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El Hadj Ag Gamou

April 15, 2024

El Hadj Ag Gamou, born December 31, 1964, in Tidermène, Mali, is an Imghad Tuareg Malian division general. Gamou is currently the governor of Kidal Region since November 22, 2023, and has also been the head of his faction of Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies since the group's foundation.[1] Prior to his governorship, Gamou served in the Malian army, commanding Malian troops against Ansar Dine and the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) in the early stages of the Mali War.

El Hadj Ag Gamou
BornDecember 31, 1964
Tidermène, Mali
Allegiance Libya (1980-1988)
Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad (1990-1995)
Mali (1996-present)
GATIA (2014-present)
RankBrigadier general
Inspector General of the Malian Army (2019-2021)
Governor of Kidal Region (2023-present)
Battles/warsLebanese Civil War
Toyota War
Tuareg rebellion (1990-1996)
Sierra Leonean Civil War
Tuareg rebellion (2007-2009)
  • Operation Djiguitugu

Mali War

Early life and combat edit

Gamou was born to a family of shepherds in Tidermene, Ménaka Region, Mali. He is an Imghad Tuareg, which is considered a vassal tribe according to traditional Tuareg hierarchies.[2] In 1980, at the age of 16, Gamou joined the Libyan Army's Islamic Legion, where he met Iyad Ag Ghaly.[3] After a year of training in Libya, and a subsequent six-month stint in Syria with special forces, Gamou served in the Lebanese Civil War alongside the Palestinians.[3] He then returned to Libya after a few years of fighting, before taking part in the Toyota War.[4]

Gamou returned to Mali in 1988. During the Tuareg rebellion of 1990–1996, Gamou fought in the separatist Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad.[3] He fell out with Iyad Ag Ghaly in 1994, who was then leading the People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MPA). Gamou's first wife then remarried Ghaly, but this was likely because of personal rivalries and ambitions.[3][4] Gamou abducted Intallah Ag Attaher, the amenokal of the Ifoghas Tuaregs, of which Ghaly belonged to.[4][3] While Attaher was later released, Ifoghas leaders held a grudge against Gamou.[4]

Rise to power in the Malian Army edit

Satisfied with the peace accords that ended the Tuareg rebellion in 1996, Gamou joined the Malian Armed Forces later that year. He trained at the Koulikoro military school, and upon his release was assigned to Ségou Region as a staff officer.[5] Gamou served as a UNAMSIL peacekeeper in 1999 during the Sierra Leone Civil War. When he returned to Mali in 2000, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and awarded the military valor medal.[5] He was assigned to Gao in 2001, and later Kidal in 2005.[3]

During Gamou's tenure in Kidal, the Niger-Mali Tuareg Alliance led by Ibrahim Ag Bahanga rose up. Gamou led Operation Djiguitugu, which destroyed several ATNM bases.[6][7] Around this time, Gamou was considered a trusted confidant of Malian president Amadou Toumani Touré, being appointed deputy chief of staff in 2010. Gamou encouraged Toure to appoint Arabs and Tuaregs to military positions in northern Mali.[1]

Gamou was accused of protecting Baba Ould Cheikh, a Lemhar Arab trader and mayor of Tarkint who participated in the "Air Cocaine" scandal, which occurred when a Boeing 727 filled with cocaine arrived in Gao from Venezuela.[8][9] Gamou's protection of Cheikh sparked protests from Gao residents in 2012. In 2015, Gamou's daughter married Cherif Ould Taher, another Lemhar Arab affiliated with the Air Cocaine scandal.[10][11]

Tuareg rebellion of 2012 edit

In 2011, during the Libyan civil war, 2,000 to 4,000 Tuaregs serving in the Libyan Army returned to Mali. Toure instructed Gamou to entice the returning Tuaregs into the Malian Army, which had partial success, as some Tuaregs joined what would soon become the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad.[12][13]

At the time of the rebellion, Gamou was a colonel-major commanding over Kidal Region. At the Battle of Aguelhok on January 17, the entire Malian Army garrison massacred by the separatists. Gamou led reinforcements from Kidal to recapture the town the following day, at which point the rebels had already abandoned.[14] Gamou attempted to break the siege of Tessalit in early February, but failed. When heading back to Kidal on February 11, Gamou was ambushed at Tissalane. Both sides claimed victory.[15][16] Tessalit fell to the rebel coalition a month later.

