This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2023)
The Egypt–Sudan border (Arabic: الحدود السودانية المصرية) is 1,276 km (793 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Libya in the west to the Red Sea in the east.[1] The eastern section of the border is subject to a territorial dispute between the two states.
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Libya on Gabal El Uweinat and then proceeds eastwards along the 22nd parallel north to Lake Nasser.[2] The border then briefly veers northwards, creating an area known as the 'Wadi Halfa Salient', before resuming its course along the 22nd parallel out to the Red Sea just south of Cape Elba (Ras Hadarba).[2] Sudan maintains that the border diverges about 183 kilometres (114 mi) east of the salient, shifting south so as to leave Bir Tawil in Egypt, and then north-east so as to include the Halaib Triangle within Sudan. The boundary traverses a thinly populated region of the Sahara desert and Libyan desert known traditionally as Nubia, with the main population centres being around the river Nile in the vicinity of Wadi Halfa.
Historyedit
Map showing the disputed Halayib Triangle, with Bir Tawil to the immediate west
Egypt, though nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, had acquired a large degree of autonomy under Muhammad Ali following the Second Egyptian-Ottoman War of 1839–1841.[3] In 1882 the British occupied Egypt, effectively establishing a protectorate (formally declared only in 1914).[3][2] Egypt's traditional claim to Sudan was maintained, and following a war against Mahdist forces in 1890s, the British conquered Sudan and created Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in January 1899 as a condominium state, divided from Egypt along the 22nd parallel.[4][3][2] The Wadi Halfa salient was added to Sudan on 26 March 1899 in order place a rail terminus from Khartoum under Sudanese control.[2] A further agreement of 1902 created an 'administrative boundary' in the east in order to facilitate the administration of various nomadic peoples, thereby creating the Bir Tawil region (to Egypt) and the Halayib triangle (to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan).[3][2]
Egypt gained full independence in 1922, and in 1956 the Anglo-Egyptian condominium was terminated with Sudan becoming independent.[3] At that point the 1902 agreement remained in force, however in 1958 Egypt re-asserted the 1899 boundary, a move protested by Sudan.[2][3] After a brief show of force Egyptian forces withdrew from the region, and the dispute thereafter lay dormant. In 1959 Egypt and Sudan signed a treaty which paved the way for Egypt to create the Aswan Dam, which had the knock-on effect of flooding much of the Wadi Halfa salient under Lake Nasser.[3]
The Halayib dispute flared up again in 1992 when it looked as if oil might be discovered off its coast. Egypt moved troops into the area, effectively establishing Egyptian control, despite the protestations of Sudan.[5] Thereafter, then Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir reiterated the Sudanese claim of sovereignty over Halayib in a 2010 speech in Port Sudan, saying "Halayeb is Sudanese and will always be Sudanese."[6][7] At present the 1899 border is de facto in effect, leaving Bir Tawil in the unique position of being the only non-polar piece of land not claimed by any country on earth.
^CIA World Factbook – Libya, retrieved 22 January 2020
^ abcdefgBrownlie, Ian (1979). African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia. Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co. pp. 110–20.
^ abcdefgInternational Boundary Study No. 18 - Egypt-Sudan Boundary(PDF), 27 July 1962, retrieved 23 January 2020
^Henderson, K.D.D. "Survey of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1898–1944", Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., London, 1946
^. Aljazeera.net. 2010-07-05. Archived from the original on 2010-07-09. Retrieved 2017-03-05.
