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Electronic Music Studios

April 27, 2024

Electronic Music Studios (EMS) is a synthesizer company formed in Putney, London in 1969 by Peter Zinovieff, Tristram Cary and David Cockerell. It is now based in Ladock, Cornwall.

Founders edit

The founding partners had wide experience in both electronics and music. Cockerell, who was EMS' main equipment designer in its early years, was an electronics engineer and computer programmer. In the mid-1960s Zinovieff had formed the electronic music group Unit Delta Plus with Delia Derbyshire and Brian Hodgson of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Cary was a noted composer and a pioneer in electronic music—he was one of the first people in the UK to work in the musique concrete field and built one of the country's first electronic music studios; he also worked widely in film and TV, composing scores for numerous Ealing Studios and Hammer Films productions, and he is well known for his work on the BBC's Doctor Who, notably on the classic serial The Daleks.

VCS 3 edit

Main article: EMS VCS 3
 
Front view of the Synthi (VCS 3) II
(DK1 keyboard not shown)

The company's first commercial synthesiser, the VCS 3, designed by David Cockerell, was introduced in 1969.[1] It was developed in the basement of Zinovieff's house and was nicknamed "The Putney" after the London suburb where he was living at the time.[2]

EMS' original aim was to create a versatile monophonic synthesiser that would retail for just £100. While this proved unattainable in practice, the company nevertheless succeeded in manufacturing and selling the VCS3 for just £330, less than its nearest American competitor the Minimoog (which originally retailed for US$1495 when released in 1970) and far cheaper than Moog's modular systems, which cost thousands of dollars. EMS also released the DK1, a velocity sensitive dynamic monophonic keyboard controller for use with VCS3; this included an extra VCO and VCA and retailed for £145. [3][4][5] The DK1 was nicknamed "The Cricklewood" after the London suburb where Cockerell lived. EMS used to have a R&D department based over a DIY shop in Cricklewood Lane, Cricklewood, London, so that could have influenced the name of the mechanical keyboard. It is not widely known that EMS electronic equipment was mostly made by another company "Hilton Electronics" based in Wareham, Dorset.[citation needed]

The VCS3 consisted of 3 voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), a noise generator, two input amplifiers, ring modulator, voltage-controlled low-pass filter, trapezoid envelope generator, voltage-controlled reverberation, level meter, two output amplifiers thus providing a stereo output, and a joystick providing 'X' and 'Y' modulation control.

 
Matrix plugboard on Synthi VCS 3 II

A distinctive design feature of the VCS3 (and later EMS systems) was that, rather than using patch cords to route audio and control signals between modules, Cockerell employed a small matrix plugboard (patchboard) into which the user stuck special conductive pins that connected an input (listed on the X-axis of the matrix) to an output (on the Y-axis). This matrix plugboard gave the VCS3 a high degree of inter-connectivity, comparable to that of much larger modular systems, and far greater than similar small synthesisers like the Minimoog. It was also much easier to examine than the tangle of patch cords used to interconnect other modular systems of the day, such as the Moog modular synthesizer and was many times smaller than the cumbersome Moog patch bays, which used patch cord leads capped with 1/4-inch 'phone' jacks.

A live performance version, the VCS4, was built later the same year but was never put into production. It comprised two VCS3s side-by-side with a keyboard, mixer and signal processing in front, all in a single wooden cabinet. Although EMS lost track of the instrument in 1983, it survived and in the United States,[6] until 2019 when musician Simon Desorgher sold it to the Goldsmiths College, University of London Electronic Music Studios.[7]

The company's next project, the Synthi KB1 (1970), designed by Cockerell, also never went into production. It featured the same synthesis modules as the VCS3, but housed in a horizontal box casing, with a 29-note mini-keyboard controller and two small built in speakers. Only one prototype unit was built and this was subsequently sold to the progressive rock group Yes. [8]

Synthi 100 edit

 
EMS Synthi 100
Main article: EMS Synthi 100

EMS moved into direct competition with Moog in 1971 with the development of its first large-scale modular synthesiser, the "Synthi 100", which originally retailed for £6,500. This unit was first known as the "Digitana" another was later dubbed "The Delaware", after Delaware Rd, Maida Vale, the location of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Mounted in a free-standing console cabinet, the Synthi 100 was the third development level of the original VCS3, being in essence 28 VCS3 units by circuit board count. It was driven by twelve VCOs and eight VCF oscillators. Featured a built-in oscilloscope, two 60 x 60 patchbays, two joystick controllers, dual five-octave velocity-sensitive keyboard controllers and a 10,000 clock event with 6x6bit D/A outputs. e.g. 256 duophonic events (512 CV events) digital sequencer. About 30 units were built by EMS, and these enjoyed wide use in the 1970s and beyond; one model was sold to the BBC Radiophonic Workshop and was used extensively on BBC productions including Doctor Who, Blake's 7 and the original radio version of The Hitchhikers' Guide to the Galaxy. The sequencer module of the Synthi 100 was also made available as a separate unit, the Synthi Sequencer 256, which originally sold for £1,100.[9]

