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Eikþyrnir

December 28, 2022

Eikþyrnir (Old Norse: [ˈɛikˌθyrnez̠], "oak-thorny")[1] or Eikthyrnir, is a stag which stands upon Valhalla in Norse mythology. The following is related in the Gylfaginning section of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda after the description of Heiðrún.

Eikþyrnir and Heiðrún have fun on top of Valhalla in this illustration from a 17th-century Icelandic manuscript.

Enn er meira mark at of hjörtinn Eirþyrni, [sic][2] er stendr á Valhöll ok bítr af limum þess trés, en af hornum <hans> verðr svá mikill dropi at niðr kemr í Hvergelmi, en þaðan af falla ár þær er svá heita: Síð, Víð, Sekin, Ekin, Svöl, Gunnþró, Fjörm, Fimbulþul, Gipul, Göpul, Gömul, Geirvimul, þessar falla um ásabygðir. Þessar eru enn nefndar: Þyn, Vin, Þöll, Böll, Gráð, Gunnþráin, Nyt, Nöt, Nönn, Hrönn, Vína, Veg, Svinn, Þjóðnuma. — (ch. 39; )

Even more worthy of note is the hart Eikthyrni, which stands in Valhall and bites from the limbs of the tree; and from his horns distils such abundant exudation that it comes down into Hvergelmir, and from thence fall those rivers called thus: Síd, Víd, Søkin, Eikin, Svöl, Gunnthrá, Fjörm, Fimbulthul, Gípul, Göpul, Gömul, Geirvimul. Those fall about the abodes of the Æsir; these also are recorded: Thyn, Vín, Thöll, Höll, Grád, Gunnthráin, Nyt, Nöt, Nönn, Hrönn, Vína, Vegsvinn, Thjódnuma. — Brodeur's translation

Brodeur follows the text of the T manuscript of the Prose Edda in putting the stag í Valhöll, "in Valhall", rather than á Valhöll, "upon Valhall", as the other manuscripts do. The more recent translation by Anthony Faulkes puts the stag on top of the building, which seems much more natural from the context and weight of the evidence.

Snorri's source for this information was almost certainly Grímnismál, where the following strophes are found.

Eikþyrnir heitir hiörtr,
er stendr á höllo Heriaföðrs
ok bítr af Læraðs limom;
en af hans hornom
drýpr i Hvergelmi,
þaðan eigo vötn öll vega:
Síð ok Víð,
Sækin ok Eikin,
Svöl ok Gunnþró,
Fiörm ok Fimbulþul,
Rín ok Rennandi,
Gipul ok Göpul,
Gömul ok Geirvimul,
þær hverfa um hodd goða,
Þyn ok Vin,
Þöll ok Höll,
Gráð ok Gunnþorin.
Vína heitir enn,
önnor Vegsvinn,
þriðia Þióðnuma,
Nyt ok Nöt,
Nönn ok Hrönn,
Slíð ok Hrið,
Sylgr ok Ylgr,
Víð ok Ván,
Vönd ok Strönd,
Giöll ok Leiptr,
þær falla gumnom nær,
en falla til heilar heðan. — Jón Helgason's edition
Eikthyrnir the hart is called,
that stands o’er Odin’s hall,
and bits from Lærad’s branches;
from his horns fall
drops into Hvergelmir,
whence all waters rise:-
Sid and Vid,
Soekin and Eikin,
Svöl and Gunntro,
Fiörm and Fimbulthul,
Rin and Rennandi,
Gipul and Göpul,
Gömul and Geirvimul:
they round the gods’ dwellings wind.
Thyn and Vin,
Thöll and Höll,
Grad and Gunnthorin.
Vina one is called,
a second Vegsvin,
a third Thiodnuma;
Nyt and Nöt,
Nön and Hrön,
Slid and Hrid,
Sylg and Ylg,
Vid and Van,
Vönd and Strönd,
Giöll and Leipt;
these (two) fall near to men,
but fall hence to Hel. — Thorpe's translation

Etymology

The etymology of Eikþyrnir remains debatable. Anatoly Liberman suggests that Heiðþyrnir, the name of the lowest heaven in Scandinavian mythology (from heið "bright sky"), was cut into two, and on the basis of those halves the names of the heavenly stag Eikþyrnir and the heavenly goat Heiðrún were formed. The origin of -þyrnir is not entirely clear, but the associations with thorns is, most probably, due to folk etymology.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ Orchard (1997:36).
  2. ^ variants: Eirþyrni [R], Eikþyrni [W], Eikþyrra [T], Takþyrni [U]
  3. ^ Liberman (2016:345–346).

References

  • Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist (transl.) (1916). The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation. Available online at Google Books.
  • Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.). Snorra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning : Textar fjögurra meginhandrita. 2005.
  • Faulkes' translation of the Prose Edda.
  • Helgason, Jón. (ed.) (1955). Eddadigte (3 vols). København: Munksgaard. Text of Grímnismál available online at: http://www.snerpa.is/net/kvaedi/grimnir.htm
  • Liberman, Anatoly (2016). In Prayer and Laughter. Essays on Medieval Scandinavian and Germanic Mythology, Literature, and Culture. Paleograph Press. ISBN 9785895260272.
  • Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2
  • Thorpe, Benjamin (tr.) (1866). Edda Sæmundar Hinns Froða : The Edda Of Sæmund The Learned. (2 vols.) London: Trübner & Co.

