Quercus emoryi is a wintergreen tree in the red oak group, retaining its leaves throughout the winter until new leaves are produced in spring. It is a large shrub or small tree from 5–17 metres (16–56 feet) tall. The leaves are 3–6 centimetres (1–2+1⁄2 inches) long, simple or wavy-toothed, leathery, dark green above, paler below. The acorns are 1.5–2 cm (5⁄8–3⁄4 in) long, blackish-brown, and mature in 6–8 months from pollination; the kernel is sweet, and is an important food for people and for certain other mammals.[5]
The seeds of this tree are called chich’il in Ndee, wi-yo:thi or toa in O’odham, bellotas in Spanish, and acorns in English.[6] The English and Latin botanical names for this tree come from the name of a United States Army surveyor, Lieutenant William Hemsley Emory, who surveyed the area that had become known as West-Texas in the 1840s.
Ecologyedit
The Emory acorn is sweet and is an important food for livestock, deer, squirrels, the Gila chipmunk, and birds such as quail and wild turkeys.[5][7][8] Deer and livestock also browse the foliage.[9]
Usesedit
Native American groups have eaten Emory acorns traditionally, ceremonially, and in contemporary cuisine. The acorns are most commonly ground into meal.[10][11][8]
Emory oak health and habitat have been challenged in 2020, including in Oak Flat, Arizona in the Tonto National Forest by the Resolution Copper mining company's large copper mine[citation needed].
Emory oak acorns are a critically important resource for Western Apache Tribal Nation, both as a food source and due to its cultural and ceremonial uses. For decades, Apache elders watched in frustration as groves produced less acorn yield and declined in overall health. The ... Emory oak Collaborative Tribal Restoration Initiative is restor[ing] and protect[ing] Emory oak stands ... to ensure the long-term persistence of Emory oak. Habitat loss, fire suppression, livestock grazing, groundwater reductions, species competition and climate change have all impacted the Emory oak population. This program uses tribal traditional ecological knowledge to guide goals and activities.[12]
Referencesedit
^Beckman, E.; Jerome, D. (2017). "Quercus emoryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T194126A111335378. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T194126A111335378.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^"Quercus emoryi". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
^ abNixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus emoryi". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^"Savoring Bellotas in Apache Acorn Stew" (blog post, September 30, 2019), in Savor the Southwest: Forage, Raise, Cook
^Little, Elbert L. (1994) [1980]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region (Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 397. ISBN0394507614.
^"Tribal restoration initiative seeks to protect, restore Emory oak", November 2, 2020
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus emoryi.
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile: Quercus emoryi
April 13, 2024
quercus, emoryi, emory, species, common, arizona, including, inside, saguaro, national, park, mexico, western, texas, including, inside, bend, national, park, united, states, northern, mexico, sonora, chihuahua, coahuila, including, parque, nacional, maderas, . Quercus emoryi the Emory oak is a species of oak common in Arizona including inside Saguaro National Park New Mexico and western Texas including inside Big Bend National Park United States and northern Mexico Sonora Chihuahua Coahuila including Parque Nacional Maderas del Carmen Durango Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi 3 4 It typically grows in dry hills at moderate altitudes Emory oakConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily FagaceaeGenus QuercusSubgenus Quercus subg QuercusSection Quercus sect LobataeSpecies Q emoryiBinomial nameQuercus emoryiTorr Natural range of Quercus emoryiSynonyms 2 Quercus balsequillana Trel Quercus duraznillo Trel Quercus duraznillo f bullata Trel Quercus duraznillo f cochutensis Trel Quercus duraznillo f pinetorum Trel Quercus hastata Liebm Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Uses 4 References 5 External linksDescription edit nbsp LeavesQuercus emoryi is a wintergreen tree in the red oak group retaining its leaves throughout the winter until new leaves are produced in spring It is a large shrub or small tree from 5 17 metres 16 56 feet tall The leaves are 3 6 centimetres 1 2 1 2 inches long simple or wavy toothed leathery dark green above paler below The acorns are 1 5 2 cm 5 8 3 4 in long blackish brown and mature in 6 8 months from pollination the kernel is sweet and is an important food for people and for certain other mammals 5 The seeds of this tree are called chich il in Ndee wi yo thi or toa in O odham bellotas in Spanish and acorns in English 6 The English and Latin botanical names for this tree come from the name of a United States Army surveyor Lieutenant William Hemsley Emory who surveyed the area that had become known as West Texas in the 1840s Ecology editThe Emory acorn is sweet and is an important food for livestock deer squirrels the Gila chipmunk and birds such as quail and wild turkeys 5 7 8 Deer and livestock also browse the foliage 9 Uses editNative American groups have eaten Emory acorns traditionally ceremonially and in contemporary cuisine The acorns are most commonly ground into meal 10 11 8 Emory oak health and habitat have been challenged in 2020 including in Oak Flat Arizona in the Tonto National Forest by the Resolution Copper mining company s large copper mine citation needed According to the United States Department of Agriculture Emory oak acorns are a critically important resource for Western Apache Tribal Nation both as a food source and due to its cultural and ceremonial uses For decades Apache elders watched in frustration as groves produced less acorn yield and declined in overall health The Emory oak Collaborative Tribal Restoration Initiative is restor ing and protect ing Emory oak stands to ensure the long term persistence of Emory oak Habitat loss fire suppression livestock grazing groundwater reductions species competition and climate change have all impacted the Emory oak population This program uses tribal traditional ecological knowledge to guide goals and activities 12 References edit Beckman E Jerome D 2017 Quercus emoryi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T194126A111335378 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 2 RLTS T194126A111335378 en Retrieved 20 November 2021 Quercus emoryi Torr World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew via The Plant List Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online SEINet Southwestern Biodiversity Arizona chapter Quercus emoryi County level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas NAPA Biota of North America Program BONAP 2014 a b Nixon Kevin C 1997 Quercus emoryi In Flora of North America Editorial Committee ed Flora of North America North of Mexico FNA Vol 3 New York and Oxford Oxford University Press via eFloras org Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis MO amp Harvard University Herbaria Cambridge MA Savoring Bellotas in Apache Acorn Stew blog post September 30 2019 in Savor the Southwest Forage Raise Cook Little Elbert L 1994 1980 The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees Western Region Chanticleer Press ed Knopf p 397 ISBN 0394507614 a b Peattie Donald Culross 1953 A Natural History of Western Trees New York Bonanza Books pp 443 44 Whitney Stephen 1985 Western Forests The Audubon Society Nature Guides New York Knopf p 383 ISBN 0 394 73127 1 Going Green Is Really Going Native Western Apache Chef Nephi Craig NPR s Code Switch April 4 2016 Hanna Choi Gather Food Sovereignty Stories Film Tribal restoration initiative seeks to protect restore Emory oak November 2 2020External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus emoryi United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile Quercus emoryi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quercus emoryi amp oldid 1192714174, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
