Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth
Gerard Vernon Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth (16 May 1898 – 28 September 1984), styled Viscount Lymington from 1925 until 1943, was a British landowner, writer on agricultural topics, and politician involved in right-wing groups.
The Earl of Portsmouth | |
|---|---|
| Earl of Portsmouth | |
| Tenure | 10 February 1943 – 28 September 1984 |
| Predecessor | Oliver Wallop, 8th Earl of Portsmouth |
| Successor | Quentin Wallop, 10th Earl of Portsmouth |
| Other titles | 9th Earl of Portsmouth 9th Viscount Lymington 9th Baron Wallop Hereditary Bailiff of Burley, New Forset |
| Born | Gerard Vernon Wallop 16 May 1898 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | 28 September 1984 (aged 86) Newbury, England[1] |
| Nationality | British American (until c. 10 February 1943) |
| Residence | Sheridan, Wyoming (childhood) Farleigh Wallop, Hampshire, England (later life) |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Lawrence Post (m. 1920)Bridget Cory Croban (m. 1936) |
| Issue | Oliver Kintzing Wallop, Viscount Lymington Lady Anne Camilla Evelyn Wallop Lady Phillipa Wallop Lady Jane Wallop Hon. Nicholas Wallop |
| Parents | Oliver Wallop, 8th Earl of Portsmouth Marguerite Walker |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/ | British Army |
| Years of service | 19 January 1917 - c. 11 November 1918 |
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Early life edit
Gerard was born in Chicago, the eldest son of Oliver Henry Wallop and Marguerite Walker. His father moved to Wyoming, where he was a rancher and served in the Wyoming State Legislature. After the deaths of his two older brothers without sons, Oliver succeeded as 8th Earl of Portsmouth, and renounced his American citizenship to serve in the House of Lords.[2] Gerard was brought up near Sheridan, Wyoming in the United States, where his parents farmed. He was educated in England, at Farnborough, at Winchester College and at Balliol College, Oxford. He then farmed at Farleigh Wallop in Hampshire. Wallop was commissioned a temporary second lieutenant (probationary) in the Reserve Regiment, 2nd Life Guards on 19 January 1917,[3] was transferred to the Guards Machine Gun Regiment on 10 May 1918,[4] and commissioned a temporary lieutenant on 19 July 1918.[5]
Conservative Party politics edit
Lord Lymington was Conservative Member of Parliament for the Basingstoke constituency from 1929 to 1934. He stepped down and caused a by-election in March 1934 (Henry Maxence Cavendish Drummond Wolff was elected). At this point he was in the India Defence League, an imperialist group of Conservatives around Winston Churchill, and undertook a research mission in India for them.
He attended[6] the second Convegno Volta in 1932, with Christopher Dawson, Lord Rennell of Rodd, Charles Petrie and Paul Einzig making up the British representatives.[7][8] It was on the theme L'Europa.[9]
His exit from party politics was apparently caused by a measure of disillusion, and frustrated ambition.
Newton papers edit
In 1936, he sent for auction at Sotheby's the major collection of unpublished papers of Isaac Newton, known as the Portsmouth Papers.[10] These had been in the family for around two centuries, since an earlier Viscount Lymington had married Newton's great-niece.[11]
The sale was the occasion on which Newton's religious and alchemical interests became generally known.[12] Broken into a large number of separate lots, running into several hundred, they became dispersed. John Maynard Keynes purchased many significant lots. Theological works were bought in large numbers by Abraham Yahuda. Another purchaser was Emmanuel Fabius, a dealer in Paris.
Right-wing groups edit
Wallop was a member of and important influence on the English Mistery,[13] a society promoted by William Sanderson and founded in 1929 or 1930. This was a conservative group, with views in tune with his own monarchist and ruralist opinions.
A split in the Mistery left Wallop leading a successor, the English Array. It was active from 1936 to the early months of World War II, and advocated "back to the land".[14] Its membership included A. K. Chesterton, J. F. C. Fuller, Rolf Gardiner, Hon. Richard de Grey, Hardwicke Holderness, Anthony Ludovici, John de Rutzen,[15] and Reginald Dorman-Smith.[16] It has been described as "more specifically pro-Nazi" than the Mistery; Famine in England (1938) by Lymington was an agricultural manifesto, but traded on racial overtones of urban immigration.[17] Lymington's use of Parliamentary questions has been blamed for British government reluctance to admit refugees.[18]
He edited New Pioneer magazine from 1938 to 1940, collaborating with John Warburton Beckett and A. K. Chesterton. The gathering European war saw him found the British Council Against European Commitments in 1938, with William Joyce. He joined the British People's Party in 1943.[19] The English Array was not shut down, as other organisations of the right were in the war years, but was under official suspicion and saw little activity.[20]
Organic movement edit
Wallop was an early advocate of organic farming in Britain.[21] He has been described as a "central figure in the organic movement’s coalescence during the 1930s and ’40s."[21]
He founded the Kinship in Husbandry with Rolf Gardiner,[22] a precursor of the Soil Association. It recruited Edmund Blunden, Arthur Bryant, H. J. Massingham,[20] Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne, Adrian Bell, and Philip Mairet.[23]
Family and personal life edit
He was married twice and had five children.[2]
On 31 July 1920, he married Mary Lawrence Post (divorced 1936), daughter of Waldron Kintzing Post Sr., of Bayport, Long Island, and Mary Lawrence née Perkins. They had two children:
- Oliver Kintzing Wallop, Viscount Lymington (14 January 1923 – 5 June 1984; aged 61), married as his second wife, Ruth Violet Sladen, daughter of Brig.-Gen. Gerald Carew Sladen CB CMG DSO MC, and Mabel Ursula, of the Orr Ewing baronets, and had:
- Lady Anne Camilla Evelyn Wallop (12 July 1925 – 25 January 2023; aged 97)[24] who married Lord Rupert Nevill, younger son of Guy Larnach-Nevill, 4th Marquess of Abergavenny.
