presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms Until the presidency of Lazaro Cardenas each president remained in office an average of fifteen months 2 This list also includes the self appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed the Mexican Executive duties during periods of transition Contents 1 First Mexican Empire 1821 1823 1 1 First Regency 1 2 Second Regency 1 3 Monarchy of Agustin de Iturbide I 2 Provisional Government 1823 1824 3 First Federal Republic 1824 1835 4 Centralist Republic 1835 1846 5 Second Federal Republic 1846 1863 5 1 Reform War 1858 60 5 1 1 President recognized by the Liberals 5 1 2 Presidents recognized by the Conservatives 6 Second Mexican Empire 1863 1867 6 1 Regency 6 2 Monarchy of Maximilian I 7 Restored Republic 1867 1876 8 Porfiriato 1876 1911 9 Revolution 1911 1928 9 1 Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes 9 2 Constitutionalist victory and restoration of democracy 10 Maximato 1928 1934 11 Modern Mexico 1934 present 12 Presidents who died in office 13 Timeline 14 See also 15 References 16 External linksFirst Mexican Empire 1821 1823 EditMain article First Mexican Empire First Regency Edit After the end of the Mexican War of Independence a Provisional Board of Governing consisting of thirty four persons was set up The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire and appointed a regency composed of six people Members 3 Term of officePortrait Name Took office Left office Time in office Juan O Donoju 28 September 1821 8 October 1821 died in office 10 days Agustin de Iturbide 28 September 1821 11 April 1822 195 days Manuel de la Barcena 28 September 1821 11 April 1822 Jose Isidro Yanez 28 September 1821 11 April 1822 Manuel Velazquez de Leon 28 September 1821 11 April 1822 Antonio Perez Martinez 8 October 1821 11 April 1822 185 daysSecond Regency Edit Members Term of officePortrait Name Took office Left office Time in office Agustin de Iturbide 11 April 1822 18 May 1822 37 days Jose Isidro Yanez Miguel Valentin Manuel de Heras Nicolas BravoMonarchy of Agustin de Iturbide I Edit Main article First Mexican Empire Portrait Name Birth Death Reign Royal house Coat of armsReign start Reign end Duration Agustin I 1783 1824 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 304 days Iturbide Provisional Government 1823 1824 EditMain article Provisional Government of Mexico The Provisional Government of 1823 1824 was an organization that served as the Executive in the government of Mexico after the abdication of Agustin I monarch of Mexican Empire in 1823 4 The provisional government was responsible for convening the body that created the Federal Republic and existed from 1 April 1823 to 10 October 1824 5 Head of State 6 7 8 Term of officePortrait Name Took office Left office Time in office Nicolas Bravo 31 March 1823 10 October 1824 1 year 193 days Guadalupe Victoria Pedro Celestino Negrete Jose Mariano Michelena 1 April 1823 10 October 1824 1 year 192 days Miguel Dominguez Vicente GuerreroFirst Federal Republic 1824 1835 EditMain article First Mexican Republic The president and vice president did not run jointly and could be from different parties No Portrait Name Birth Death Term of office Political party Vice President NotesTook office Left office Time in office1 Guadalupe Victoria 1786 1843 10 October 1824 31 March 1829 4 years 172 days Independent Nicolas Bravo First constitutionally elected President of Mexico and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico 9 2 Vicente Guerrero 1782 1831 1 April 1829 17 December 1829 260 days Liberal Party Anastasio Bustamante He was appointed by Congress after the resignation of president elect Manuel Gomez Pedraza 10 11 3 Jose Maria Bocanegra 1787 1862 17 December 1829 23 December 1829 6 days Popular York Rite Party part of the Liberal Party Vacant He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his conservative Vice President Bustamante 12 13 Velez Quintanar Alaman Triumvirate 23 December 1829 31 December 1829 8 Days Liberal Party Pedro Velez independent Luis Quintanar and Lucas Alaman Vacant Pedro Velez president of the Supreme Court he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alaman and Luis Quintanar 14 4 Anastasio Bustamante 1780 1853 1 January 1830 13 August 1832 2 years 225 days Conservative Party Vacant As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the conservative coup against Guerrero 15 5 Melchor Muzquiz 1790 1844 14 August 1832 24 December 1832 132 days Popular York Rite Party part of the Liberal Party vacant He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna 16 17 18 6 Manuel Gomez Pedraza 1789 1851 24 December 1832 31 March 1833 97 days Federalist York Rite Party part of the Liberal Party Vacant He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829 had he not resigned prior to inauguration as the winner of the elections of 1828 19 20 7 Valentin Gomez Farias 1781 1858 1 April 1833 16 May 1833 45 days Liberal Party Himself As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833 21 22 23 8 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 16 May 1833 3 June 1833 18 days Liberal Party Valentin Gomez Farias He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally elected president He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gomez Farias four more times until 24 April 1834 22 24 25 26 Valentin