East African Railways and Harbours Corporation
The East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EAR&H) is a defunct company that operated railways and harbours in East Africa from 1948 to 1977. It was formed in 1948 for the new East African High Commission by merging the Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours with the Tanganyika Railway of the Tanganyika Territory. As well as running railways and harbours in the three territories it ran inland shipping services on Lake Victoria, Lake Kyoga, Lake Albert, the Victoria Nile and the Albert Nile.
| Type | Government-owned corporation |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | |
| Founded | 1948 |
| Defunct | 1977 |
| Fate | Split into national companies |
| Successor | |
Railways Edit
The Malayan Railway sold the EAR&H eight metre gauge USATC S118 Class steam locomotives in 1948, and another eight in 1949.[1] The EAR&H converted them to oil burners and numbered them 2701–2716, making them the 27 class[1] and allocating them to its Tabora Depot on its Tanganyika section.[1] They entered service in 1949 and 1950, working the lines to Mwanza, Kigoma and Mpanda where their light axle loading was an advantage and their high firebox enabled them to run through seasonal flooding on the Kigoma and Mpanda branches.[1] EAR&H built further S118 from spare parts in 1953 and numbered it 2717. The EAR&H withdrew them from service in about 1965, and they were moved to Dar es Salaam for scrapping in 1966.[1]
In 1955 and 1956, the EAR&H introduced new and much more powerful steam locomotives for its Kenya and Uganda network: the 59 class Garratt locomotives. These were the mainstay of the section's heaviest traffic between Mombasa and Nairobi until they started to be withdrawn from service between 1973 and 1980.
The EAR&H extended the Uganda Railway from Kampala to the copper mines at Kasese in 1956. In 1962, it completed the northern Uganda railway from Soroti to Pakwach and from there to Arua in 1964, thus superseding the Victoria Nile steamer service.[2]
International ferries Edit
Proposed ferries from East Africa Harbour (E.A.H):
Inland ferries Edit
In 1961, the EAR&H introduced the new Lake Victoria ferry RMS Victoria.[3] This faster vessel doubled the speed of the circular service around the lake, allowing EAR&H to increase sailings from once to twice a week.[4] Elizabeth II designated her a Royal Mail Ship, making it the only EAR&H ship to receive this distinction.[5]
In 1965 and 1966, the EAR&H introduced a train ferry service across Lake Victoria with the MV Umoja and MV Uhuru.[6][7] In 1967, the EAR&H made harbour improvements at Kisumu on the Kenyan shore of Lake Victoria by scuttling the disused ferry SS Winifred to form a breakwater.
Dissolution Edit
In 1977, the High Commission's successor, the East African Community, was dissolved and EAR&H's rail network was broken up into three national railways: Kenya Railways Corporation, Tanzania Railways Corporation and Uganda Railways Corporation.
In Culture Edit
Kenyan-born singer Roger Whittaker wrote and recorded the song The Good Old EAR&H in about 1982, after a return visit to Kenya.
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ a b c d e Tourret, R (1976). War Department Locomotives. Abingdon: Tourret Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 0-905878-00-0.
- ^ "Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Mombasa and East African Steamers, Y30468L". Janus. Cambridge University Library.
- ^ Cameron, Stuart; Strathdee, Paul. . Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways & Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3". Kenya Gazette. Vol. LXIII. 1 July 1961. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ McCrow, Malcolm. "Marine Services". East African Railways and Harbours. Malcolm McCrow. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
- ^ Cameron, Stuart (2004). . Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Cameron, Stuart (2004). . Clyde-built Database. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
Further reading Edit
- Patience, Kevin (1976), Steam in East Africa: a pictorial history of the railways in East Africa, 1893-1976, Nairobi: Heinemann Educational Books (E.A.) Ltd, OCLC 3781370, Wikidata Q111363477
- Patience, Kevin (1996). Steam Twilight: The last years of steam on Kenya Railways. Bahrain: Kevin Patience. OCLC 37615720.
- Ramaer, Roel (1974). Steam Locomotives of the East African Railways. David & Charles Locomotive Studies. Newton Abbot, North Pomfret: David & Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-6437-6. OCLC 832692810. OL 5110018M. Wikidata Q111363478.
- Ramaer, Roel (2009). Gari la Moshi: Steam Locomotives of the East African Railways. Malmö: Stenvalls. ISBN 978-91-7266-172-1. OCLC 502034710. Wikidata Q111363479.
- Robinson, Neil (2009). World Rail Atlas and Historical Summary. Volume 7: North, East and Central Africa. Barnsley, UK: World Rail Atlas Ltd. ISBN 978-954-92184-3-5.
External links Edit
- Malcolm McCrow's EAR web site
- Flags of the EAR&HC
- Archive of East African Railways and Harbours staff magazines