The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) is a reference work describing the state of opening theory in chess, originally published in five volumes from 1974 to 1979 by the Serbian company Šahovski Informator (Chess Informant). It is currently undergoing its fifth edition. ECO may also refer to the opening classification system used by the encyclopedia.
ECO volume E. The first line of moves means that it contains openings beginning 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6. The second line means it contains openings with 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6, without an early ...d7–d5. The title is given in eight languages.
Both ECO and Chess Informant are published by the Belgrade-based company Šahovski Informator. The moves are taken from thousands of master games and from published analysis in Informant and compiled by the editors, most of whom are grandmasters, who select the lines which they consider most relevant or critical. The chief editor since the first edition has been Aleksandar Matanović(1930-2023). The openings are provided in an ECO table that concisely presents the opening lines considered most critical by the editors. ECO covers the openings in more detail than rival single volume publications such as Modern Chess Openings and Nunn's Chess Openings, but in less detail than specialized opening books.
The books are intended for an international audience and contain only a small amount of text, which is in several languages. The bulk of the content consists of diagrams of positions and chess moves, annotated with symbols, many of them developed by Chess Informant. Chess Informant pioneered the use of Figurine Algebraic Notation to avoid the use of initials for the names of the pieces, which vary between languages.
Instead of the traditional names for the openings, ECO has developed a coding system that has also been adopted by other chess publications. There are five main categories, "A" to "E", corresponding to the five volumes of the earlier editions, each of which is further subdivided into 100 subcategories, for a total of 500 codes. The term "ECO" is often used as a shorthand for this coding system. ECO code is a registered trademark of Chess Informant.
"Openings". Chess Archaeology. ECO codes with names
January 01, 1970
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The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ECO is a reference work describing the state of opening theory in chess originally published in five volumes from 1974 to 1979 by the Serbian company Sahovski Informator Chess Informant It is currently undergoing its fifth edition ECO may also refer to the opening classification system used by the encyclopedia ECO volume E The first line of moves means that it contains openings beginning 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 The second line means it contains openings with 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 g6 without an early d7 d5 The title is given in eight languages Contents 1 Overview 2 Openings covered 2 1 Volume A Flank openings 2 2 Volume B Semi Open Games other than the French Defence 2 3 Volume C Open Games and the French Defence 2 4 Volume D Closed Games and Semi Closed Games 2 5 Volume E Indian Defences 3 Main ECO codes 3 1 A 3 2 B 3 3 C 3 4 D 3 5 E 4 First edition 5 Second edition 6 Third edition 7 Fourth edition 8 Fifth edition 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksThis article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves Overview editBoth ECO and Chess Informant are published by the Belgrade based company Sahovski Informator The moves are taken from thousands of master games and from published analysis in Informant and compiled by the editors most of whom are grandmasters who select the lines which they consider most relevant or critical The chief editor since the first edition has been Aleksandar Matanovic 1930 2023 The