Synthi A / Synthi AK / Synthi AKS edit

 
A later-model, Synthi AKS equips built-in KS Sequencer with capacitive keyboard
 
The prototype "Portabella" Synthi A with built-in speakers
 
Synthi A with DK series keyboard [4][5]
Main articles: EMS Synthi A and EMS Synthi AKS

In 1971 EMS released a portable version of the VCS3, the EMS Synthi A, originally called the "Portabella", a pun on London's Portobello Road. Built into a compact Spartanite attaché case, this unit was even cheaper than the original VCS3 and retailed for just £198. The following year EMS released an expanded version, the Synthi AKS, which retailed for £420 and featured a sequencer and a small keyboard built into the lid. The first 30 AK units featured a black and silver touch pad, a Spin-and-touch random note selector and a resistive touch-sensitive keyboard; these original keyboards proved difficult to use, so they were subsequently replaced with blue capacitive touch-sensitive keyboard with integrated sequencer, and became known as the KS version.[10]

The Synthi AKS proved very popular and AKS units owned by Eno, Pink Floyd and Jean-Michel Jarre featured prominently in music by these artists in the early 1970s; one of the best-known appearances of an AKS on record is the track "On the Run" from Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), and it can be seen being used by Roger Waters and David Gilmour during the recording of the album in footage included in the 1st Director's Cut of Live at Pompeii and in the DSOTM episode of the BBC documentary series Classic Albums, respectively (Gilmour used his to demonstrate the sequence used in the song).

In music and the media edit

 
Dick Mills, BBC Radiophonic Workshop at the Roundhouse

EMS synthesisers and their London studios were used by many prominent rock and electronic artists including Pink Floyd (Meddle, Obscured by Clouds, The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals, The Wall), The Who (Won't Get Fooled Again), BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Brian Eno and Roxy Music, Tangerine Dream (all early albums), Hawkwind, Tim Blake, Jean Michel Jarre and Kraftwerk and David Vorhaus (White Noise 2). As noted above, the Synthi 100 "Delaware" owned by the Radiophonic Workshop was used extensively for BBC radio and television productions in the 1970s.

 
EMS Synthi Hi-Fli (1973), one of the earliest analog multi effect processors
 
The Groundhogs' Tony McPhee using the Synthi Hi-Fli live in 1974
 
David Gilmour's 'EMS Synthi Hi-Fli' (aka 'The Sound Freak'), purchased 1972, used on The Dark Side of the Moon

The EMS Synthi Hi-Fli analog multi effect processor was used extensively by Tony TS Mcphee of The Groundhogs and was used on the album SOLID in 1974. Footage exists of them live at the Marquee Club in London and it is clearly visible on its stand on stage. This footage was broadcast on The Old Grey Whistle Test in 1974.[11]

In late 2010 Zinovieff put his original Synthi A synthesiser (serial number 4016) up for sale. This instrument, which he believes was the one featured in the "Every Picnic Needs a Synthi" press advertisement,[12] was fully restored by Robin Wood at EMS.[13]

EMS equipment can be seen in the 1978 British horror film The Shout starring Alan Bates, John Hurt and Susannah York, the equipment featured includes a Synthi Sequencer 256, a Vocoder 2000 and a VCS3, the film is available on DVD (Network 79527630), the equipment was loaned to "The Rank Organisation" by Dartington College in Devon, and the featured Synthi Sequencer 256 was recently sold on the "Vintage Electronic Musical Instrument Auction" VEMIA [14] website in April 2011.