Gomez Farias 1781 1858 3 June 1833 18 June 1833 15 days Liberal Party Himself Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 18 June 1833 5 July 1833 17 days Liberal Party Valentin Gomez Farias Valentin Gomez Farias 1781 1858 5 July 1833 27 October 1833 114 days Liberal Party Himself Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 27 October 1833 15 December 1833 47 days Conservative Party Valentin Gomez Farias Valentin Gomez Farias 1781 1858 16 December 1833 24 April 1834 135 Days Liberal Party Himself He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church Santa Anna took office again aligned with conservatives Gomez Farias went into exile 23 27 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 24 April 1834 27 January 1835 288 days Conservative Party Valentin Gomez Farias He cancelled the liberal reforms On 27 January the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Gomez Farias as Vice President 23 27 28 9 Miguel Barragan 1789 1836 28 January 1835 27 February 1836 1 year 30 days Liberal Party Vacant He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the rebellion of Zacatecas On 23 October Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic 29 30 31 32 Centralist Republic 1835 1846 EditMain article Centralist Republic of Mexico No Portrait Name Birth Death Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office9 Miguel Barragan 1789 1836 28 January 1835 27 February 1836 1 year 30 days Liberal Party He left office because of a serious illness He died two days later 29 10 Jose Justo Corro 1794 1864 27 February 1836 19 April 1837 1 year 51 days Conservative Party He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term During his term he enacted the Seven Laws andSpain recognized the Independence of Mexico 33 34 35 Anastasio Bustamante 1780 1853 19 April 1837 18 March 1839 1 year 339 Days Conservative Party He took office as constitutional elected president He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term 36 37 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 18 March 1839 10 July 1839 115 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions 24 38 11 Nicolas Bravo 1786 1854 11 July 1839 19 July 1839 8 days Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office 26 39 40 Anastasio Bustamante 1780 1853 19 July 1839 22 September 1841 2 years 65 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency 26 41 12 Francisco Javier Echeverria 1797 1852 22 September 1841 10 October 1841 18 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga Santa Anna and Gabriel Valencia He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion 42 43 44 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 10 October 1841 26 October 1842 1 year 16 days Conservative Party He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos Board of Representatives of the Departments 45 46 47 Nicolas Bravo 1786 1854 26 October 1842 4 March 1843 29 Days Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office 40 47 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 4 March 1843 4 October 1843 224 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency as provisional president 48 13 Valentin Canalizo 1794 1850 4 October 1843 4 June 1844 244 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office 49 50 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 4 June 1844 12 September 1844 100 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on 2 January 1844 51 52 14 Jose Joaquin de Herrera 1792 1854 12 September 1844 21 September 1844 9 days Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo 52 53 Valentin Canalizo 1794 1850 21 September 1844 6 December 1844 76 days Conservative Party He assumed the presidency as interim president 54 Jose Joaquin de Herrera 1792 1854 6 December 1844 30 December 1845 1 year 24 days Liberal Party He was appointed interim and after constitutional president by Senateafter Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress 53 55 56 15 Mariano Paredes 1797 1849 31 December 1845 28 July 1846 271 Days Conservative Party He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera On 12 June he was appointed interim president 57 58 Vice President 58 Nicolas Bravo Nicolas Bravo 1786 1854 28 July 1846 4 August 1846 7 days Conservative Party He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican American War He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias 59 60 61 16 Jose Mariano Salas 1797 1867 5 August 1846 23 December 1846 140 days Conservative Party He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion Plan de la Ciudadela He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on 22 August 62 63 64 He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic Second Federal Republic 1846 1863 EditMain article Second Federal Republic of Mexico No Portrait Name Birth Death Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office16 Jose Mariano Salas 1797 1867 5 August 1846 23 December 1846 140 days Conservative Party After he restored federalism he called elections Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president 62 65 Valentin Gomez Farias 1781 1858 23 December 1846 21 March 1847 94 Days Liberal Party As vice president he took office in place of Santa Anna who was fighting the invading U S Army in the Mexican American War 66 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 21 March 1847 