At the end of March 2012, when Kidal was attacked by the rebels, Gamou and his contingent of 500-600 men abandoned the city and retreated south.[17] While headed towards Gao, which had come under attack by rebels on March 31, Gamou was intercepted by the MNLA. He agreed to join the MNLA, but refused to allow 204 of his men to be conscripted into the MNLA. Instead of jointing, Gamou fled towards Niger, where he called the Malian consulate in Niger to ask for reinforcements to repatriate his men via Burkina Faso.[18] Gamou then fled his family to Niger, and informed the Malian government his intent to join the MNLA was instead a ruse to flee, reaffirming his commitment to the Malian state.[19]

On December 2, 2012, Gamou was the target of an assassination attempt in Niamey by a young jihadist. Three or four bullets were fired, two wounding Gamou in the thigh and one ricocheting off his phone. The suspect, who later announced his affiliation with Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) was overpowered by Gamou, his bodyguard, and driver.[20]

2013 Malian counteroffensive and Battles of Kidal edit

Gamou remained in Niger for 10 months, returning in January 2013 during Operation Serval. His militia of 700 Tuaregs, 500 of whom were Imghad Tuaregs, were gradually integrated into the Malian Army.[3] Gamou captured Ménaka bloodlessly on January 15, 2013.[21] In late January or early February, Gamou entered Gao, which had been captured by the French not long before.[3] Gamou and French troops recaptured Menaka on February 12, again without a fight, after the MNLA captured it on February 5.[22] Shortly afterward, the MNLA accused French troops of firing upon a convoy carrying Abdoul Karim Ag Matafa, the minister of health for the Transitional Council of the Azawad State. The group threatened to attack the French forces, but did not.[3]

Gamou engaged in direct combat with MUJAO during the Fourth Battle of Gao.[23] In late February 2013, nineteen men from Gamou's militia served as French guides during the Battle of Tigharghar.[24] He was recalled to Bamako that March over differences with French forces over the role of the MNLA.[25] In September, Gamou captured Anefif alongside Malian army general Didier Dacko.[11] He was promoted to brigadier general on September 18.[26]

On the night between November 18 and 19, two members of Gamou's family were murdered and two more were injured in the village of Intakabar. Gamou, who was in Bamako at the time, asserted that the perpetrators were Fulani from MUJAO.[27]

Between May 17 and 21, 2014, Gamou commanded Malian forces during the second and third battles of Kidal. Faisal Ag Kiba, Gamou's right-hand man, was killed in the third battle on May 21.[28]

Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (GATIA) edit

In August 2014, Gamou founded GATIA, a pro-government Imghad Tuareg militia. Gamou did not officially sponsor the militia, however, due to his role in the Malian Army.[29][30] Several prominent members of the Malian army criticized Gamou for this, claiming he went off his own interests. Malian president Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta did not fully trust Gamou, but tolerated him due to support from Dacko, who was chief of staff.[11]

GATIA and the Coordination of Azawad Movements fought in Kidal in late 2015, before signing the Algiers Accords in October 2015.[31] In 2016, the CMA allowed GATIA and Gamou to enter Kidal, establishing a presence in Takellote.[32] Clashes soon broke out in the city between the Imghads of GATIA and the Ifoghas of the High Council for the Unity of Azawad.[33] Following the battle, Gamou was forced out of the city.[33]

Following a counteroffensive against the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara in 2017 by the French Army, Malian Army, GATIA, and the Movement for the Salvation of Azawad, ISGS caliph Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi threatened Gamou, Moussa Ag Acharatoumane, and the Idaksahak and Imghad Tuaregs.[34]

Gamou was appointed Inspector General of the Malian Army in February 2019, but was removed by Assimi Goïta in 2021.[35] Gamou was seriously injured in the arm in an ISGS ambush during the Battle of Andéramboukane.[35]

During a Malian army counteroffensive against the Coordination of Azawad Movements and CSP-PSD, Gamou assisted in capturing Kidal.[36] He was subsequently appointed governor of the region on November 22, 2023.[36]

External links edit

  • Mali: Gamou, la revanche dans la peau - Jeune Afrique
  • EXCLUSIF : à Gao, avec le colonel major touareg El Hadj Ag Gamou - France24
  • Mali: Le colonel Touareg El Hadji Ag Gamou