Timeline of major products edit

 
EMS Synthi Sequencer 256 (1971) panel
 
EMS Spectron (1974) video-synthesized image
 
EMS Synthi-E synthesizer (1975)
 
EMS Vocoder 5000 (1976)

References edit

Bibliography edit

 
EMS MUSYS 3 (1970) system diagram
  • Hinton, Graham (27 December 2002). . Cornwall: Electronic Music Studios. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013.
    Inside story about the beginnings of EMS, studios, non-commercial equipment, people and users.
  • Hinton, Graham (17 June 2001). . Cornwall: Electronic Music Studios. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013.
  • "MUSYS". musicainformatica.org / musicainformatica.it. 16 May 2014. figure 2 - A summary that shows the position of the two PDP computers within the MUSYS system, and all the devices connected to them. (figure2)
  • Grogono, Peter (1973). "MUSYS: Software for an electronic music studio". Software: Practice and Experience. 3 (4): 369–383. doi:10.1002/spe.4380030410. S2CID 206507040.
  • Cockerell, David (1 October 2013). "Interview - David Cockerell". These Hopeful Machines. Radio New Zealand. [Q] ...Chronometer [3], as I understand it, the sounds of the clock mechanisms and all the rest of it were effectively sampled by an ADC, stored and manipulated by the computer and then spat out again. What was the breakthrough ... [A] Peter kept buying the latest computers that came out and of course the memory increased. Then I built him a hard disc recorder so that one could store some of the sounds on this hard disc. ... as a corner of radio program Sound Lounge

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  2. ^ "Computer Orchestra 1968" (video). British Pathé. 15 September 1968. Media URN: 56894; Film ID: 2071.30; Canister: 68/75; Sort Number: 68/075.
  3. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  4. ^ a b EMS VCS3 and DK1 Cricklewood Keyboard. Synthfind.com (photographs). 26 May 2009.
  5. ^ a b . Derek Revell's Website (photographs). Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. (moved from: "www.derekrevell.co.uk". – duophonic version of DK1, released in 1971.
  6. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  7. ^ "There Was A VCS4 After All - Spend A Day With It". Sonic State. 2 March 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  8. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  9. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  10. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  11. ^ (video). Archived from the original on 5 December 2013.
  12. ^ Hinton, Graham (8 August 1998). . Cornwall: Electronic Music Studios. Archived from the original (advertisement) on 2 September 2012.
  13. ^ Jack Hertz (2 November 2010). . Synth Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. (See also EMS Dr Zinovieff's original Synthi A (Sphere item # 8024) at VEMIA)
  14. ^ . Vintage Electronic Musical Instrument Auction (VEMIA). Sphere France sarl. 22 April 2011. Sphere item # 8433. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. (See also other EMS exhibits at VEMIA)
  15. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  16. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  17. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  18. ^ . AudioVisualizers.com Inc. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2015. This page is based upon an article by David Kirk, for FOCUS magazine, although it has be [sic] heavily modified. (see also . Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2015.)
  19. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  20. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  21. ^ Hinton 2001, .
  22. ^ Hinton 2001, .

Further reading edit

  • Trevor Pinch; Frank Trocco (2004). Analog Days. Harvard University Press, 2004, 368pp. ISBN 0-674-01617-3. (Chapter 14 details EMS.)
  • "All About EMS: Part 1". Sound on Sound (November 2000).
  • . Sound on Sound (December 2000). Archived from the original on 8 September 2011.
  • Mark Vail (2000). Vintage Synthesizers (2nd ed.). Backbeat Books, 2000, 339pp. ISBN 978-0-87930-603-8. (Pages 110-114 British Modular Systems).
  • Peter Forrest (1998). The A-Z of Analogue Synthesisers. Vol. Part One A-M (revised 2nd ed.). Susurreal, Oct 1998, 320pp. ISBN 0-9524377-2-4. (Pages 111-126 EMS).

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd..
  • "Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd".
  • "EMS Rehberg".
  • . Archived from the original on 19 April 2014.
  • Dr. Peter Zinovieff. "7 Deadly Synths". Lecture for the Red Bull Music Academy, London 2010.
  • David Cockerell Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2008)

