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Epeirogenic movement

January 01, 1970

In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek epeiros, land, and genesis, birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations.[1] The broad central parts of continents are called cratons, and are subject to epeirogeny.[2] The movement may be one of subsidence toward, or of uplift from, the center of Earth. The movement is caused by a set of forces acting along an Earth radius, such as those contributing to isostasy and faulting in the lithosphere.

Epeirogenic movement can be permanent or transient. Transient uplift can occur over a thermal anomaly due to convecting anomalously hot mantle, and disappears when convection wanes. Permanent uplift can occur when igneous material is injected into the crust, and circular or elliptical structural uplift (that is, without folding) over a large radius (tens to thousands of km) is one characteristic of a mantle plume.[3][4]

In contrast to epeirogenic movement, orogenic movement is a more complicated deformation of the Earth's crust, associated with crustal thickening, notably associated with the convergence of tectonic plates. Such plate convergence forms orogenic belts that are characterized by "the folding and faulting of layers of rock, by the intrusion of magma, and by volcanism".[5][6]

Epeirogenic movements may divert rivers and create drainage divides by upwarping of the crust along axes.[7][8] Example of this is the deflection of Eridanos River in the Pliocene Epoch by the uplift of the South Swedish Dome[7] or the present-day drainage divides between Limpopo and Zambezi rivers in southern Africa.[8]

Examples edit

Epeirogenic movement has caused the southern Rocky Mountain region to be uplifted from 1300 to 2000 m since the Eocene. This followed and is distinct from the creation of the Rocky Mountains during the Laramide Orogeny during the Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic. The uplift is interpreted as due to lithospheric heating resulting from thinning and the intrusion of widespread middle Tertiary batholiths of relatively low density.[9]

The South Swedish Dome has been uplifted and subsided multiple times by epeirogenic movements since the Cambrian leading to the uplift, tilting and partial erosion of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain.[10][7] The doming has resulted in the formation of a piedmonttreppen relief in southern Sweden.[7]

References edit

  1. ^ Arthur Holmes; Doris L. Holmes (2004). Holmes principles of physical geology (4th ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 92. ISBN 0-7487-4381-2.
  2. ^ Richard J. Huggett (2003). Fundamentals of geomorphology. Routledge. p. 76. ISBN 0-415-24146-4.
  3. ^ Şengör, A.M.C. (2001). "Elevation as an indicator of mantle-plume activity". In Richard E. Ernst, Kenneth L. Buchan (ed.). Mantle plumes: their identification through time. Geological Society of America. p. 215. ISBN 0-8137-2352-3.
  4. ^ Holford, S.P.; et al. (2008). "Neogene exhumation in the Irish Sea area". In Johnson, Howard; et al. (eds.). The nature and origin of compression in passive margins. Geological Society. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-86239-261-8.
  5. ^ Frank Northen Magill (1990). Magill's survey of science: Earth science series, Volume 5. Salem Press. p. 2498. ISBN 0-89356-611-X.
  6. ^ Robert J. Twiss, Eldridge M. Moores (1992). Structural geology (2nd ed.). Macmillan. p. 217. ISBN 0-7167-2252-6. Orogenic belts are all characterized by a number of fold systems.
  7. ^ a b c d Lidmar-Bergström, Karna; Olvmo, Mats; Bonow, Johan M. (2017). "The South Swedish Dome: a key structure for identification of peneplains and conclusions on Phanerozoic tectonics of an ancient shield". GFF. 139 (4): 244–259. doi:10.1080/11035897.2017.1364293. S2CID 134300755.
  8. ^ a b Moore, A.E. (1999). "A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa". South African Journal of Geology. 102 (4): 363–376.
  9. ^ Eaton, Gordon P., Epeirogeny in the Southern Rocky Mountains region: Evidence and origin, Geosphere; October 2008; v. 4; no. 5; p. 764–784; doi:10.1130/GES00149.1
  10. ^ Japsen, Peter; Green, Paul F.; Bonow, Johan M.; Erlström, Mikael (2016). "Episodic burial and exhumation of the southern Baltic Shield: Epeirogenic uplifts during and after break-up of Pangaea". Gondwana Research. 35: 357–377. Bibcode:2016GondR..35..357J. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.06.005.

