Entandrophragma angolense, called the tiama, is a tree species with alternate, pinnately compound leaves that are clustered at the ends of branches. It is within the family Meliaceae and has a wide distribution area, occurring in moist semi-deciduous and evergreen forest regions of Tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Uganda.[2]
Entandrophragma angolense was first indicated as belonging to the Swietenia family but upon a revision in 1894 by de Candolle, the species was transferred to a new genus Entandrophragma.[3] In 2021, up to 10 taxa are placed as synonyms of the species in two database.[4][5]
Descriptionedit
The tree can grow to a height of 60 meters and reach a diameter of 200 cm, its base often has developed buttresses that can reach a height of 6 meters, and extending as surface roots, the trunk is branchless for up to 30 meters.[6] The grey-brown bark tends to be thin and smooth with irregular flaking in small and large pieces leaving concave or mussel-shell shaped scars, slash is pink to reddish.[2] Leaves are paripinnately compound, up to 50 cm long and tufted at the ends of branches, 4-11 pairs of opposite leaflets per pinnae, petiole is up to 18 cm long.[7][2] Leaf-blade outline is commonly oblong to obovate, 3.5–12 cm long and 2–4 cm wide, upper surface is dark green and coriaceous. Flowers are in dense panicles, clustered at the end of branches, petal is greenish white in color, flowering period is between November and February.[2] Fruits is a large pendulous capsule, up to 22 cm long.[6][7]
Distributionedit
The species distribution is wide spread in tropical Africa, its native range is within the evergreen and semi-deciduous forest zones of West, Central and East Africa.[7] In Eastern Africa, majorly Kenya and Uganda, occurrence is of a lower density than in Central and West Africa.[8]
Chemistryedit
Chemical compounds including the limonoids: 7α- acetoxydihydronomilin, 7α- obacunylacetate and Methyl angolensate have been isolated from methanol extracts of the stem bark of the species.[9][10]
Usesedit
Timber traded as Tiama mahogany, White tiama or Genu Nohur is used for cabinet making, furniture and interior and exterior joinery.[2] In traditional medicine, extracts of the stem bark is used to treat various gastrointestinal afflictions and a decoction is consumed to treat fever.[11]
^ abcdefTimbers. D. Louppe, A. A. Oteng-Amoako, M. Brink, Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Wageningen: PROTA Foundation. 2008. p. 235. ISBN978-90-5782-209-4. OCLC 299747129.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Monthe, Franck K.; Duminil, Jérôme; Kasongo Yakusu, Emmanuel; Beeckman, Hans; Bourland, Nils; Doucet, Jean-Louis; Sosef, Marc S. M.; Hardy, Olivier J. (2018). "The African timber tree Entandrophragma congoense (Pierre ex De Wild.) A.Chev. is morphologically and genetically distinct from Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC". Tree Genetics & Genomes. 14 (5): 66. doi:10.1007/s11295-018-1277-6. hdl:2268/227250. ISSN 1614-2942. S2CID 52046034.
^"Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) Panshin | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
^ abVoorhoeve, A. G. (1979). Liberian high forest trees : a systematic botanical study of the 75 most important or frequent high forest trees, with reference to numerous related species (2nd impr ed.). Wageningen: Pudoc. ISBN90-220-0701-4. OCLC 63303450.
^ abcKasongo Yakusu, Emmanuel; Monthe, Franck; Bourland, Nils; Hardy, Olivier J.; Loupe, Dominique; Bola Mbele Lokanda, Félicien; Hubau, Wannes; Kahindo Muhongya, Jean-Marie; Van den Bulcke, Jan; Van Acker, Joris; Beeckman, Hans (2021). "Entandrophragma : taxonomy and ecology of a genus of African tree species with economic importance : a review". Biotechnologie Agronomie Société et Environnement. 5 (3): 140–153. hdl:1854/LU-8710779. ISSN 1370-6233.
^Mbatudde, M.; Majaliwa, G.; Eilu, G.; Kakudidi, E.; Dalitz, H. (2013). "Potential distribution of vulnerable Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C. DC. (Meliaceae) in East Africa". African Journal of Ecology. 51 (3): 471–481. doi:10.1111/aje.12058.
^Njar, V. C.; Adesanwo, J. K.; Raji, Y. (1995). "Methyl angolensate: the antiulcer agent of the stem bark of Entandrophragma angolense". Planta Medica. 61 (1): 91–92. doi:10.1055/s-2006-958015. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 7701005. S2CID 260278970.
^Bickiia, J; Tchouyab, Grf; Tchouankeub, Jc; Tsamo, E (2008-09-22). "The antiplasmodial agents of the stem bark of Entandrophragma angolense (Meliaceae)". African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 4 (2): 135–139. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v4i2.31188. ISSN 0189-6016.
^Orisadipe, Abayomi; Amos, Samson; Adesomoju, Akinbobola; Binda, Lucy; Emeje, Martins; Okogun, Joseph; Wambebe, Charles; Gamaniel, Karniyus (2001). "Spasmolytic Activity of Methyl Angolensate. A Triterpenoid Isolated from Entandrophragma angolense". Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 24 (4): 364–367. doi:10.1248/bpb.24.364. ISSN 0918-6158. PMID 11305596.