^"Sudan’s Bashir reiterates sovereignty over disputed border area of Halayeb" 2019-05-14 at the Wayback MachineSudan Tribune (1 July 2010)
^"Egypt bars Sudanese official from entering disputed border region: report" 2020-01-27 at the Wayback MachineSudan Tribune (10 December 2009)
February 16, 2024
egypt, sudan, border, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, december, 2023, arabic, الحدود, السودانية, المصرية, length, runs, from, tripoint, with, libya, west, east, eastern. This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2023 The Egypt Sudan border Arabic الحدود السودانية المصرية is 1 276 km 793 mi in length and runs from the tripoint with Libya in the west to the Red Sea in the east 1 The eastern section of the border is subject to a territorial dispute between the two states Map of the Egypt Sudan border Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Settlements near the border 3 1 Egypt 3 2 Sudan 4 See also 5 ReferencesDescription editThe border starts in the west at the tripoint with Libya on Gabal El Uweinat and then proceeds eastwards along the 22nd parallel north to Lake Nasser 2 The border then briefly veers northwards creating an area known as the Wadi Halfa Salient before resuming its course along the 22nd parallel out to the Red Sea just south of Cape Elba Ras Hadarba 2 Sudan maintains that the border diverges about 183 kilometres 114 mi east of the salient shifting south so as to leave Bir Tawil in Egypt and then north east so as to include the Halaib Triangle within Sudan The boundary traverses a thinly populated region of the Sahara desert and Libyan desert known traditionally as Nubia with the main population centres being around the river Nile in the vicinity of Wadi Halfa History edit nbsp Map showing the disputed Halayib Triangle with Bir Tawil to the immediate westEgypt though nominally part of the Ottoman Empire had acquired a large degree of autonomy under Muhammad Ali following the Second Egyptian Ottoman War of 1839 1841 3 In 1882 the British occupied Egypt effectively establishing a protectorate formally declared only in 1914 3 2 Egypt s traditional claim to Sudan was maintained and following a war against Mahdist forces in 1890s the British conquered Sudan and created Anglo Egyptian Sudan in January 1899 as a condominium state divided from Egypt along the 22nd parallel 4 3 2 The Wadi Halfa salient was added to Sudan on 26 March 1899 in order place a rail terminus from Khartoum under Sudanese control 2 A further agreement of 1902 created an administrative boundary in the east in order to facilitate the administration of various nomadic peoples thereby creating the Bir Tawil region to Egypt and the Halayib triangle to Anglo Egyptian Sudan 3 2 Egypt gained full independence in 1922 and in 1956 the Anglo Egyptian condominium was terminated with Sudan becoming independent 3 At that point the 1902 agreement remained in force however in 1958 Egypt re asserted the 1899 boundary a move protested by Sudan 2 3 After a brief show of force Egyptian forces withdrew from the region and the dispute thereafter lay dormant In 1959 Egypt and Sudan signed a treaty which paved the way for Egypt to create the Aswan Dam which had the knock on effect of flooding much of the Wadi Halfa salient under Lake Nasser 3 The Halayib dispute flared up again in 1992 when it looked as if oil might be discovered off its coast Egypt moved troops into the area effectively establishing Egyptian control despite the protestations of Sudan 5 Thereafter then Sudanese President Omar al Bashir reiterated the Sudanese claim of sovereignty over Halayib in a 2010 speech in Port Sudan saying Halayeb is Sudanese and will always be Sudanese 6 7 At present the 1899 border is de facto in effect leaving Bir Tawil in the unique position of being the only non polar piece of land not claimed by any country on earth Settlements near the border editEgypt edit Shalateen disputed Sudan edit Faras historic Wadi Halfa Selima OasisSee also editNubians Roman Egypt Egypt Sudan relations Roman relations with Nubia Darb El Arba in historic trade route traversing the areaReferences edit CIA World Factbook Libya retrieved 22 January 2020 a b c d e f g Brownlie Ian 1979 African Boundaries A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia Institute for International Affairs Hurst and Co pp 110 20 a b c d e f g International Boundary Study No 18 Egypt Sudan Boundary PDF 27 July 1962 retrieved 23 January 2020 Henderson K D D Survey of the Anglo Egyptian Sudan 1898 1944 Longmans Green and Co Ltd London 1946 مستقبل حلايب بين الخرائط والدبلوماسية Aljazeera net 2010 07 05 Archived from the original on 2010 07 09 Retrieved 2017 03 05 Sudan s Bashir reiterates sovereignty over disputed border area of Halayeb Archived 2019 05 14 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Tribune 1 July 2010 Egypt bars Sudanese official from entering disputed border region report Archived 2020 01 27 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Tribune 10 December 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Egypt Sudan border amp oldid 1206738086, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