April 27, 2024
electronic, music, studios, synthesizer, company, formed, putney, london, 1969, peter, zinovieff, tristram, cary, david, cockerell, based, ladock, cornwall, contents, founders, synthi, synthi, synthi, synthi, music, media, timeline, major, products, references. Electronic Music Studios EMS is a synthesizer company formed in Putney London in 1969 by Peter Zinovieff Tristram Cary and David Cockerell It is now based in Ladock Cornwall Contents 1 Founders 2 VCS 3 3 Synthi 100 4 Synthi A Synthi AK Synthi AKS 5 In music and the media 6 Timeline of major products 7 References 7 1 Bibliography 7 2 Footnotes 8 Further reading 9 External linksFounders editThe founding partners had wide experience in both electronics and music Cockerell who was EMS main equipment designer in its early years was an electronics engineer and computer programmer In the mid 1960s Zinovieff had formed the electronic music group Unit Delta Plus with Delia Derbyshire and Brian Hodgson of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Cary was a noted composer and a pioneer in electronic music he was one of the first people in the UK to work in the musique concrete field and built one of the country s first electronic music studios he also worked widely in film and TV composing scores for numerous Ealing Studios and Hammer Films productions and he is well known for his work on the BBC s Doctor Who notably on the classic serial The Daleks VCS 3 editMain article EMS VCS 3 nbsp Front view of the Synthi VCS 3 II top left three main oscillators noise generator and inputs top right filter oscillator envelope reverb ring mod etc bottom left matrix plugboard bottom right joystick DK1 keyboard not shown The company s first commercial synthesiser the VCS 3 designed by David Cockerell was introduced in 1969 1 It was developed in the basement of Zinovieff s house and was nicknamed The Putney after the London suburb where he was living at the time 2 EMS original aim was to create a versatile monophonic synthesiser that would retail for just 100 While this proved unattainable in practice the company nevertheless succeeded in manufacturing and selling the VCS3 for just 330 less than its nearest American competitor the Minimoog which originally retailed for US 1495 when released in 1970 and far cheaper than Moog s modular systems which cost thousands of dollars EMS also released the DK1 a velocity sensitive dynamic monophonic keyboard controller for use with VCS3 this included an extra VCO and VCA and retailed for 145 3 4 5 The DK1 was nicknamed The Cricklewood after the London suburb where Cockerell lived EMS used to have a R amp D department based over a DIY shop in Cricklewood Lane Cricklewood London so that could have influenced the name of the mechanical keyboard It is not widely known that EMS electronic equipment was mostly made by another company Hilton Electronics based in Wareham Dorset citation needed The VCS3 consisted of 3 voltage controlled oscillators VCOs a noise generator two input amplifiers ring modulator voltage controlled low pass filter trapezoid envelope generator voltage controlled reverberation level meter two output amplifiers thus providing a stereo output and a joystick providing X and Y modulation control nbsp Matrix plugboard on Synthi VCS 3 II A distinctive design feature of the VCS3 and later EMS systems was that rather than using patch cords to route audio and control signals between modules Cockerell employed a small matrix plugboard patchboard into which the user stuck special conductive pins that connected an input listed on the X axis of the matrix to an output on the Y axis This matrix plugboard gave the VCS3 a high degree of inter connectivity comparable to that of much larger modular systems and far greater than similar small synthesisers like the Minimoog It was also much easier to examine than the tangle of patch cords used to interconnect other modular systems of the day such as the Moog modular synthesizer and was many times smaller than the cumbersome Moog patch bays which used patch cord leads capped with 1 4 inch phone jacks A live performance version the VCS4 was built later the same year but was never put into production It comprised two VCS3s side by side with a keyboard mixer and signal processing in front all in a single wooden cabinet Although EMS lost track of the instrument in 1983 it survived and in the United States 6 until 2019 when musician Simon Desorgher sold it to the Goldsmiths College University of London Electronic Music Studios 7 The company s next project the Synthi KB1 1970 designed by Cockerell also never went into production It featured the same synthesis modules as the VCS3 but housed in a horizontal box casing with a 29 note mini keyboard controller and two small built in speakers Only one prototype unit was built and this was subsequently sold to the progressive rock group Yes 8 Synthi 100 edit nbsp EMS Synthi 100 Main article