2 April 1847 12 days Conservative Party He took office as elected interim president 67 Vice President Valentin Gomez Farias17 Pedro Maria de Anaya 1795 1854 2 April 1847 20 May 1847 48 days Liberal Party Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican American War Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president 68 69 70 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 20 May 1847 15 September 1847 135 days Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican American War 71 72 18 Manuel de la Pena y Pena 1789 1850 16 September 1847 13 November 1847 65 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna s resignation 73 74 Pedro Maria de Anaya 1795 1854 13 November 1847 8 January 1848 46 days Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Pena y Pena left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States Manuel de la Pena y Pena 1789 1850 8 January 1848 3 June 1848 146 Days Liberal Party He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resignedafter refusing to give any land to the United States 75 During his term he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Jose Joaquin de Herrera 1792 1854 3 June 1848 15 January 1851 3 years 247 days Liberal Party He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the elections of 1850 General Mariano Arista 76 19 Mariano Arista 1802 1855 15 January 1851 5 January 1853 1 years 356 days Liberal Party He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio the goal of which was to bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency 77 20 Juan Bautista Ceballos 1811 1859 6 January 1853 7 February 1853 32 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress 78 21 Manuel Maria Lombardini 1802 1853 8 February 1853 20 April 1853 72 days Conservative Party He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio 79 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1794 1876 20 April 1853 5 August 1855 2 years 106 days Conservative Party He swore as President but ruled as dictator He called himself Su Alteza Serenisima Serene Highness 80 81 The Mexican National Anthem was composed during his presidency 82 83 22 Martin Carrera 1806 1871 5 August 1855 12 September 1855 38 days Conservative Party He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutlabut he took office until 15 August 83 84 23 Romulo Diaz de la Vega 1800 1877 12 September 1855 3 October 1855 21 days Conservative Party He served as de facto president after Carrera s resignation 85 86 24 Juan Alvarez 1790 1867 4 October 1855 11 December 1855 69 days Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla 87 88 25 Ignacio Comonfort 1812 1863 11 December 1855 17 December 1857 2 years 6 days Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned He became constitutional president on 1 December 1857 89 90 Reform War 1858 60 Edit Main article Reform War There were two rival governments during the civil war of the Reform which the liberals won President recognized by the Liberals Edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office26 Benito Juarez 1806 1872 18 December 1857 18 July 1872 15 years 212 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court he became interim president after the self coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857 He was arrested and freed by Comonfort He established a liberal constitutional government on 18 January 1858 The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War 91 Presidents recognized by the Conservatives Edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office Ignacio Comonfort 1812 1863 17 December 1857 21 January 1858 35 days Liberal Party After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya Congress declared that he was no longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers 92 93 27 Felix Maria Zuloaga 1813 1898 11 January 1858 24 December 1858 347 Days Conservative Party After disowning Comonfort Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party 94 28 Manuel Robles Pezuela 1817 1862 24 December 1858 23 January 1859 30 days Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad 95 96 Felix Maria Zuloaga 1813 1898 24 January 1859 1 February 1859 8 days Conservative Party He was restored to the presidency by counter rebellion led by Miguel Miramon 95 97 29 Miguel Miramon 1831 1867 2 February 1859 13 August 1860 1 year 201 days Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office 98 30 Jose Ignacio Pavon 1791 1866 13 August 1860 15 August 1860 2 days Conservative Party As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government he took office for two days when Miramon left office 99 Miguel Miramon 1831 1867 15 August 1860 24 December 1860 131 days Conservative Party He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was electedby a group of Representatives of the States who supported the conservatives He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan resigned the presidency and fled the country 100 Felix Maria Zuloaga 1813 1898 23 May 1861 28 December 1862 1 year 229 days Conservative Party Despite having been defeated the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until 28 December when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire 101 Second Mexican Empire 1863 1867 EditMain article Second Mexican Empire Regency Edit On 22 June 1863 a Superior Governing Board was established