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Mali: Gamou, a general as uncontrollable as he is indispensable". The Africa Report.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  2. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | GATIA: A Profile of Northern Mali's Pro-Government Tuareg and Arab Militia". Refworld. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Mali : Gamou, la revanche dans la peau – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  4. ^ a b c d Macé, Célian. "A Kidal, la lutte fratricide des Touaregs du Mali". Libération (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  5. ^ a b Sylla, C.H. (August 6, 2006). . Afribone. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  6. ^ "Offensive tous azimuts contre Bahanga à Kidal : 20 bandits armés tués, 25 prisonniers dont 15 blessés". malijet.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  7. ^ "Mali: la principale base du rebelle Ibrahim Ag Bahanga "détruite"". malijet.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  8. ^ "Air Cocaine » refait surface : Le «service de sécurité malienne » accuse Ould Medou, Colonel Gamou et Sadou Diallo Et pourtant, d'autres suspects ont été libérés après le 22 mars 2012". Maliactu. February 12, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
  9. ^ "Mali: la guerre de la cocaïne". L'Express (in French). 2013-03-21. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  10. ^ Perilous Desert: Insecurity in the Sahara. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 2013. doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wpjcm. ISBN 978-0-87003-404-6. JSTOR j.ctt6wpjcm. S2CID 249721837.
  11. ^ a b c "Mali : à quoi joue le général Gamou ? – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  12. ^ "Nord-Mali : qui sont les rebelles du MNLA ? – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  13. ^ "Rébellion au Nord-Mali : ces " Touaregs de Kadhafi " qui soutiennent Bamako – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  14. ^ "Nord-Mali : l'armée découvre les corps d'une quarantaine de militaires à Aguelhok – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  15. ^ "Nord-Mali : à Tessalit, l'armée frappe un grand coup contre les rebelles du MNLA – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  16. ^ "Nord-Mali : à Tessalit, l'armée frappe un grand coup contre les rebelles du MNLA". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  17. ^ . 2012-05-05. Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  18. ^ "EXCLUSIF : à Gao, avec le colonel major touareg El Hadj Ag Gamou". France 24 (in French). 2013-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  19. ^ "Mali : comment Ag Gamou a échappé au MNLA et à Ansar Eddine – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  20. ^ "Mali : El Hadj Ag Gamou échappe à une " tentative d'assassinat " à Niamey – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  21. ^ Matin, Le (2013-01-17). "Avec ses 500 éléments : Le colonel Gamou marche vers Ménaka | maliweb.net" (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  22. ^ "Mali : Ménaka sous contrôle de l'armée malienne après le départ du MNLA". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2013-02-12. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  23. ^ "Nord-Mali : les islamistes reprennent les armes à Gao". L'Humanité (in French). 2013-02-22. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  24. ^ "Ce vendredi dans l'Humanité : le Mali s'interroge sur les buts de la France". L'Humanité (in French). 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  25. ^ "Mali : le colonel-major Ag Gamou rappelé à Bamako – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  26. ^ "Le colonel El Hadji Ag Gamou promu general". Bamada. September 18, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
  27. ^ "Mali: au moins deux membres de la famille du général Ag Gamou tués". RFI (in French). 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  28. ^ "Décès du colonel Fayçal Ag Kiba (bras droit du général El Hadj Ag Gamou) dans les combats à kidal". Maliactu. May 21, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
  29. ^ "Nord du Mali : le Gatia, une milice loyaliste qui veut monter… jusqu'à Alger – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  30. ^ "Mali: le général El Hadj Ag Gamou affirme appartenir au Gatia". RFI (in French). 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  31. ^ "Mali : des combattants loyalistes entrent sans heurts dans Kidal". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  32. ^ "Mali: des hommes d'un groupe pro-Bamako sont entrés dans Kidal". RFI (in French). 2016-02-02. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  33. ^ a b "Mali – Kidal : à quoi joue le général El Hadj Ag Gamou ? – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  34. ^ "Le chef jihadiste Al-Sahraoui accuse et menace deux communautés du Mali". RFI (in French). 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  35. ^ a b "Mali : Gamou, un général aussi incontrôlable qu'indispensable – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  36. ^ a b "Mali: le général El Hadj Ag Gamou nommé gouverneur de Kidal". RFI (in French). 2023-11-22. Retrieved 2023-11-27.