In 1936, he married secondly, Bridget Cory Crohan, only daughter of Capt. Patrick Bermingham Crohan MBE by (Edith) Barbara Cory (later Bray), of Owlpen Manor, Gloucestershire. They had three children:[2]
- Lady Philippa Dorothy Bluet Wallop (21 August 1937 – 31 August 1984; aged 47) who married Charles Cadogan, Viscount Chelsea and had issue[25]
- Lady Jane Alianora Borlace Wallop (24 February 1939 – 30 November 2021; aged 82)
- Hon. Nicholas Valoynes Bermingham Wallop (born 14 July 1946), married Lavinia Karmel, only daughter of David Karmel CBE
Gerard Wallop succeeded to the title of Earl of Portsmouth in 1943, on the death of his father Oliver.
After the war he moved to Kenya, where he lived for nearly 30 years. His seat at Farleigh House was let as a preparatory school from 1953.
The Earl's elder son, Oliver, predeceased him; on his death in 1984, the title passed to his grandson Quentin.[2]
Works edit
- Spring Song of Iscariot (Black Sun Press, 1929) poem, as Lord Lymington
- Ich Dien - the Tory Path (1931) as Lord Lymington
- Famine in England (1938)
- Alternative to Death (1943)
- A Knot of Roots (1965) autobiography
References edit
- ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
- ^ a b c d Mosley 2003, pp. 3192–3193.
- ^ "No. 29918". The London Gazette. 23 January 1917. p. 934. . Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "No. 30864". The London Gazette. 23 August 1918. p. 9954. . Archived from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "No. 30921". The London Gazette. 24 September 1918. p. 11420. . Archived from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Dietz 2018, p. 120.
- ^ Passerini 1999, p. 71.
- ^ Scott 1992, pp. 104–105.
- ^ [Europe]. www.lincei-celebrazioni.it (in Italian). Accademia dei Lincei. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ Iliffe, Rob; Mandelbrote, Scott. "The Sotheby Sale of Isaac Newton's Papers in 1936". The Newton Project. from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ "Add. MSS 3958-4007 etc. and 9597: Papers of Sir Isaac Newton". www.lib.cam.ac.uk. Cambridge University Library. 2002. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ Iliffe 1998, p. 148.
- ^ Gottlieb & Linehan 2004, p. 189.
- ^ Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2003, p. 181.
- ^ Stone 2002, p. 49.
- ^ Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2003, p. 182.
- ^ Griffiths 1998, p. 53.
- ^ Kushner & Knox 1999, p. 148.
- ^ Linehan 2000, p. 140.
- ^ a b Stone 2002, p. 53.
- ^ a b Conford 2005, pp. 78–96.
- ^ Burchardt 2002, p. 137.
- ^ Gottlieb & Linehan 2004, p. 187.
- ^ "Lady Rupert (née Wallop) Nevill death notice". The Telegraph. 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ "Deaths – Viscountess Chelsea". The Times. 4 September 1984. p. 2.
Bibliography edit
- Barberis, Peter; McHugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike (2003). Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations.
- Burchardt, Jeremy (2002). Paradise Lost: Rural Idyll and Social Change in England Since 1800. I.B. Tauris.
- Conford, Philip (2005). "Organic Society: Agriculture and Radical Politics in the Career of Gerard Wallop, Ninth Earl of Portsmouth (1898-1984)" (PDF). Agricultural History Review. 53 (1): 78–96.
- Dietz, Bernhard (2018). Neo-Tories: The Revolt of British Conservatives against Democracy and Political Modernity (1929–1939). Translated by Copestake, Ian. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-4725-7003-1.
- Gottlieb, Julie V.; Linehan, Thomas P. (2004). The Culture of Fascism: Visions of the Far Right in Britain. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781860647987. from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- Griffiths, Richard (1998). Patriotism Perverted: Captain Ramsay, the Right Club and English Anti-semitism, 1939-40. Constable. ISBN 9780094679207.
- Iliffe, Rob (1998). "A 'connected system'?". In William Hunter, Michael Cyril (ed.). Archives of the Scientific Revolution: The Formation and Exchange of Ideas in Seventeenth-century Europe. Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press. ISBN 9780851155531. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- Kushner, Tony; Knox, Katharine (1999). "The Fascist Era, 1933-1945". Refugees in an Age of Genocide: Global, National, and Local Perspectives. London, UK: Frank Cass. ISBN 9780714647838. from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- Linehan, Thomas (2000). "The Minor Parties, 'One-Man Bands' And Some Fellow-Travellers". British Fascism, 1918-1939: Parties, Ideology and Culture. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719050244. from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
- Passerini, Luisa (1999). Europe in Love, Love in Europe: Imagination and Politics in Britain Between the Wars. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781860642814. from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- Scott, Christina (1992). A Historian and His World: A Life of Christopher Dawson. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781560000136. from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- Stone, Dan (2002). "Anthony Mario Ludovici: A 'Light-Weight Superman'". Breeding Superman: Nietzsche, Race and Eugenics in Edwardian and Interwar Britain. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 9780853239970.
External links edit
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Portsmouth