December 15, 2023
entandrophragma, angolense, called, tiama, tree, species, with, alternate, pinnately, compound, leaves, that, clustered, ends, branches, within, family, meliaceae, wide, distribution, area, occurring, moist, semi, deciduous, evergreen, forest, regions, tropica. Entandrophragma angolense called the tiama is a tree species with alternate pinnately compound leaves that are clustered at the ends of branches It is within the family Meliaceae and has a wide distribution area occurring in moist semi deciduous and evergreen forest regions of Tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Uganda 2 Entandrophragma angolenseConservation statusNear Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder SapindalesFamily MeliaceaeGenus EntandrophragmaSpecies E angolenseBinomial nameEntandrophragma angolense Welw PanshinHarvesting for timber has caused the species to become vulnerable in certain countries 2 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution 4 Chemistry 5 Uses 6 ReferencesTaxonomy editEntandrophragma angolense was first indicated as belonging to the Swietenia family but upon a revision in 1894 by de Candolle the species was transferred to a new genus Entandrophragma 3 In 2021 up to 10 taxa are placed as synonyms of the species in two database 4 5 Description editThe tree can grow to a height of 60 meters and reach a diameter of 200 cm its base often has developed buttresses that can reach a height of 6 meters and extending as surface roots the trunk is branchless for up to 30 meters 6 The grey brown bark tends to be thin and smooth with irregular flaking in small and large pieces leaving concave or mussel shell shaped scars slash is pink to reddish 2 Leaves are paripinnately compound up to 50 cm long and tufted at the ends of branches 4 11 pairs of opposite leaflets per pinnae petiole is up to 18 cm long 7 2 Leaf blade outline is commonly oblong to obovate 3 5 12 cm long and 2 4 cm wide upper surface is dark green and coriaceous Flowers are in dense panicles clustered at the end of branches petal is greenish white in color flowering period is between November and February 2 Fruits is a large pendulous capsule up to 22 cm long 6 7 Distribution editThe species distribution is wide spread in tropical Africa its native range is within the evergreen and semi deciduous forest zones of West Central and East Africa 7 In Eastern Africa majorly Kenya and Uganda occurrence is of a lower density than in Central and West Africa 8 Chemistry editChemical compounds including the limonoids 7a acetoxydihydronomilin 7a obacunylacetate and Methyl angolensate have been isolated from methanol extracts of the stem bark of the species 9 10 Uses editTimber traded as Tiama mahogany White tiama or Genu Nohur is used for cabinet making furniture and interior and exterior joinery 2 In traditional medicine extracts of the stem bark is used to treat various gastrointestinal afflictions and a decoction is consumed to treat fever 11 References edit Hills R 2021 Entandrophragma angolense IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T33049A68080926 Retrieved 12 November 2023 a b c d e f Timbers D Louppe A A Oteng Amoako M Brink Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Wageningen PROTA Foundation 2008 p 235 ISBN 978 90 5782 209 4 OCLC 299747129 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Monthe Franck K Duminil Jerome Kasongo Yakusu Emmanuel Beeckman Hans Bourland Nils Doucet Jean Louis Sosef Marc S M Hardy Olivier J 2018 The African timber tree Entandrophragma congoense Pierre ex De Wild A Chev is morphologically and genetically distinct from Entandrophragma angolense Welw C DC Tree Genetics amp Genomes 14 5 66 doi 10 1007 s11295 018 1277 6 hdl 2268 227250 ISSN 1614 2942 S2CID 52046034 Entandrophragma angolense Welw Panshin Plants of the World Online Kew Science Plants of the World Online Retrieved 2021 10 18 Entandrophragma angolense Welw C DC www gbif org Retrieved 2021 10 18 a b Voorhoeve A G 1979 Liberian high forest trees a systematic botanical study of the 75 most important or frequent high forest trees with reference to numerous related species 2nd impr ed Wageningen Pudoc ISBN 90 220 0701 4 OCLC 63303450 a b c Kasongo Yakusu Emmanuel Monthe Franck Bourland Nils Hardy Olivier J Loupe Dominique Bola Mbele Lokanda Felicien Hubau Wannes Kahindo Muhongya Jean Marie Van den Bulcke Jan Van Acker Joris Beeckman Hans 2021 Entandrophragma taxonomy and ecology of a genus of African tree species with economic importance a review Biotechnologie Agronomie Societe et Environnement 5 3 140 153 hdl 1854 LU 8710779 ISSN 1370 6233 Mbatudde M Majaliwa G Eilu G Kakudidi E Dalitz H 2013 Potential distribution of vulnerable Entandrophragma angolense Welw C DC Meliaceae in East Africa African Journal of Ecology 51 3 471 481 doi 10 1111 aje 12058 Njar V C Adesanwo J K Raji Y 1995 Methyl angolensate the antiulcer agent of the stem bark of Entandrophragma angolense Planta Medica 61 1 91 92 doi 10 1055 s 2006 958015 ISSN 0032 0943 PMID 7701005 S2CID 260278970 Bickiia J Tchouyab Grf Tchouankeub Jc Tsamo E 2008 09 22 The antiplasmodial agents of the stem bark of Entandrophragma angolense Meliaceae African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines 4 2 135 139 doi 10 4314 ajtcam v4i2 31188 ISSN 0189 6016 Orisadipe Abayomi Amos Samson Adesomoju Akinbobola Binda Lucy Emeje Martins Okogun Joseph Wambebe Charles Gamaniel Karniyus 2001 Spasmolytic Activity of Methyl Angolensate A Triterpenoid Isolated from Entandrophragma angolense Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 24 4 364 367 doi 10 1248 bpb 24 364 ISSN 0918 6158 PMID 11305596 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Entandrophragma angolense amp oldid 1188130407, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
