Edgar Bronfman Jr.

Edgar Miles Bronfman Jr. (born May 16, 1955) is an American businessman who currently serves as a Managing Partner at Accretive LLC, a private equity firm focused on creating and investing in technology companies.^[1] He previously served as CEO of Warner Music Group from 2004 to 2011 and as Chairman of Warner Music Group from 2011 to 2012. In May 2011, the sale of WMG was announced; Bronfman would continue as CEO in the transaction. In August 2011, he became Chairman of the company as Stephen Cooper became CEO.^[2] Bronfman previously served as CEO of Seagram and vice-chairman of Vivendi Universal. Bronfman Jr. expanded and later divested ownership of the Seagram Company, and also worked as a Broadway and film producer, and songwriter^[3] under the pseudonyms Junior Miles and Sam Roman.

Edgar Bronfman Jr.
Bronfman, Jr. in 2008
Born	Edgar Miles Bronfman Jr. (1955-05-16) May 16, 1955 (age 67) New York City, U.S.
Nationality	American
Occupation(s)	CEO of Warner Music Group from 2004–2011 Chairman of Warner Music Group from 2011–2012
Successor	Stephen Cooper
Spouse(s)	Sherry Brewer ​ ​ (m. 1979; div. 1991)​ Clarissa Alcock San Román ​ ​ (m. 1993)​
Children	7, including Benjamin and Hannah
Parent(s)	Edgar Bronfman Sr. Ann Loeb
Relatives	Clare Bronfman (half-sister) Samuel Bronfman (grandfather) John Langeloth Loeb Sr. (grandfather) Nicholas M. Loeb (cousin)

Early life

Born in 1955, Edgar Jr. ("Efer" to friends)^[3] is the son of Edgar Miles Bronfman and the grandson of Samuel Bronfman, patriarch of one of the wealthiest and most influential Jewish families in Canada.^[4] The Bronfman family gained its fortunes through the Seagram Company, an alcohol distilling company.^[3] Edgar Jr. is the second of five children of Ann (Loeb) and Edgar Miles Bronfman. His mother was the daughter of John Langeloth Loeb Sr. (a Wall Street investment banker whose company was a predecessor of Shearson Lehman/American Express) and Frances Lehman (a scion of the Lehman Brothers banking firm). They divorced in 1973.^[5]

Business career

Film production

Bronfman proceeded to a brief career in entertainment in the 1970s as a film and Broadway producer. The summer before his final year of high school, in 1972, he was a credited producer on the film, The Blockhouse. His Efer Productions company was signed by Universal Studios in 1977 to a three-year movie production contract. He produced the unsuccessful film The Border (1982), which starred Jack Nicholson.^{[citation needed]}

Seagram Company

In 1982, Bronfman returned to the Seagram Company, spending three months learning the ropes before moving to London to become managing director of Seagram Europe. In 1984, Bronfman returned to New York as President of the House of Seagram, the company's U.S. marketing division. By 1994, he became the Chief Executive Officer, where he began a move away from the traditional liquor business and into entertainment. According to Cigar Aficionado, Edgar Jr. led the family on a series of disastrous business deals, ultimately losing the family's ownership of Seagram.^[3]

The first step in this diversification was the widely criticised sale of Seagram's stake in DuPont. In 1981, Edgar Bronfman Sr. had sold Seagram's stake in Conoco to DuPont, in exchange for almost 25% of the chemical giant.^[6] This stake in DuPont, by 1995, represented about 70% of Seagram's total earnings. Nevertheless, Bronfman Jr., acting as Seagram CEO, approached DuPont about buying back its shares, a deal that DuPont wasted no time in closing.

With the proceeds of the $9 billion sale, Bronfman Jr. went on an expansion into the entertainment business, in music through the acquisition of PolyGram, and in film entertainment through MCA and Universal Pictures. However, the new entertainment conglomerate he created had a brief life, before needing a strategic partner. Bronfman Jr., then led Seagram into a controversial all-stock acquisition by French conglomerate Vivendi in 2000. Bronfman Jr., became chief of the new company, Vivendi Universal, but the Seagram company effectively lost control of its entertainment businesses. Meanwhile, the beverage division—the core of Seagram was acquired by Pernod Ricard and Diageo and divided between the two firms. Seagram, for all intents and purposes, ceased to exist.