EMS Synthi 100 EMS moved into direct competition with Moog in 1971 with the development of its first large scale modular synthesiser the Synthi 100 which originally retailed for 6 500 This unit was first known as the Digitana another was later dubbed The Delaware after Delaware Rd Maida Vale the location of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Mounted in a free standing console cabinet the Synthi 100 was the third development level of the original VCS3 being in essence 28 VCS3 units by circuit board count It was driven by twelve VCOs and eight VCF oscillators Featured a built in oscilloscope two 60 x 60 patchbays two joystick controllers dual five octave velocity sensitive keyboard controllers and a 10 000 clock event with 6x6bit D A outputs e g 256 duophonic events 512 CV events digital sequencer About 30 units were built by EMS and these enjoyed wide use in the 1970s and beyond one model was sold to the BBC Radiophonic Workshop and was used extensively on BBC productions including Doctor Who Blake s 7 and the original radio version of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy The sequencer module of the Synthi 100 was also made available as a separate unit the Synthi Sequencer 256 which originally sold for 1 100 9 Synthi A Synthi AK Synthi AKS edit nbsp A later model Synthi AKS equips built in KS Sequencer with capacitive keyboard nbsp The prototype Portabella Synthi A with built in speakers nbsp Synthi A with DK series keyboard 4 5 Main articles EMS Synthi A and EMS Synthi AKS In 1971 EMS released a portable version of the VCS3 the EMS Synthi A originally called the Portabella a pun on London s Portobello Road Built into a compact Spartanite attache case this unit was even cheaper than the original VCS3 and retailed for just 198 The following year EMS released an expanded version the Synthi AKS which retailed for 420 and featured a sequencer and a small keyboard built into the lid The first 30 AK units featured a black and silver touch pad a Spin and touch random note selector and a resistive touch sensitive keyboard these original keyboards proved difficult to use so they were subsequently replaced with blue capacitive touch sensitive keyboard with integrated sequencer and became known as the KS version 10 The Synthi AKS proved very popular and AKS units owned by Eno Pink Floyd and Jean Michel Jarre featured prominently in music by these artists in the early 1970s one of the best known appearances of an AKS on record is the track On the Run from Pink Floyd s The Dark Side of the Moon 1973 and it can be seen being used by Roger Waters and David Gilmour during the recording of the album in footage included in the 1st Director s Cut of Live at Pompeii and in the DSOTM episode of the BBC documentary series Classic Albums respectively Gilmour used his to demonstrate the sequence used in the song In music and the media edit nbsp Dick Mills BBC Radiophonic Workshop at the Roundhouse EMS synthesisers and their London studios were used by many prominent rock and electronic artists including Pink Floyd Meddle Obscured by Clouds The Dark Side of the Moon Wish You Were Here Animals The Wall The Who Won t Get Fooled Again BBC Radiophonic Workshop Brian Eno and Roxy Music Tangerine Dream all early albums Hawkwind Tim Blake Jean Michel Jarre and Kraftwerk and David Vorhaus White Noise 2 As noted above the Synthi 100 Delaware owned by the Radiophonic Workshop was used extensively for BBC radio and television productions in the 1970s nbsp EMS Synthi Hi Fli 1973 one of the earliest analog multi effect processors nbsp The Groundhogs Tony McPhee using the Synthi Hi Fli live in 1974 nbsp David Gilmour s EMS Synthi Hi Fli aka The Sound Freak purchased 1972 used on The Dark Side of the Moon The EMS Synthi Hi Fli analog multi effect processor was used extensively by Tony TS Mcphee of The Groundhogs and was used on the album SOLID in 1974 Footage exists of them live at the Marquee Club in London and it is clearly visible on its stand on stage This footage was broadcast on The Old Grey Whistle Test in 1974 11 In late 2010 Zinovieff put his original Synthi A synthesiser serial number 4016 up for sale This instrument which he believes was the one featured in the Every Picnic Needs a Synthi press advertisement 12 was fully restored by Robin Wood at EMS 13 EMS equipment can be seen in the 1978 British horror film The Shout starring Alan Bates John Hurt and Susannah York the equipment featured includes a Synthi Sequencer 256 a Vocoder 2000 and a VCS3 the film is available on DVD Network 79527630 the equipment was loaned to The Rank Organisation by Dartington College in Devon and the featured Synthi Sequencer 256 was recently sold on the Vintage Electronic Musical Instrument Auction VEMIA 14 website in April 2011 Timeline of major products edit nbsp EMS Synthi Sequencer 256 1971 panel nbsp EMS Spectron 1974 video synthesized image nbsp EMS Synthi E synthesizer 1975 