Enhanced Full Rate or EFR or GSM-EFR or GSM 06.60 is a speech coding standard that was developed in order to improve the quality of GSM.
Enhanced Full Rate was developed by Nokia and the Université de Sherbrooke (Canada). In 1995, ETSI selected the Enhanced Full Rate voice codec as the industry standard codec for GSM/DCS.[1]
The sampling rate is 8000 sample/s leading to a bit rate for the encoded bit stream of 12.2 kbit/s. The coding scheme is the so-called Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction Coder (ACELP). The encoder is fed with data consisting of samples with a resolution of 13 bits left justified in a 16-bit word. The three least significant bits are set to 0. The decoder outputs data in the same format.[2]
The Enhanced Full Rate (GSM 06.60) technical specification describes the detailed mapping between input blocks of 160 speech samples in 13-bit uniform PCM format to encoded blocks of 244 bits and from encoded blocks of 244 bits to output blocks of 160 reconstructed speech samples. It also specifies the conversion between A-law or μ-law (PCS 1900) 8-bit PCM and 13-bit uniform PCM. This part of specification also describes the codec down to the bit level, thus enabling the verification of compliance to the part to a high degree of confidence by use of a set of digital test sequences. These test sequences are described in GSM 06.54 and are available on disks.[2]
This standard is defined in ETSI ETS 300 726 (GSM 06.60). The packing is specified in ETSI Technical Specification TS 101 318.[3] ETSI has selected the Enhanced Full Rate voice codec as the industry standard codec for GSM/DCS in 1995. Enhanced Full Rate was also chosen as the industry standard in US market for PCS 1900 GSM frequency band.[1][4]
Licensing and patent issuesedit
The Enhanced Full Rate incorporate several patents. It uses the patented ACELP technology, which is licensed by the VoiceAge Corporation.[5][6][7][8]
Enhanced Full Rate was developed by Nokia and the Université de Sherbrooke (Canada).[1]
enhanced, full, rate, enhanced, full, rate, speech, coding, standard, that, developed, order, improve, quality, enhanced, full, rate, developed, nokia, université, sherbrooke, canada, 1995, etsi, selected, enhanced, full, rate, voice, codec, industry, standard. Enhanced Full Rate or EFR or GSM EFR or GSM 06 60 is a speech coding standard that was developed in order to improve the quality of GSM Enhanced Full Rate was developed by Nokia and the Universite de Sherbrooke Canada In 1995 ETSI selected the Enhanced Full Rate voice codec as the industry standard codec for GSM DCS 1 Contents 1 Technology 2 Licensing and patent issues 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksTechnology editThe sampling rate is 8000 sample s leading to a bit rate for the encoded bit stream of 12 2 kbit s The coding scheme is the so called Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction Coder ACELP The encoder is fed with data consisting of samples with a resolution of 13 bits left justified in a 16 bit word The three least significant bits are set to 0 The decoder outputs data in the same format 2 The Enhanced Full Rate GSM 06 60 technical specification describes the detailed mapping between input blocks of 160 speech samples in 13 bit uniform PCM format to encoded blocks of 244 bits and from encoded blocks of 244 bits to output blocks of 160 reconstructed speech samples It also specifies the conversion between A law or m law PCS 1900 8 bit PCM and 13 bit uniform PCM This part of specification also describes the codec down to the bit level thus enabling the verification of compliance to the part to a high degree of confidence by use of a set of digital test sequences These test sequences are described in GSM 06 54 and are available on disks 2 This standard is defined in ETSI ETS 300 726 GSM 06 60 The packing is specified in ETSI Technical Specification TS 101 318 3 ETSI has selected the Enhanced Full Rate voice codec as the industry standard codec for GSM DCS in 1995 Enhanced Full Rate was also chosen as the industry standard in US market for PCS 1900 GSM frequency band 1 4 Licensing and patent issues editThe Enhanced Full Rate incorporate several patents It uses the patented ACELP technology which is licensed by the VoiceAge Corporation 5 6 7 8 Enhanced Full Rate was developed by Nokia and the Universite de Sherbrooke Canada 1 See also editHalf Rate Full Rate Adaptive Multi Rate AMR Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB Extended Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB Comparison of audio coding formatsReferences edit a b c Nokia 1995 11 04 Nokia Sets Industry Standard with New Voice Codec Archived from the original on 1996 12 20 Retrieved 2009 09 20 a b ETSI EN 300 726 V 8 0 1 2000 11 GSM 06 60 version 8 0 1 Release 1999 Retrieved on 2009 07 08 RFC 3551 GSM EFR GSM 06 60 Retrieved on 2009 07 08 Jutta Degener 1995 Half rate GSM and EFR Retrieved 2009 09 20 VoiceAge Corporation 2007 10 14 Licensing EFR GSM Archived from the original on 2007 10 14 Retrieved 2009 09 20 VoiceAge Corporation Licensing EFR GSM VoiceAge Corporation Retrieved 2009 09 20 VoiceAge Corporation 2007 10 13 Codec Technologies Archived from the original on 2007 10 13 Retrieved 2009 09 20 VoiceAge Corporation Codec Technologies VoiceAge Corporation Retrieved 2009 09 20 External links editRFC 3551 GSM EFR GSM 06 60 ETS 300 726 GSM 06 60 3GPP TS06 60 technical specification Summary of GSM Codecs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Enhanced full rate amp oldid 1220784863, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
