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Erbium(III) chloride

January 01, 1970

Erbium(III) chloride is a violet solid with the formula ErCl3. It is used in the preparation of erbium metal.

Erbium(III) chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Erbium(III) chloride
Other names
Erbium trichloride
Identifiers
  • 10138-41-7 (anhydrous) N
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 59656 Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.337
EC Number
  • 233-385-0
  • 66277
UNII
  • 867J5QOF46 N
  • DTXSID5064966
  • InChI=1S/3ClH.Er/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Y
    Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K Y
  • InChI=1/3ClH.Er/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-DFZHHIFOAE
  • Cl[Er](Cl)Cl
Properties
ErCl3 (anhydrous)
ErCl3·6H2O (hexahydrate)
Molar mass 273.62 g/mol (anhydrous)
381.71 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance violet hygroscopic monoclinic crystals (anhydrous)
pink hygroscopic crystals (hexahydrate)
Density 4.1 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
Melting point 776 °C (1,429 °F; 1,049 K) (anhydrous)
decomposes (hexahydrate)
Boiling point 1,500 °C (2,730 °F; 1,770 K)
soluble in water (anhydrous)
slightly soluble in ethanol (hexahydrate)[1]
Structure[2]
monoclinic
C2/m, No. 12
a = 6.80 Å, b = 11.79 Å, c = 6.39 Å
α = 90°, β = 110.7°, γ = 90°
479 Å3
4
Related compounds
Other anions
 Erbium(III) oxide
Other cations
 Holmium(III) chloride, Thulium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)

Preparation edit

 
Erbium(III) chloride hydrate photographed under a fluorescent lamp

Anhydrous erbium(III) chloride can be produced by the ammonium chloride route.[3][4][5] In the first step, erbium(III) oxide is heated with ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride:

Er2O3 + 10 [NH4]Cl → 2 [NH4]2ErCl5 + 6 H2O + 6 NH3

In the second step, the ammonium chloride salt is converted to the trichloride by heating in a vacuum at 350-400 °C:

[NH4]2ErCl5 → ErCl3 + 2 HCl + 2 NH3

Structural data edit

Erbium(III) chloride forms crystals of the AlCl3 type, with monoclinic crystals and the point group C2/m.[2]

Erbium(III) chloride hexahydrate also forms monoclinic crystals with the point group of P2/n (P2/c) - C42h. In this compound, erbium is octa-coordinated to form [Er(H2O)6Cl2]+ ions with the isolated Cl− completing the structure.[6]

Optical properties edit

Erbium(III) chloride solutions show a negative nonlinear absorption effect.[7][clarification needed]

Catalytic properties edit

The use of erbium(III) chloride as a catalyst has been demonstrated in the acylation of alcohols and phenols[8] and in an amine functionalisation of furfural.[9] It is a catalyst for Friedel–Crafts-type reactions, and can be used in place of cerium(III) chloride for Luche reductions.[10]

References edit

  1. ^ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 4–57. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2.
  2. ^ a b Tempelton DH, Carter GF (1954). "The Crystal Structure of Yttrium Trichloride and Similar Compounds". J Phys Chem. 58 (11): 940–943. doi:10.1021/j150521a002.
  3. ^ Brauer, G., ed. (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press.
  4. ^ Meyer, G. (1989). "The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides—The Example of Ycl 3". The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides-The Example of YCl3. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 25. pp. 146–150. doi:10.1002/9780470132562.ch35. ISBN 978-0-470-13256-2.
  5. ^ Edelmann, F. T.; Poremba, P. (1997). Herrmann, W. A. (ed.). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. VI. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag. ISBN 978-3-13-103021-4.
  6. ^ Graebner EJ, Conrad GH, Duliere SF (1966). "Crystallographic data for solvated rare earth chlorides". Acta Crystallographica. 21 (6): 1012–1013. doi:10.1107/S0365110X66004420.
  7. ^ Maeda Y, Akidzuki Y, Yamada T (1998). "All-optical liquid device derived from negative nonlinear absorption effect in an erbium chloride solution". Applied Physics Letters. 73 (17): 2411–2413. Bibcode:1998ApPhL..73.2411M. doi:10.1063/1.122450.
  8. ^ Dalpozzo Renato, De Nino Antonio, Maiuolo Loredana, Oliverio Manuela, Procopio Antonio, Russo Beatrice, Tocci Amedeo (2007) Erbium(iii) Chloride: a Very Active Acylation Catalyst. Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, 75-79. doi:10.1071/CH06346
  9. ^ Synthesis of trans-4,5-Bis-dibenzylaminocyclopent-2-enone from Furfural Catalyzed by ErCl3·6H2O Mónica S. Estevão, Ricardo J. V. Martins, and Carlos A. M. Afonso Journal of Chemical Education 2017 94 (10), 1587-1589 {DOI|10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00470}
  10. ^ Luche, Jean-Louis (2001-04-15), "Erbium(III) Chloride", in John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (ed.), Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. re006, doi:10.1002/047084289x.re006, ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7