On 11 July the Board became the Regency of the Empire 102 103 Members 3 Term of office Political partyPortrait Name Took office Left office Time in office Juan Nepomuceno Almonte 11 July 1863 10 April 1864 Conservative Party Jose Mariano Salas Pelagio Antonio de Labastida 19 October 1863 10 April 1864Monarchy of Maximilian I Edit Portrait Name Birth Death Reign Royal house Coat of armsReign start Reign ended Duration Maximilian I 1832 1867 10 April 1864 19 June 1867 3 years 70 days Habsburg Lorraine Restored Republic 1867 1876 EditMain article Restored Republic Mexico No Portrait Name Birth Death Elected Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office Benito Juarez 1806 1872 18 December 1857 11 June 1861 15 years 212 days Liberal Party The first term he was interim president during the Reform War The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861 His constitutional period began on 1 December The third term was an extension of the second a consequence of the invasion The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic 1861 11 June 1861 30 November 1865 1 December 1865 30 November 18671867 1 December 1867 30 November 18711871 1 December 1871 18 July 187231 Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada 1823 1889 18 July 1872 30 November 1872 4 years 125 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court he became interim president after the death of Juarez He was the winner or the extraordinary election of 1872 and became constitutional president He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his constitutional term 104 1872 1 December 1872 20 November 187632 Jose Maria Iglesias 1823 1891 26 October 1876 28 November 1876 33 days Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court he voided on grounds of fraud the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid and then declared himself interim president When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on 20 November he became constitutional interim president 105 Porfiriato 1876 1911 EditMain article Porfiriato No Portrait Name Birth Death Elected Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office33 Porfirio Diaz 1830 1915 28 November 1876 6 December 1876 8 days Liberal Party He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile 106 34 Juan N Mendez 1820 1894 6 December 1876 17 February 1877 72 days Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Diaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada 107 Porfirio Diaz 1830 1915 1877 17 February 1877 30 November 1880 3 years 296 days Liberal Party He reassumed the presidency On 5 May he was appointed constitutional president by Congress 108 35 Manuel Gonzalez Flores 1833 1893 1880 1 December 1880 30 November 1884 4 years Liberal Party He was the winner of the 1880 general election 109 Porfirio Diaz 1830 1915 1884 1 December 1884 30 November 1888 26 years 176 days National Porfirist PartyNational Reelectionist Party He was the winner of the general election in 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 and 1910 He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution 110 1888 1 December 1888 30 November 18921892 1 December 1892 30 November 18961896 1 December 1896 30 November 19001900 1 December 1900 30 November 19041904 1 December 1904 30 November 1910 Vice President Ramon Corral since 1904 1910 1 December 1910 25 May 1911Revolution 1911 1928 EditMain article Mexican Revolution Political parties Progressive Constitutionalist Party Independent No Portrait Name Birth Death Elected Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office36 Francisco Leon de la Barra 1863 1939 25 May 1911 5 November 1911 164 days Independent According to the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez he assumed office as interim president Immediately called for elections 111 37 112 Francisco I Madero 1873 1913 1911 6 November 1911 19 February 1913 1 years 106 days Progressive Constitutionalist Party He was the winner of the 1911 general election He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days organized by Victoriano Huerta Felix Diaz and the U S ambassador Henry L Wilson He was murdered two days later along with the vice president Pino Suarez 113 114 Vice President Jose Maria Pino Suarez38 Pedro Lascurain 1856 1952 19 February 1913 about 45 minutes Independent As Secretary of Foreign Affairs he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution In about 45 minutes he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of the Interior and then resigned the Presidency 115 39 Victoriano Huerta 1850 1916 19 February 1913 15 July 1914 1 year 139 days Independent He assumed office via a coup against Francisco I Madero He was defeated by the Constitutional Army led by Governor of Coahuila Venustiano Carranza 116 117 40 Francisco S Carvajal 1870 1932 15 July 1914 13 August 1914 29 days Independent He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan 118 Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes Edit Main article Convention of Aguascalientes The Conventionists were followers of revolutionary generals Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata They fought a civil war with the followers of revolutionaries under Venustiano Carranza No Portrait Name Birth Death Term of office NotesTook office Left office Time in office41 Eulalio Gutierrez 1881 1939 6 