In December 2001, Bronfman announced he was stepping down from an executive capacity at Vivendi Universal, but remaining as vice chair of the board.

In 2002, Bronfman joined private investment firm Accretive LLC as General Partner.^[7] The firm focuses on conducting deep market research and hand-selecting firms to back. Among its past projects are Accretive Health and Fandango (ticket service). Companies it currently backs include human resources firm AlphaStaff and small-business insurance company Insureon.^[8]

Warner Music Group

On February 27, 2004, Bronfman finalised the acquisition of Warner Music Group and served as Chairman and CEO of the music company for the following 7 years. Bronfman helped to transform WMG by rapidly growing the company's digital music sales, redefining the relationships it has with artists and diversifying its revenue streams through its expansion into growing areas of the music business.^[9] WMG held an initial public offering of stock in 2005 (NYSE: WMG), and is now the only standalone major music company to be publicly traded. While the stock has fallen from a high in 2005 of over $30 per share, the company has nonetheless produced double-digit growth in its digital business, increased its market share and delivered stable revenue performance despite a drastic music industry decline during the same period.^[10] In 2008, The New York Times reported that WMG's Atlantic Records became the first major record label to generate more than half of its music sales in the U.S. from digital products.^[11]

In May, 2011, WMG and Bronfman announced the company's sale to Access Industries for US$3.3 billion cash. Access is controlled by Russian-born billionaire Len Blavatnik, a former board member and still-substantial shareholder of WMG at the time of the purchase announcement. The sale, coming after a three-month bidding process, "serves the best interests of stockholders as well as the best interests of music fans, our recording artists and songwriters, and the wonderful people of this company," according to a statement released by Bronfman.^[12] CEO Bronfman would continue in his post in the transaction, though further job cuts were also foreseen. The investment group which has owned the company since 2004 was said to have received a positive return on its investment.^[13]

In August 2011, Bronfman became Chairman of Warner Music and Stephen Cooper became CEO.^[2] He stepped down as Chairman on January 31, 2012.^[14][15] In February 2017, it was reported that Meredith Corp. and a group of investors led by Bronfman Jr. were considering pursuing Time Inc.^[16]

He is currently the chairman of Endeavor,^[17] an international non-profit development organisation that supports entrepreneurs.^{[citation needed]}

Waverley Capital

In 2017, it was announced that Bronfman would be launching a new venture capital firm called Waverley Capital, alongside Luminari Capital founder Daniel Leff.^[18] This firm would invest in "innovative and disruptive" companies within both technology and entertainment, with offices in New York and Palo Alto, California, with a Los Angeles office expected to open in the future.^[19]

Music career

In 1973, Bronfman began a songwriting career under the pseudonyms Junior Miles and Sam Roman. He often collaborated with Bruce Roberts on songs like "Whisper in the Dark", which he gave to Dionne Warwick to record in thanks for introducing him to his first wife, Sherry. Bronfman also co-wrote "To Love You More", which was recorded by Celine Dion, and Barbra Streisand's "If I Didn't Love You".^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Edgar M. Bronfman, Jr., is the son of Edgar Bronfman, Sr., the billionaire businessman and longtime president of the World Jewish Congress who died aged 84 in 2013.^[20] He is the half-brother of Clare Bronfman, who as a 39-year-old was charged in 2018 in a NXIVM sex-trafficking case.^[21]

In 1979, Bronfman married his first wife, the African American actress Sherry Brewer, in New Orleans. Bronfman's father did not approve of the marriage. "I very much wanted for him to end the relationship, because I told him, all marriages are difficult enough without the added stress of totally different backgrounds", Bronfman Sr. wrote in his memoirs. "Sherry offered to convert [to Judaism], which though well intentioned, was not the point."^[22]

Bronfman and Brewer eloped and he and his father remained estranged.^[23] The couple had three children before they divorced in 1991:

1. Benjamin (born 1982) – Bronfman's eldest son with Sherry is also known as "Ben Brewer", a rock musician. Brewer was the guitar player and vocalist for the New York-based alternative rock band The Exit. He also was engaged to Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam, a British recording artist, songwriter, painter and director of Sri Lankan Tamil descent, better known under the stage name of M.I.A. Her compositions combine elements of electronica, dance, alternative, hip hop and world music. They have a son, Ikhyd Edgar Arular Bronfman, born on 11 February 2009.^[24]
2. Vanessa, and
3. Hannah (born 1987) – Actress and DJ. Hannah is probably best known for Beautified, an app for setting last-minute beauty appointments.^[25][26]

In 1993 Bronfman married Clarisa Alcock San Román, a Catholic, the daughter of Frank Alcock Pérez-Matos, a Venezuelan oil executive of half British descent, and Dinorah San Román Strup.^[27][28] They have four children: Aaron, Bettina, Erik, and Clarissa.

Insider trading conviction

On January 21, 2011, Bronfman was found guilty in French court of insider trading as Vivendi chief and received a 15-month suspended sentence and a €5m fine.^[29]

Considering the jail sentences handed out to other executives for similar convictions, BNN reporter Michael Kane told CTV News "The fact that the judge suspended the jail time could be looked at as getting off lightly, perhaps."^[30]

He has appealed the decision.^[31]

Stance on music copyright infringement

At the height of file sharing service Napster's popularity, Bronfman was a leading opponent of the illegal use of peer-to-peer technology. As CEO of Universal, he helped lead the music industry's opposition to Napster, likening it to slavery and Soviet communism.^[32]

In 2006, WMG was the first major media company to create a business model around user-generated content and, more recently, has been pushing for ways to monetise the popularity of P2P networks on college campuses.^[33][34]

In late 2006 in an interview with Reuters, Bronfman caused a stir by admitting that his children have copyright infringing music.^[35] He claims to have delivered punishment for this but wants it to remain within the realm of the family.^[36]

Lately, Bronfman may have revised his judgement. During the GSMA Mobile Asia Congress, he told the audience that mobile operators should not make the same mistakes that the music industry has:^[37]

We used to fool ourselves ... We used to think our content was perfect just exactly as it was. We expected our business would remain blissfully unaffected even as the world of interactivity, constant connection and file sharing was exploding. And of course we were wrong. How were we wrong? By standing still or moving at a glacial pace, we inadvertently went to war with consumers by denying them what they wanted and could otherwise find and as a result of course, consumers won.

In 2010 Bronfman changed his philosophy on the music industry's online business models, stating that he does not support free advertising supported models. He said that WMG will focus on promoting services that require payment, that will appeal to the population that already pays for downloads in stores such as iTunes.^[38]

The 'get all your music you want for free, and then maybe with a few bells and whistles we can move you to a premium price' strategy is not the kind of approach to business that we will be supporting in the future.