openings are provided in an ECO table that concisely presents the opening lines considered most critical by the editors ECO covers the openings in more detail than rival single volume publications such as Modern Chess Openings and Nunn s Chess Openings but in less detail than specialized opening books The books are intended for an international audience and contain only a small amount of text which is in several languages The bulk of the content consists of diagrams of positions and chess moves annotated with symbols many of them developed by Chess Informant Chess Informant pioneered the use of Figurine Algebraic Notation to avoid the use of initials for the names of the pieces which vary between languages Instead of the traditional names for the openings ECO has developed a coding system that has also been adopted by other chess publications There are five main categories A to E corresponding to the five volumes of the earlier editions each of which is further subdivided into 100 subcategories for a total of 500 codes The term ECO is often used as a shorthand for this coding system ECO code is a registered trademark of Chess Informant Openings covered editVolume A Flank openings edit Phenician Gambit English Opening Benoni Defence Dutch Defence Reti Opening Benko Gambit Old Indian Defence Bird s Opening Anti Indian systems Trompowsky Attack Torre Attack Richter Veresov Attack Irregular openings etc Volume B Semi Open Games other than the French Defence edit Sicilian Defence Caro Kann Defence Pirc Defence Alekhine s Defence Modern Defence Scandinavian Defence etc Volume C Open Games and the French Defence edit Ruy Lopez French Defence Petrov s Defence Vienna Game Centre Game King s Gambit Philidor Defence Italian Giuoco Piano Evans Gambit Hungarian Defence and Two Knights Scotch Game Four Knights Game etc King s Pawn Opening etc covers unusual rare 1 e4 openings such as the Elephant Gambit and Ponziani Opening Volume D Closed Games and Semi Closed Games edit including Grunfeld Defence but not other Indian Defenses Queen s Gambit Accepted Declined Slav Orthodox Tarrasch Tartakower Albin Countergambit etc Grunfeld Defence Queen s Pawn Game etc Volume E Indian Defences edit other than Grunfeld Defence and Old Indian Defence Nimzo Indian Defence Queen s Indian Defence King s Indian Defence Catalan Opening Bogo Indian Defence etc Main ECO codes editMain article List of chess openings A edit White first moves other than 1 e4 1 d4 A00 A39 1 d4 without 1 d5 1 Nf6 or 1 f5 Atypical replies to 1 d4 A40 A44 1 d4 Nf6 without 2 c4 Atypical replies to 1 Nf6 A45 A49 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 without 2 e6 2 g6 Atypical Indian systems A50 A79 1 d4 f5 Dutch Defence A80 A99 B edit 1 e4 without 1 c6 1 c5 1 e6 1 e5 B00 B09 1 e4 c6 Caro Kann Defence B10 B19 1 e4 c5 Sicilian Defence B20 B99 C edit 1 e4 e6 French Defence C00 C19 1 e4 e5 Double King Pawn games C20 C99 D edit 1 d4 d5 Double Queen Pawn games D00 D69 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 g6 with 3 d5 Grunfeld Defence D70 D99 E edit 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 Indian systems with e6 E00 E59 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 g6 without 3 d5 Indian systems with g6 except Grunfeld E60 E99 First edition editThe first edition was published in the following years Volume A 1979 Volume B 1975 Volume C 1974 Volume D 1976 Volume E 1978 Volume D 1976 Code Author 00 01 Bagirov Vladimir 94 95 Bagirov Vladimir 60 65 Barcza Gedeon 60 65 Florian Tibor 70 79 Botvinnik Mikhail 98 99 Botvinnik Mikhail 70 79 Abramov Lev 98 99 Abramov Lev 56 57 Bukic Enver 02 05 Cvetkovic Srđan 02 05 Sokolov Vladimir 31 32 Euwe Max 50 55 Filip Miroslav 45 46 Gheorghiu Florin 45 46 Samarian Sergiu 38 39 Gipslis Aivars 80 Gipslis Aivars 90 91 Gipslis Aivars 58 59 Hort Vlastimil 66 69 Judovic Mihail 85 89 Karpov Anatoly 43 44 Korchnoi Viktor 47 49 Korchnoi Viktor 15 19 Kotov Alexander 33 34 Larsen