April 15, 2024
hadj, gamou, born, december, 1964, tidermène, mali, imghad, tuareg, malian, division, general, gamou, currently, governor, kidal, region, since, november, 2023, also, been, head, faction, imghad, tuareg, self, defense, group, allies, since, group, foundation, . El Hadj Ag Gamou born December 31 1964 in Tidermene Mali is an Imghad Tuareg Malian division general Gamou is currently the governor of Kidal Region since November 22 2023 and has also been the head of his faction of Imghad Tuareg Self Defense Group and Allies since the group s foundation 1 Prior to his governorship Gamou served in the Malian army commanding Malian troops against Ansar Dine and the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad MNLA in the early stages of the Mali War El Hadj Ag GamouBornDecember 31 1964Tidermene MaliAllegianceLibya 1980 1988 Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad 1990 1995 Mali 1996 present GATIA 2014 present RankBrigadier generalInspector General of the Malian Army 2019 2021 Governor of Kidal Region 2023 present Battles warsLebanese Civil WarToyota WarTuareg rebellion 1990 1996 Sierra Leonean Civil WarTuareg rebellion 2007 2009 Operation DjiguituguMali War Tinsalane ambush Battle of Kidal 2012 Second Battle of Anefif Second Battle of Kidal Fourth Battle of Gao Battle of Kidal 2016 Menaka offensive Battle of Anderamboukane 2022 Contents 1 Early life and combat 2 Rise to power in the Malian Army 3 Tuareg rebellion of 2012 4 2013 Malian counteroffensive and Battles of Kidal 5 Imghad Tuareg Self Defense Group and Allies GATIA 6 External links 7 ReferencesEarly life and combat editGamou was born to a family of shepherds in Tidermene Menaka Region Mali He is an Imghad Tuareg which is considered a vassal tribe according to traditional Tuareg hierarchies 2 In 1980 at the age of 16 Gamou joined the Libyan Army s Islamic Legion where he met Iyad Ag Ghaly 3 After a year of training in Libya and a subsequent six month stint in Syria with special forces Gamou served in the Lebanese Civil War alongside the Palestinians 3 He then returned to Libya after a few years of fighting before taking part in the Toyota War 4 Gamou returned to Mali in 1988 During the Tuareg rebellion of 1990 1996 Gamou fought in the separatist Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad 3 He fell out with Iyad Ag Ghaly in 1994 who was then leading the People s Movement for the Liberation of Azawad MPA Gamou s first wife then remarried Ghaly but this was likely because of personal rivalries and ambitions 3 4 Gamou abducted Intallah Ag Attaher the amenokal of the Ifoghas Tuaregs of which Ghaly belonged to 4 3 While Attaher was later released Ifoghas leaders held a grudge against Gamou 4 Rise to power in the Malian Army editSatisfied with the peace accords that ended the Tuareg rebellion in 1996 Gamou joined the Malian Armed Forces later that year He trained at the Koulikoro military school and upon his release was assigned to Segou Region as a staff officer 5 Gamou served as a UNAMSIL peacekeeper in 1999 during the Sierra Leone Civil War When he returned to Mali in 2000 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and awarded the military valor medal 5 He was assigned to Gao in 2001 and later Kidal in 2005 3 During Gamou s tenure in Kidal the Niger Mali Tuareg Alliance led by Ibrahim Ag Bahanga rose up Gamou led Operation Djiguitugu which destroyed several ATNM bases 6 7 Around this time Gamou was considered a trusted confidant of Malian president Amadou Toumani Toure being appointed deputy chief of staff in 2010 Gamou encouraged Toure to appoint Arabs and Tuaregs to military positions in northern Mali 1 Gamou was accused of protecting Baba Ould Cheikh a Lemhar Arab trader and mayor of Tarkint who participated in the Air Cocaine scandal which occurred when a Boeing 727 filled with cocaine arrived in Gao from Venezuela 8 9 Gamou s protection of Cheikh sparked protests from Gao residents in 2012 In 2015 Gamou s daughter married Cherif Ould Taher another Lemhar Arab affiliated with the Air Cocaine scandal 10 11 Tuareg rebellion of 2012 editIn 2011 during the Libyan civil war 2 000 to 4 000 Tuaregs serving in the Libyan Army returned to Mali Toure instructed Gamou to entice the returning Tuaregs into the Malian Army which had partial success as some Tuaregs joined what would soon become the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad 12 13 At the time of the rebellion Gamou was a colonel major commanding over Kidal Region At the Battle of Aguelhok on January 17 the entire Malian Army garrison massacred by the separatists Gamou led reinforcements from Kidal to recapture the town the following day at which point the rebels had already abandoned 14 Gamou attempted to break the siege of Tessalit in