References

1. "Edgar Miles Bronfman Jr.: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
2. Warner Music CEO Edgar Bronfman Jr. and Chairman Stephen Cooper Switch Jobs | Billboard. Billboard.biz (2011-08-19). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.
3. . Archived from the original on 2006-07-09. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
4. Samuel and Saidye recognized the influence and responsibility that came with wealth. The Canadian Encyclopedia, "The Bronfman family"
5. "Ann L. Bronfman: Obituary". Legacy.com. The New York Times. April 10, 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
6. "Edgar Miles Bronfman | Canadian-born American businessman and philanthropist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
7. "Edgar Bronfman Jr." 2013-09-14 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2013-07-25.
8. "Our Companies | Accretive LLC" 2013-09-14 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2013-07-25.
9. Fitzgerald, Michael. [1], Fast Company, "How Warner Music and Its Musicians Are Combating Declining Album Sales", 1, July 2010.
10. Cox, Rob. "Warner Music Is Singing Again", The New York Times, 24 May 2009.
11. Arango, Tim. "Digital Sales Surpass CDs at Atlantic", The New York Times, 25 November 2008.
12. Smith, Ethan, "Deal Values Warner Music at $3.3 Billion", The Wall Street Journal, May 6, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
13. , Associated Press via The Washington Post, May 6, 1:38 PM EDT. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
14. Updated: Edgar Bronfman Jr. to Step Down as Warner Music Group Chairman, No Successor Named | Billboard 2012-12-26 at the Wayback Machine. Billboard.biz (2012-01-31). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.
15. Video: Edgar Bronfman Jr. Says Warner Music Will Fight Universal-EMI Merger 'Tooth and Nail' | Billboard 2012-02-03 at the Wayback Machine. Billboard.biz (2012-02-01). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.
16. A. Trachtenberg, Jeffrey (February 7, 2017), Meredith, Bronfman Move Forward in Effort to Acquire Time Inc., New York City: The Wall Street Journal, retrieved February 8, 2017
17. 4-traders. "Edgar Miles Bronfman, Jr. - Biography". www.4-traders.com. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
18. Hu, Cherie (October 31, 2017). "Former Warner Music CEO Edgar Bronfman Jr. Launches VC Firm for Early-Stage Media Startups". Billboard. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
19. Spangler, Todd (October 30, 2017). "Edgar Bronfman Jr. Forms Media Venture-Capital Firm With Luminari's Daniel Leff". Variety. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
20. York, Associated Press in New (December 22, 2013). "Edgar M Bronfman, Seagram boss and 'titan of industry', dies aged 84". the Guardian.
21. "Nxivm sex cult case: Seagram heiress among four women arrested". BBC News. July 25, 2018.
22. "Seagram chairman admits he never approved of son's marriage to a Black woman", Jet, March 23, 1998.
23. Auletta, Ken. "Rising Son", The New Yorker, 6 June 1994.
24. New York Observer: "The Bed-Stuy Bronfman" By Joe Pompeo November 24, 2009
25. Women's Wear Daily: "Hannah Bronfman Saves the World" by Alessandra Codinha August 8, 2011
26. "'Beautified': The App that Lets You Book Last-Minute Beauty Appointments". Time. 2013-05-22. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
27. Solo Genealogia: Clarisa Alcock San Román retrieved April 8, 2012
28. Maclean's Magazine quoted by The Canadian Encyclopedia Historica: "Bronfman Sells DuPont" April 17, 1995
29. "Ex-Vivendi executives found guilty". Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
30. Bronfman Jr. convicted in Vivendi trial | CTV News 2011-01-23 at the Wayback Machine. Ctv.ca (2011-01-21). Retrieved on 2013-12-23.
31. Warner Music Group | News 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. Wmg.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-23.
32. Charles C. Mann (2000-09-01). "The Heavenly Jukebox". The Atlantic Monthly.
33. Warner makes deal with YouTube
34. Three Major Record Labels Join the 'Choruss'
35. "Will The Recording Industry Sue Edgar Bronfman For Downloading?". TechDirt. 4 December 2006.
36. Adam Reuters (1 December 2006). . Reuters. Archived from the original on 2007-02-20. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
37. Duncan Riley (14 November 2007). "Warner Music Boss: We Were Wrong". techcrunch.
38. Ian Youngs (10 February 2010). "Warner retreats from free music streaming". BBC.

Further reading

• McQueen, Rod. The Icarus Factor: The Rise and Fall of Edgar Bronfman Jr., 2004. ISBN 0-385-65995-4
• Faith, Nicholas. The Bronfmans: The Rise and Fall of the House of Seagram, 2006. ISBN 0-312-33219-X

External links

• Speaking at Stanford
• "Edgar Bronfman Jr." at hollywood.com
• Milner, Brian. , Cigar Aficionado
• "Edgar Bronfman, Edgar Bronfman: Overrated father, misunderstood son", Slate, 26 April 1998, by David Plotz
• Edgar Bronfman Jr. biography at Directors of Endeavor
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• The Bronfman family at The Canadian Encyclopedia

Business positions
Preceded by –	Chief Executive Officer of Warner Music Group 2004 – August 19, 2011	Succeeded by Stephen Cooper