November 1914 16 January 1915 71 days He was appointed provisional president 119 42 Roque Gonzalez Garza 1885 1962 16 January 1915 10 June 1915 115 days He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City 120 43 Francisco Lagos Chazaro 1878 1932 10 June 1915 10 October 1915 122 days He assumed office as provisional president when Gonzalez Garza resigned 121 Constitutionalist victory and restoration of democracy Edit The revolutionary Constitutionalist Army under the authority First Chief Venustiano Carranza defeated the Army of the Convention in 1915 with a new constitution drafted in 1916 17 Political parties Liberal Constitutionalist Party Laborist Party No Portrait Name Birth Death Elected Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office44 Venustiano Carranza 1859 1920 1917 Head of the Executive PowerFirst Chief of the Constitutional Army 2 years 261 days Liberal Constitutionalist Party He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal He did not immediately call for presidential elections which he had promised under the Plan of Guadalupe but ruled as the pre constitutional head of government He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States He won the 1917 general election and took office as Constitutional President on 1 May 1917 He died during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta led by three revolutionary generals 122 13 August 1914 30 April 1917President of Mexico 3 years 21 days1 May 1917 21 May 192045 Adolfo de la Huerta 1881 1955 1 June 1920 30 November 1920 182 days Liberal Constitutionalist Party He was one of the leaders of the coup against Carranza who had attempted to impose a civilian successor in 1920 De la Huerta was appointed provisional president by Congress 123 46 Alvaro Obregon 1880 1928 1920 1 December 1920 30 November 1924 4 years Laborist Party He was the most successful general of the Constitutionalist Army and joined the rebellion against Carranza When elections were held in the aftermath of the coup he was the winner of the 1920 general election 124 Obregon designated Plutarco Elias Calles as his successor fellow Sonoran general Adolfo de la Huerta rebelled with considerable revolutionary army support but Obregon crushed the rebellion 47 Plutarco Elias Calles 1877 1945 1924 1 December 1924 30 November 1928 4 years Laborist Party He was the winner of the 1924 general election 125 He changed the constitution to allow non consecutive election of a president allowing Obregon to run again in 1928 Obregon was re elected but was assassinated before being sworn in Calles then founded the political party that managed presidential succession until 2000 Maximato 1928 1934 EditMain article Maximato President elect Obregon was assassinated before he was inaugurated for a six year presidential term Calles brought together revolutionaries to found a political party Calles could not succeed himself as president but he remained the power behind the presidency as the jefe maximo maximum chief Political parties National Revolutionary Party No Portrait Name Birth Death Elected Term of office Political party NotesTook office Left office Time in office48 Emilio Portes Gil 1890 1978 1 December 1928 4 February 1930 1 year 65 days National Revolutionary Party He was appointed interim president by Congress after the assassination of the winner of the 1928 general election president elect Alvaro Obregon 126 49 Pascual Ortiz Rubio 1877 1963 1929 5 February 1930 4 September 1932 2 years 213 days National Revolutionary Party He was the winner of the 1929 general election He resigned due to the intervention of Calles in his government 127 128 50 Abelardo L Rodriguez 1889 1967 4 September 1932 30 November 1934 2 years 87 days National Revolutionary Party He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1928 1934 term 129 Modern Mexico 1934 present EditMain article Sexenio Mexico After the constitutional reform of 1926 the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928 with a formal ban on reelection After the 1934 general election all the presidents have completed their six year terms Political parties Institutional Revolutionary Party National Action Party National Regeneration Movement No Portrait Name Birth Death Elected Term of office Political partyTook office Left office Time in office51 Lazaro Cardenas 1895 1970 1934 1 December 1934 30 November 1940 6 years National Revolutionary Party52 Manuel Avila Camacho 1897 1955 1940 1 December 1940 30 November 1946 6 years Party of the Mexican Revolution53 Miguel Aleman Valdes 1900 1983 1946 1 December 1946 30 November 1952 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party54 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 1889 1973 1952 1 December 1952 30 November 1958 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party55 Adolfo Lopez Mateos 1909 1969 1958 1 December 1958 30 November 1964 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party56 Gustavo Diaz Ordaz 1911 1979 1964 1 December 1964 30 November 1970 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party57 Luis Echeverria 1922 2022 1970 1 December 1970 30 November 1976 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party58 Jose Lopez Portillo 1920 2004 1976 1 December 1976 30 November 1982 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party59 Miguel de la Madrid 1934 2012 1982 1 