Bent 30 Matanovic Aleksandar 35 36 Matanovic Aleksandar 30 Ugrinovic Dragan 35 36 Ugrinovic Dragan 25 Matulovic Milan 25 Krnic Zdenko 06 09 Minev Nikolay 37 38 Minev Nikolay 40 42 Parma Bruno 26 29 Polugaevsky Lev 96 97 Smyslov Vasily 10 14 Suetin Alexey 20 24 Taimanov Mark 81 84 Uhlmann Wolfgang 92 93 Uhlmann Wolfgang Volume E 1978 Code Author 00 05 Averbakh Yuri 00 05 Neishtadt Yakov 32 37 Bagirov Vladimir 67 69 Boleslavsky Isaac 67 69 Lepeshkin Vladimir 27 29 Botvinnik Mikhail 47 49 Botvinnik Mikhail 27 29 Abramov Lev 47 49 Abramov Lev 97 99 Byrne Robert 97 99 Mednis Edmar 90 92 Euwe Max 46 Filip Miroslav 56 59 Filip Miroslav 10 11 Gipslis Aivars 20 23 Gipslis Aivars 95 96 Vlastimil Hort 54 55 Ivkov Borislav 52 Judovic Mihail 83 84 Karpov Anatoly 83 84 Razuvayev Yuri 43 Kotov Alexander 50 51 Kotov Alexander 06 07 Krnic Zdenko 93 94 Krnic Zdenko 06 07 Cvetkovic Srđan 93 94 Cvetkovic Srđan 85 86 Larsen Bent 87 89 Lilienthal Andor 87 89 Florian Tibor 08 09 Matanovic Aleksandar 15 19 Matanovic Aleksandar 08 09 Ugrinovic Dragan 15 19 Ugrinovic Dragan 70 72 Minev Nikolay 76 79 Minev Nikolay 24 26 Parma Bruno 53 Parma Bruno 14 Polugaevsky Lev 73 75 Polugaevsky Lev 80 82 Razuvayev Yuri 12 13 Suetin Alexey 30 31 Taimanov Mark 40 45 Taimanov Mark 60 63 Uhlmann Wolfgang 38 39 Unzicker Wolfgang 64 66 Wade RobertSecond edition editThe second edition was published in the following years Volume A 1996 Volume B 1984 Volume C 1981 Volume D 1987 Volume E 1991 Volume B 1984 Code Author 04 05 Bagirov Vladimir 18 19 Bagirov Vladimir 13 14 Botvinnik Mikhail 13 14 Abramov Lev 10 Filip Miroslav 12 Filip Miroslav 15 Filip Miroslav 17 Filip Miroslav 36 39 Filip Miroslav 70 79 Geller Efim 95 99 Gipslis Aivars 20 21 Gufeld Eduard 23 26 Gufeld Eduard 02 03 Hort Vlastimil 80 85 Kasparov Garry 30 31 Korchnoi Viktor 34 35 Korchnoi Viktor 28 29 Krnic Zdenko 87 Krnic Zdenko 28 29 Cvetkovic Srđan 00 01 Larsen Bent 16 Larsen Bent 60 69 Matanovic Aleksandar 60 69 Ugrinovic Dragan 06 Minev Nikolay 11 Minev Nikolay 57 Nunn John 88 89 Nunn John 07 09 Parma Bruno 44 Polugaevsky Lev 50 53 Polugaevsky Lev 86 Polugaevsky Lev 90 94 Polugaevsky Lev 96 Polugaevsky Lev 27 Suetin Alexey 54 56 Suetin Alexey 58 59 Suetin Alexey 22 Sveshnikov Evgeny 33 Sveshnikov Evgeny 40 43 Taimanov Mark 45 49 Taimanov Mark 32 Uhlmann WolfgangThird edition editThe third edition was published in the following years Volume A 1999 Volume B 1997 Volume C 1997 Volume D 1998 Volume E 1998Fourth edition editThe fourth edition was published in the following years Volume A 2001 Volume B 2002 Volume C 2000 Volume D 2004 Volume E 2008Fifth edition editThe fifth edition was published in the following years Volume C 2006 Volume B part 1 ECO codes B00 B49 2020 Volume B part 2 ECO codes B50 B99 2021See also editChess annotation symbols ECO uses symbols instead of text Chess Informant List of chess books List of chess openings for all ECO codes Opening bookReferences editBibliography Matanovic Aleksandar Molorovic Milivoje Bozic Aleksandar 1971 Classification of Chess Openings Chess Informant a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Abramov Lev Bagirov Vladimir Botvinnik Mikhail Cvetkovic Srdan Filip Miroslav Geller Efim Gipslis Aivars Gufeld Eduard Hort Vlastimil Kasparov Garry Korchnoi Viktor Krnic Zdenko Larsen Bent Matanovic Aleksandar Minev Nikolay Nunn John Parma Bruno Polugaevsky Lev Suetin Alexey Sveshnikov Evgeny Taimanov Mark Ugrinovic Dragan Uhlmann Wolfgang 1984 Encyclopedia of Chess Openings volume B 2nd ed Belgrade Chess Informant ISBN 0 7134 3716 2 Hooper David Whyld Kenneth 1996 First pub 1992 Encyclopedia of Chess Openings The Oxford Companion to Chess 2nd ed Oxford University Press p 123 ISBN 0 19 280049 3 External links edit Chess Informant Publisher s site Openings Chess Archaeology ECO codes with names Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings amp oldid 1218852677, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