early February but failed When heading back to Kidal on February 11 Gamou was ambushed at Tissalane Both sides claimed victory 15 16 Tessalit fell to the rebel coalition a month later At the end of March 2012 when Kidal was attacked by the rebels Gamou and his contingent of 500 600 men abandoned the city and retreated south 17 While headed towards Gao which had come under attack by rebels on March 31 Gamou was intercepted by the MNLA He agreed to join the MNLA but refused to allow 204 of his men to be conscripted into the MNLA Instead of jointing Gamou fled towards Niger where he called the Malian consulate in Niger to ask for reinforcements to repatriate his men via Burkina Faso 18 Gamou then fled his family to Niger and informed the Malian government his intent to join the MNLA was instead a ruse to flee reaffirming his commitment to the Malian state 19 On December 2 2012 Gamou was the target of an assassination attempt in Niamey by a young jihadist Three or four bullets were fired two wounding Gamou in the thigh and one ricocheting off his phone The suspect who later announced his affiliation with Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM was overpowered by Gamou his bodyguard and driver 20 2013 Malian counteroffensive and Battles of Kidal editGamou remained in Niger for 10 months returning in January 2013 during Operation Serval His militia of 700 Tuaregs 500 of whom were Imghad Tuaregs were gradually integrated into the Malian Army 3 Gamou captured Menaka bloodlessly on January 15 2013 21 In late January or early February Gamou entered Gao which had been captured by the French not long before 3 Gamou and French troops recaptured Menaka on February 12 again without a fight after the MNLA captured it on February 5 22 Shortly afterward the MNLA accused French troops of firing upon a convoy carrying Abdoul Karim Ag Matafa the minister of health for the Transitional Council of the Azawad State The group threatened to attack the French forces but did not 3 Gamou engaged in direct combat with MUJAO during the Fourth Battle of Gao 23 In late February 2013 nineteen men from Gamou s militia served as French guides during the Battle of Tigharghar 24 He was recalled to Bamako that March over differences with French forces over the role of the MNLA 25 In September Gamou captured Anefif alongside Malian army general Didier Dacko 11 He was promoted to brigadier general on September 18 26 On the night between November 18 and 19 two members of Gamou s family were murdered and two more were injured in the village of Intakabar Gamou who was in Bamako at the time asserted that the perpetrators were Fulani from MUJAO 27 Between May 17 and 21 2014 Gamou commanded Malian forces during the second and third battles of Kidal Faisal Ag Kiba Gamou s right hand man was killed in the third battle on May 21 28 Imghad Tuareg Self Defense Group and Allies GATIA editIn August 2014 Gamou founded GATIA a pro government Imghad Tuareg militia Gamou did not officially sponsor the militia however due to his role in the Malian Army 29 30 Several prominent members of the Malian army criticized Gamou for this claiming he went off his own interests Malian president Ibrahim Boubacar Keita did not fully trust Gamou but tolerated him due to support from Dacko who was chief of staff 11 GATIA and the Coordination of Azawad Movements fought in Kidal in late 2015 before signing the Algiers Accords in October 2015 31 In 2016 the CMA allowed GATIA and Gamou to enter Kidal establishing a presence in Takellote 32 Clashes soon broke out in the city between the Imghads of GATIA and the Ifoghas of the High Council for the Unity of Azawad 33 Following the battle Gamou was forced out of the city 33 Following a counteroffensive against the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara in 2017 by the French Army Malian Army GATIA and the Movement for the Salvation of Azawad ISGS caliph Adnan Abu Walid al Sahrawi threatened Gamou Moussa Ag Acharatoumane and the Idaksahak and Imghad Tuaregs 34 Gamou was appointed Inspector General of the Malian Army in February 2019 but was removed by Assimi Goita in 2021 35 Gamou was seriously injured in the arm in an ISGS ambush during the Battle of Anderamboukane 35 During a Malian army counteroffensive against the Coordination of Azawad Movements and CSP PSD Gamou assisted in capturing Kidal 36 He was subsequently appointed governor of the region on November 22 2023 36 External links editMali Gamou la revanche dans la peau Jeune Afrique EXCLUSIF a Gao avec le colonel major touareg El Hadj Ag Gamou France24 Mali Le colonel Touareg El Hadji Ag GamouReferences edit a b Mali Gamou a general as uncontrollable as he is indispensable The Africa Report com Retrieved 2023 11 27 Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for