December 1982 30 November 1988 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party60 Carlos Salinas de Gortari born 1948 1988 1 December 1988 30 November 1994 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party61 Ernesto Zedillo born 1951 1994 1 December 1994 30 November 2000 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party62 Vicente Fox born 1942 2000 1 December 2000 30 November 2006 6 years National Action Party63 Felipe Calderon born 1962 2006 1 December 2006 30 November 2012 6 years National Action Party64 Enrique Pena Nieto born 1966 2012 1 December 2012 30 November 2018 6 years Institutional Revolutionary Party65 Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador born 1953 2018 1 December 2018 Incumbent Term ends 30 September 2024 130 4 years 36 days National Regeneration MovementPresidents who died in office EditPresident Term of office Date of death NotesBenito Juarez 1857 1872 18 July 1872 aged 66 Only President of Mexico who died of natural causes while in office Venustiano Carranza 1914 1920 21 May 1920 aged 60 Only President of Mexico to be assassinated while in office Timeline EditSee also EditPresident of Mexico Emperor of Mexico First Lady of Mexico Politics of Mexico History of Mexico Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan List of Tenochtitlan rulers New Spain List of viceroys of New SpainReferences Edit The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States PDF Instituto de Investigaciones Juridicas UNAM p 78 Archived from the original PDF 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Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 13 June 2013 Retrieved 1 May 2013 El general Juan N Mendez ocupa la presidencia en tanto Porfirio Diaz termina con los ultimos reductos de las fuerzas de Iglesias y de Lerdo de Tejada Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 11 June 2013 Retrieved 1 May 2013 Porfirio Diaz es nombrado presidente constitucional de la Republica Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 13 June 2013 Retrieved 1 May 2013 El general Manuel Gonzalez toma posesion como presidente constitucional Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 Retrieved 1 May 2013 Diaz Mori Porfirio Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 8 March 2013 Retrieved 1 May 2013 Leon de la Barra Francisco Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 8 July 2013 Retrieved 1 May 2013 Anti Reelectionist Progressive Constitutional PDF Archived from the original PDF on 4 December 2013 Retrieved 30 December 2015 Francisco I Madero asume el cargo de la Presidente de la Republica Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 13 January 2013 Retrieved 1 May 2013 Se consuma la traicion Huerta y Wilson firman el Pacto de la Embajada Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 4 December 2008 Retrieved 1 May 2013 Por solo cuarenta y cinco minutos Pedro Lascurain Paredes asume el cargo de presidente interino Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 2 May 2013 Victoriano Huerta asume la presidencia y rinde la protesta de ley ante los diputados Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 2 May 2013 Victoriano Huerta vencido por las fuerzas constitucionalistas renuncia a la Presidencia de la Republica Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 2 May 2013 FRANCISCO S CARVAJAL Bicentenario de Mexico Archived from the original on 26 November 2011 Retrieved 2 May 2013 Eulalio Gutierrez Ortiz asume la presidencia del gobierno convencionista Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 10 May 2013 El presidente provisional nombrado por la Convencion Eulalio Gutierrez huye de Mexico con los fondos de la Tesoreria Lo sucede Roque Gonzalez Garza Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 10 May 2013 Francisco Lagos Chazaro se convierte en el ultimo presidente del gobierno de la Convencion Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 13 June 2013 Retrieved 10 May 2013 Carranza Garza Venustiano Bicentenario de Mexico Archived from the original on 16 May 2013 Retrieved 2 May 2013 Adolfo de la Huerta asume presidencia provisional de la Republica Bicentenario de Mexico Archived from the original on 21 November 2008 Retrieved 2 May 2013 Obregon Salido Alvaro Bicentenario de Mexico Archived from the original on 8 March 2013 Retrieved 2 May 2013 Elias Calles Campuzano Plutarco Bicentenario de Mexico Archived from the original on 16 May 2013 Retrieved 2 May 2013 Portes Gil Emilio Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 16 May 2013 Retrieved 10 May 2013 Pascual Ortiz Rubio sufre un atentado y resulta herido durante su toma posesion de la Presidencia de la Republica Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 10 May 2013 Ortiz Rubio renuncia a la Presidencia Ejercio su mandato en el periodo del Maximato llamado asi por el poder real ejercido por Calles Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 1 November 2012 Retrieved 10 May 2013 Rodriguez Abelardo L Memoria Politica de Mexico Archived from the original on 19 June 2013 Retrieved 10 May 2013 El sexenio de AMLO no sera de seis anos El Universal Retrieved 7 April 2022 External links Edit in Spanish Lista de gobernantes de Mexico Official List Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of heads of state of 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