December 28, 2022
eikþyrnir, norse, ˈɛikˌθyrnez, thorny, eikthyrnir, stag, which, stands, upon, valhalla, norse, mythology, following, related, gylfaginning, section, snorri, sturluson, prose, edda, after, description, heiðrún, heiðrún, have, valhalla, this, illustration, from,. Eikthyrnir Old Norse ˈɛikˌ8yrnez oak thorny 1 or Eikthyrnir is a stag which stands upon Valhalla in Norse mythology The following is related in the Gylfaginning section of Snorri Sturluson s Prose Edda after the description of Heidrun Eikthyrnir and Heidrun have fun on top of Valhalla in this illustration from a 17th century Icelandic manuscript Enn er meira mark at of hjortinn Eirthyrni sic 2 er stendr a Valholl ok bitr af limum thess tres en af hornum lt hans gt verdr sva mikill dropi at nidr kemr i Hvergelmi en thadan af falla ar thaer er sva heita Sid Vid Sekin Ekin Svol Gunnthro Fjorm Fimbulthul Gipul Gopul Gomul Geirvimul thessar falla um asabygdir THessar eru enn nefndar THyn Vin THoll Boll Grad Gunnthrain Nyt Not Nonn Hronn Vina Veg Svinn THjodnuma ch 39 Normalized text of the R manuscript Even more worthy of note is the hart Eikthyrni which stands in Valhall and bites from the limbs of the tree and from his horns distils such abundant exudation that it comes down into Hvergelmir and from thence fall those rivers called thus Sid Vid Sokin Eikin Svol Gunnthra Fjorm Fimbulthul Gipul Gopul Gomul Geirvimul Those fall about the abodes of the AEsir these also are recorded Thyn Vin Tholl Holl Grad Gunnthrain Nyt Not Nonn Hronn Vina Vegsvinn Thjodnuma Brodeur s translationBrodeur follows the text of the T manuscript of the Prose Edda in putting the stag i Valholl in Valhall rather than a Valholl upon Valhall as the other manuscripts do The more recent translation by Anthony Faulkes puts the stag on top of the building which seems much more natural from the context and weight of the evidence Snorri s source for this information was almost certainly Grimnismal where the following strophes are found Eikthyrnir heitir hiortr er stendr a hollo Heriafodrs ok bitr af Laerads limom en af hans hornom drypr i Hvergelmi thadan eigo votn oll vega Sid ok Vid Saekin ok Eikin Svol ok Gunnthro Fiorm ok Fimbulthul Rin ok Rennandi Gipul ok Gopul Gomul ok Geirvimul thaer hverfa um hodd goda THyn ok Vin THoll ok Holl Grad ok Gunnthorin Vina heitir enn onnor Vegsvinn thridia THiodnuma Nyt ok Not Nonn ok Hronn Slid ok Hrid Sylgr ok Ylgr Vid ok Van Vond ok Strond Gioll ok Leiptr thaer falla gumnom naer en falla til heilar hedan Jon Helgason s edition Eikthyrnir the hart is called that stands o er Odin s hall and bits from Laerad s branches from his horns fall drops into Hvergelmir whence all waters rise Sid and Vid Soekin and Eikin Svol and Gunntro Fiorm and Fimbulthul Rin and Rennandi Gipul and Gopul Gomul and Geirvimul they round the gods dwellings wind Thyn and Vin Tholl and Holl Grad and Gunnthorin Vina one is called a second Vegsvin a third Thiodnuma Nyt and Not Non and Hron Slid and Hrid Sylg and Ylg Vid and Van Vond and Strond Gioll and Leipt these two fall near to men but fall hence to Hel Thorpe s translationEtymology EditThe etymology of Eikthyrnir remains debatable Anatoly Liberman suggests that Heidthyrnir the name of the lowest heaven in Scandinavian mythology from heid bright sky was cut into two and on the basis of those halves the names of the heavenly stag Eikthyrnir and the heavenly goat Heidrun were formed The origin of thyrnir is not entirely clear but the associations with thorns is most probably due to folk etymology 3 Notes Edit Orchard 1997 36 variants Eirthyrni R Eikthyrni W Eikthyrra T Takthyrni U Liberman 2016 345 346 References EditBrodeur Arthur Gilchrist transl 1916 The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson New York The American Scandinavian Foundation Available online at Google Books Eysteinn Bjornsson ed Snorra Edda Formali amp Gylfaginning Textar fjogurra meginhandrita 2005 https web archive org web 20080611212105 http www hi is eybjorn gg Faulkes translation of the Prose Edda Helgason Jon ed 1955 Eddadigte 3 vols Kobenhavn Munksgaard Text of Grimnismal available online at http www snerpa is net kvaedi grimnir htm Liberman Anatoly 2016 In Prayer and Laughter Essays on Medieval Scandinavian and Germanic Mythology Literature and Culture Paleograph Press ISBN 9785895260272 Orchard Andy 1997 Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend Cassell ISBN 0 304 34520 2 Thorpe Benjamin tr 1866 Edda Saemundar Hinns Froda The Edda Of Saemund The Learned 2 vols London Trubner amp Co Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eikthyrnir amp oldid 1057698635, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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