Refworld GATIA A Profile of Northern Mali s Pro Government Tuareg and Arab Militia Refworld Retrieved 2023 11 27 a b c d e f g h i Mali Gamou la revanche dans la peau Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 a b c d Mace Celian A Kidal la lutte fratricide des Touaregs du Mali Liberation in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 a b Sylla C H August 6 2006 El Hadj Ag Gamou patriote dans l ame Afribone Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved November 7 2023 Offensive tous azimuts contre Bahanga a Kidal 20 bandits armes tues 25 prisonniers dont 15 blesses malijet com Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali la principale base du rebelle Ibrahim Ag Bahanga detruite malijet com Retrieved 2023 11 27 Air Cocaine refait surface Le service de securite malienne accuse Ould Medou Colonel Gamou et Sadou Diallo Et pourtant d autres suspects ont ete liberes apres le 22 mars 2012 Maliactu February 12 2013 Retrieved November 27 2023 Mali la guerre de la cocaine L Express in French 2013 03 21 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Perilous Desert Insecurity in the Sahara Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2013 doi 10 2307 j ctt6wpjcm ISBN 978 0 87003 404 6 JSTOR j ctt6wpjcm S2CID 249721837 a b c Mali a quoi joue le general Gamou Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Nord Mali qui sont les rebelles du MNLA Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Rebellion au Nord Mali ces Touaregs de Kadhafi qui soutiennent Bamako Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Nord Mali l armee decouvre les corps d une quarantaine de militaires a Aguelhok Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Nord Mali a Tessalit l armee frappe un grand coup contre les rebelles du MNLA Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Nord Mali a Tessalit l armee frappe un grand coup contre les rebelles du MNLA JeuneAfrique com in French 2012 02 15 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Colonel Alhaji Ag Gamou Les raisons d une desertion maliweb net 2012 05 05 Archived from the original on 2012 05 05 Retrieved 2023 11 27 EXCLUSIF a Gao avec le colonel major touareg El Hadj Ag Gamou France 24 in French 2013 02 03 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali comment Ag Gamou a echappe au MNLA et a Ansar Eddine Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali El Hadj Ag Gamou echappe a une tentative d assassinat a Niamey Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Matin Le 2013 01 17 Avec ses 500 elements Le colonel Gamou marche vers Menaka maliweb net in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali Menaka sous controle de l armee malienne apres le depart du MNLA Le Monde fr in French 2013 02 12 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Nord Mali les islamistes reprennent les armes a Gao L Humanite in French 2013 02 22 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Ce vendredi dans l Humanite le Mali s interroge sur les buts de la France L Humanite in French 2013 03 01 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali le colonel major Ag Gamou rappele a Bamako Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Le colonel El Hadji Ag Gamou promu general Bamada September 18 2013 Retrieved November 27 2023 Mali au moins deux membres de la famille du general Ag Gamou tues RFI in French 2013 11 21 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Deces du colonel Faycal Ag Kiba bras droit du general El Hadj Ag Gamou dans les combats a kidal Maliactu May 21 2014 Retrieved November 27 2023 Nord du Mali le Gatia une milice loyaliste qui veut monter jusqu a Alger Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali le general El Hadj Ag Gamou affirme appartenir au Gatia RFI in French 2016 09 23 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali des combattants loyalistes entrent sans heurts dans Kidal Le Monde fr in French 2016 02 03 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Mali des hommes d un groupe pro Bamako sont entres dans Kidal RFI in French 2016 02 02 Retrieved 2023 11 27 a b Mali Kidal a quoi joue le general El Hadj Ag Gamou Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 Le chef jihadiste Al Sahraoui accuse et menace deux communautes du Mali RFI in French 2017 06 27 Retrieved 2023 11 27 a b Mali Gamou un general aussi incontrolable qu indispensable Jeune Afrique JeuneAfrique com in French Retrieved 2023 11 27 a b Mali le general El Hadj Ag Gamou nomme gouverneur de Kidal RFI in French 2023 11 22 Retrieved 2023 11 27 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title El Hadj Ag Gamou amp oldid 1189965940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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