January 01, 1970
erbium, chloride, violet, solid, with, formula, ercl3, used, preparation, erbium, metal, names, iupac, name, other, names, erbium, trichloride, identifiers, number, 10138, anhydrous, model, jsmol, interactive, image, chemspider, 59656, echa, infocard, number, . Erbium III chloride is a violet solid with the formula ErCl3 It is used in the preparation of erbium metal Erbium III chloride Names IUPAC name Erbium III chloride Other names Erbium trichloride Identifiers CAS Number 10138 41 7 anhydrous N 3D model JSmol Interactive image ChemSpider 59656 Y ECHA InfoCard 100 030 337 EC Number 233 385 0 PubChem CID 66277 UNII 867J5QOF46 N CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID5064966 InChI InChI 1S 3ClH Er h3 1H q 3 p 3 YKey HDGGAKOVUDZYES UHFFFAOYSA K YInChI 1 3ClH Er h3 1H q 3 p 3Key HDGGAKOVUDZYES DFZHHIFOAE SMILES Cl Er Cl Cl Properties Chemical formula ErCl3 anhydrous ErCl3 6H2O hexahydrate Molar mass 273 62 g mol anhydrous 381 71 g mol hexahydrate Appearance violet hygroscopic monoclinic crystals anhydrous pink hygroscopic crystals hexahydrate Density 4 1 g cm3 anhydrous Melting point 776 C 1 429 F 1 049 K anhydrous decomposes hexahydrate Boiling point 1 500 C 2 730 F 1 770 K Solubility in water soluble in water anhydrous slightly soluble in ethanol hexahydrate 1 Structure 2 Crystal structure monoclinic Space group C2 m No 12 Lattice constant a 6 80 A b 11 79 A c 6 39 Aa 90 b 110 7 g 90 Lattice volume V 479 A3 Formula units Z 4 Related compounds Other anions Erbium III oxide Other cations Holmium III chloride Thulium III chloride Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Preparation 2 Structural data 3 Optical properties 4 Catalytic properties 5 ReferencesPreparation edit nbsp Erbium III chloride hydrate photographed under a fluorescent lamp Anhydrous erbium III chloride can be produced by the ammonium chloride route 3 4 5 In the first step erbium III oxide is heated with ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride Er2O3 10 NH4 Cl 2 NH4 2ErCl5 6 H2O 6 NH3 In the second step the ammonium chloride salt is converted to the trichloride by heating in a vacuum at 350 400 C NH4 2ErCl5 ErCl3 2 HCl 2 NH3Structural data editErbium III chloride forms crystals of the AlCl3 type with monoclinic crystals and the point group C2 m 2 Erbium III chloride hexahydrate also forms monoclinic crystals with the point group of P2 n P2 c C42h In this compound erbium is octa coordinated to form Er H2O 6Cl2 ions with the isolated Cl completing the structure 6 Optical properties editErbium III chloride solutions show a negative nonlinear absorption effect 7 clarification needed Catalytic properties editThe use of erbium III chloride as a catalyst has been demonstrated in the acylation of alcohols and phenols 8 and in an amine functionalisation of furfural 9 It is a catalyst for Friedel Crafts type reactions and can be used in place of cerium III chloride for Luche reductions 10 References edit Lide David R 1998 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87 ed Boca Raton Florida CRC Press pp 4 57 ISBN 0 8493 0594 2 a b Tempelton DH Carter GF 1954 The Crystal Structure of Yttrium Trichloride and Similar Compounds J Phys Chem 58 11 940 943 doi 10 1021 j150521a002 Brauer G ed 1963 Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry 2nd ed New York Academic Press Meyer G 1989 The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides The Example of Ycl 3 The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides The Example of YCl3 Inorganic Syntheses Vol 25 pp 146 150 doi 10 1002 9780470132562 ch35 ISBN 978 0 470 13256 2 Edelmann F T Poremba P 1997 Herrmann W A ed Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry Vol VI Stuttgart Georg Thieme Verlag ISBN 978 3 13 103021 4 Graebner EJ Conrad GH Duliere SF 1966 Crystallographic data for solvated rare earth chlorides Acta Crystallographica 21 6 1012 1013 doi 10 1107 S0365110X66004420 Maeda Y Akidzuki Y Yamada T 1998 All optical liquid device derived from negative nonlinear absorption effect in an erbium chloride solution Applied Physics Letters 73 17 2411 2413 Bibcode 1998ApPhL 73 2411M doi 10 1063 1 122450 Dalpozzo Renato De Nino Antonio Maiuolo Loredana Oliverio Manuela Procopio Antonio Russo Beatrice Tocci Amedeo 2007 Erbium iii Chloride a Very Active Acylation Catalyst Australian Journal of Chemistry 60 75 79 doi 10 1071 CH06346 Synthesis of trans 4 5 Bis dibenzylaminocyclopent 2 enone from Furfural Catalyzed by ErCl3 6H2O Monica S Estevao Ricardo J V Martins and Carlos A M Afonso Journal of Chemical Education 2017 94 10 1587 1589 DOI 10 1021 acs jchemed 6b00470 Luche Jean Louis 2001 04 15 Erbium III Chloride in John Wiley amp Sons Ltd ed Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis Chichester UK John Wiley amp Sons Ltd pp re006 doi 10 1002 047084289x re006 ISBN 978 0 471 93623 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Erbium III chloride amp oldid 1192452189, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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