January 01, 1970
epeirogenic, movement, geology, epeirogenic, movement, from, greek, epeiros, land, genesis, birth, upheavals, depressions, land, exhibiting, long, wavelengths, little, folding, apart, from, broad, undulations, broad, central, parts, continents, called, cratons. In geology epeirogenic movement from Greek epeiros land and genesis birth is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations 1 The broad central parts of continents are called cratons and are subject to epeirogeny 2 The movement may be one of subsidence toward or of uplift from the center of Earth The movement is caused by a set of forces acting along an Earth radius such as those contributing to isostasy and faulting in the lithosphere Epeirogenic movement can be permanent or transient Transient uplift can occur over a thermal anomaly due to convecting anomalously hot mantle and disappears when convection wanes Permanent uplift can occur when igneous material is injected into the crust and circular or elliptical structural uplift that is without folding over a large radius tens to thousands of km is one characteristic of a mantle plume 3 4 In contrast to epeirogenic movement orogenic movement is a more complicated deformation of the Earth s crust associated with crustal thickening notably associated with the convergence of tectonic plates Such plate convergence forms orogenic belts that are characterized by the folding and faulting of layers of rock by the intrusion of magma and by volcanism 5 6 Epeirogenic movements may divert rivers and create drainage divides by upwarping of the crust along axes 7 8 Example of this is the deflection of Eridanos River in the Pliocene Epoch by the uplift of the South Swedish Dome 7 or the present day drainage divides between Limpopo and Zambezi rivers in southern Africa 8 Examples editEpeirogenic movement has caused the southern Rocky Mountain region to be uplifted from 1300 to 2000 m since the Eocene This followed and is distinct from the creation of the Rocky Mountains during the Laramide Orogeny during the Late Cretaceous early Cenozoic The uplift is interpreted as due to lithospheric heating resulting from thinning and the intrusion of widespread middle Tertiary batholiths of relatively low density 9 The South Swedish Dome has been uplifted and subsided multiple times by epeirogenic movements since the Cambrian leading to the uplift tilting and partial erosion of the Sub Cambrian peneplain 10 7 The doming has resulted in the formation of a piedmonttreppen relief in southern Sweden 7 References edit Arthur Holmes Doris L Holmes 2004 Holmes principles of physical geology 4th ed Taylor amp Francis p 92 ISBN 0 7487 4381 2 Richard J Huggett 2003 Fundamentals of geomorphology Routledge p 76 ISBN 0 415 24146 4 Sengor A M C 2001 Elevation as an indicator of mantle plume activity In Richard E Ernst Kenneth L Buchan ed Mantle plumes their identification through time Geological Society of America p 215 ISBN 0 8137 2352 3 Holford S P et al 2008 Neogene exhumation in the Irish Sea area In Johnson Howard et al eds The nature and origin of compression in passive margins Geological Society p 112 ISBN 978 1 86239 261 8 Frank Northen Magill 1990 Magill s survey of science Earth science series Volume 5 Salem Press p 2498 ISBN 0 89356 611 X Robert J Twiss Eldridge M Moores 1992 Structural geology 2nd ed Macmillan p 217 ISBN 0 7167 2252 6 Orogenic belts are all characterized by a number of fold systems a b c d Lidmar Bergstrom Karna Olvmo Mats Bonow Johan M 2017 The South Swedish Dome a key structure for identification of peneplains and conclusions on Phanerozoic tectonics of an ancient shield GFF 139 4 244 259 doi 10 1080 11035897 2017 1364293 S2CID 134300755 a b Moore A E 1999 A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa South African Journal of Geology 102 4 363 376 Eaton Gordon P Epeirogeny in the Southern Rocky Mountains region Evidence and origin Geosphere October 2008 v 4 no 5 p 764 784 doi 10 1130 GES00149 1 Japsen Peter Green Paul F Bonow Johan M Erlstrom Mikael 2016 Episodic burial and exhumation of the southern Baltic Shield Epeirogenic uplifts during and after break up of Pangaea Gondwana Research 35 357 377 Bibcode 2016GondR 35 357J doi 10 1016 j gr 2015 06 005 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Epeirogenic movement amp oldid 1179464819, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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