nbsp EMS Vocoder 5000 1976 1969 EMS VCS 3 1971 EMS Synthi A 1971 EMS Synthi AK 1971 EMS Synthi 100 1971 EMS Synthi Sequencer 256 digital sequencer 15 1972 EMS Synthi AKS 1973 EMS Synthi Hi Fli multi effect 16 1974 EMS Spectron video synthesizer formerly Spectre 17 18 1975 EMS Synthi E 19 1976 EMS Vocoder 5000 20 1977 EMS Vocoder 2000 21 1978 EMS PolySynthi polyphonic synthesizer 22 References editBibliography edit nbsp EMS MUSYS 3 1970 system diagram Hinton Graham 27 December 2002 EMS The Inside Story Cornwall Electronic Music Studios Archived from the original on 21 May 2013 Inside story about the beginnings of EMS studios non commercial equipment people and users Hinton Graham 17 June 2001 A Guide to the EMS Product Range 1969 to 1979 Cornwall Electronic Music Studios Archived from the original on 31 October 2013 MUSYS musicainformatica org musicainformatica it 16 May 2014 figure 2 A summary that shows the position of the two PDP computers within the MUSYS system and all the devices connected to them figure2 Grogono Peter 1973 MUSYS Software for an electronic music studio Software Practice and Experience 3 4 369 383 doi 10 1002 spe 4380030410 S2CID 206507040 Cockerell David 1 October 2013 Interview David Cockerell These Hopeful Machines Radio New Zealand Q Chronometer 3 as I understand it the sounds of the clock mechanisms and all the rest of it were effectively sampled by an ADC stored and manipulated by the computer and then spat out again What was the breakthrough A Peter kept buying the latest computers that came out and of course the memory increased Then I built him a hard disc recorder so that one could store some of the sounds on this hard disc as a corner of radio program Sound Lounge Footnotes edit Hinton 2001 VCS3 1969 a k a The Putney Computer Orchestra 1968 video British Pathe 15 September 1968 Media URN 56894 Film ID 2071 30 Canister 68 75 Sort Number 68 075 Hinton 2001 DK1 1969 a k a The Cricklewood a b EMS VCS3 and DK1 Cricklewood Keyboard Synthfind com photographs 26 May 2009 a b EMS SYNTHI DK 2 Duo phonic 37 note Keyboard Pictures of DK2 Serial No 2402 Derek Revell s Website photographs Archived from the original on 28 April 2010 moved from www derekrevell co uk duophonic version of DK1 released in 1971 Hinton 2001 VCS4 1969 There Was A VCS4 After All Spend A Day With It Sonic State 2 March 2020 Retrieved 21 April 2020 Hinton 2001 Synthi KB1 1970 Hinton 2001 Synthi 100 1971 formerly Digitana a k a the Delaware Hinton 2001 Synthi AKS 1972 Groundhogs Light My Light 1974 video Archived from the original on 5 December 2013 Hinton Graham 8 August 1998 Every Advert Needs A Synthi Cornwall Electronic Music Studios Archived from the original advertisement on 2 September 2012 Jack Hertz 2 November 2010 EMS s Dr Zinovieff s Original Synthi A For Sale Synth Magazine Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 See also EMS Dr Zinovieff s original Synthi A Sphere item 8024 at VEMIA EMS Sequencer 256 Serial Number 6004 Vintage Electronic Musical Instrument Auction VEMIA Sphere France sarl 22 April 2011 Sphere item 8433 Archived from the original on 8 August 2014 See also other EMS exhibits at VEMIA Hinton 2001 Synthi Sequencer 256 1971 formerly Synthi Moog Sequencer Hinton 2001 Synthi Hi Fli 1973 formerly Sound Freak Hinton 2001 Spectron 1974 formerly Spectre SPECTRE Color Video Synthesizer AudioVisualizers com Inc Archived from the original on 5 February 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2015 This page is based upon an article by David Kirk for FOCUS magazine although it has be sic heavily modified see also EMS SPECTRE User Manual Archived from the original on 5 February 2019 Retrieved 14 March 2015 Hinton 2001 Synthi E 1975 Hinton 2001 Vocoder 5000 1976 a k a Studio Vocoder Hinton 2001 Vocoder 2000 1977 Hinton 2001 PolySynthi 1978 Further reading editTrevor Pinch Frank Trocco 2004 Analog Days Harvard University Press 2004 368pp ISBN 0 674 01617 3 Chapter 14 details EMS All About EMS Part 1 Sound on Sound November 2000 All About EMS Part 2 Sound on Sound December 2000 Archived from the original on 8 September 2011 Mark Vail 2000 Vintage Synthesizers 2nd ed Backbeat Books 2000 339pp ISBN 978 0 87930 603 8 Pages 110 114 British Modular Systems Peter Forrest 1998 The A Z of Analogue Synthesisers Vol Part One A M revised 2nd ed Susurreal Oct 1998 320pp ISBN 0 9524377 2 4 Pages 111 126 EMS External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electronic Music Studios London Ltd Electronic Music Studios London Ltd EMS Rehberg info on EMS VCS3 AKS etc Archived from the original on 19 April 2014 Dr Peter Zinovieff 7 Deadly Synths Lecture for the Red Bull Music Academy London 2010 David Cockerell Interview NAMM Oral History Library 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Electronic Music Studios amp oldid 1172004380, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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