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Ground station

January 07, 2023

For stations controlling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), see UAV ground control station.

A ground station, Earth station, or Earth terminal is a terrestrial radio station designed for extraplanetary telecommunication with spacecraft (constituting part of the ground segment of the spacecraft system), or reception of radio waves from astronomical radio sources. Ground stations may be located either on the surface of the Earth, or in its atmosphere.[1] Earth stations communicate with spacecraft by transmitting and receiving radio waves in the super high frequency (SHF) or extremely high frequency (EHF) bands (e.g. microwaves). When a ground station successfully transmits radio waves to a spacecraft (or vice versa), it establishes a telecommunications link. A principal telecommunications device of the ground station is the parabolic antenna.

Parkes Observatory pointing toward the Moon, receiving data from Apollo 11 mission back to Earth

Ground stations may have either a fixed or itinerant position. Article 1 § III of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations describes various types of stationary and mobile ground stations, and their interrelationships.[2]

Specialized satellite Earth stations are used to telecommunicate with satellites — chiefly communications satellites. Other ground stations communicate with crewed space stations or uncrewed space probes. A ground station that primarily receives telemetry data, or that follows space missions, or satellites not in geostationary orbit, is called a ground tracking station, or space tracking station, or simply a tracking station.

When a spacecraft or satellite is within a ground station's line of sight, the station is said to have a view of the spacecraft (see pass). It is possible for a spacecraft to communicate with more than one ground station at a time. A pair of ground stations are said to have a spacecraft in mutual view when the stations share simultaneous, unobstructed, line-of-sight contact with the spacecraft.[3]

Telecommunications port

A telecommunications port — or, more commonly, teleport — is a satellite ground station that functions as a hub connecting a satellite or geocentric orbital network with a terrestrial telecommunications network, such as the Internet.

Teleports may provide various broadcasting services among other telecommunications functions,[4] such as uploading computer programs or issuing commands over an uplink to a satellite.[5]

In May 1984, the Dallas/Fort Worth Teleport became the first American teleport to commence operation.[citation needed]

Earth terminal complexes

In Federal Standard 1037C, the United States General Services Administration defined an Earth terminal complex as the assemblage of equipment and facilities necessary to integrate an Earth terminal (ground station) into a telecommunications network.[6][7] FS-1037C has since been subsumed by the ATIS Telecom Glossary, which is maintained by the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), an international, business-oriented, non-governmental organization. The Telecommunications Industry Association also acknowledges this definition.

Satellite communications standards

The ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), a division of the International Telecommunication Union, codifies international standards agreed-upon through multinational discourse. From 1927 to 1932, standards and regulations now governed by the ITU-R were administered by the International Consultative Committee for Radio.

In addition to the body of standards defined by the ITU-R, each major satellite operator provides technical requirements and standards that ground stations must meet in order to communicate with the operator's satellites. For example, Intelsat publishes the Intelsat Earth Station Standards (IESS) which, among other things, classifies ground stations by the capabilities of their parabolic antennas, and pre-approves certain antenna models.[8] Eutelsat publishes similar standards and requirements, such as the Eutelsat Earth Station Standards (EESS).[9][10]

The Teleport (originally called a Telecommunications Satellite Park) innovation was conceived and developed by Joseph Milano in 1976 as part of a National Research Council study entitled, Telecommunications for Metropolitan Areas: Near-Term Needs and Opportunities".

Major Earth stations and Earth terminal complexes

See also

References

  1. ^ "Federal Standard 1037C - Earth Station". General Services Administration. 1996. Retrieved 23 April 2009.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ . International Telecommunication Union. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
  3. ^ Underkoffler, C.; Webster, A.; Colombo, A., eds. (2007). "ATIS Telecom Glossary - View". Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
  4. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
  6. ^ "Federal Standard 1037C - Earth terminal complex". General Services Administration. 1996. Retrieved 22 April 2009.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ^ Underkoffler, C.; Webster, A.; Colombo, A., eds. (2007). "ATIS Telecom Glossary - Earth terminal complex". Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
  8. ^ (PDF). Eutelsat. 10 May 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2006. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
  9. ^ . Eutelsat. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
  10. ^ . Eutelsat. Archived from the original on 17 November 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2009.

External links

  • UplinkStation.com, a corporate directory of commercial teleports, satellite television operators, et al.
  • World Teleport Association

January 07, 2023
ground, station, stations, controlling, unmanned, aerial, vehicles, uavs, ground, control, station, ground, station, earth, station, earth, terminal, terrestrial, radio, station, designed, extraplanetary, telecommunication, with, spacecraft, constituting, part. For stations controlling unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs see UAV ground control station A ground station Earth station or Earth terminal is a terrestrial radio station designed for extraplanetary telecommunication with spacecraft constituting part of the ground segment of the spacecraft system or reception of radio waves from astronomical radio sources Ground stations may be located either on the surface of the Earth or in its atmosphere 1 Earth stations communicate with spacecraft by transmitting and receiving radio waves in the super high frequency SHF or extremely high frequency EHF bands e g microwaves When a ground station successfully transmits radio waves to a spacecraft or vice versa it establishes a telecommunications link A principal telecommunications device of the ground station is the parabolic antenna Parkes Observatory pointing toward the Moon receiving data from Apollo 11 mission back to Earth Ground stations may have either a fixed or itinerant position Article 1 III of the International Telecommunication Union ITU Radio Regulations describes various types of stationary and mobile ground stations and their interrelationships 2 Specialized satellite Earth stations are used to telecommunicate with satellites chiefly communications satellites Other ground stations communicate with crewed space stations or uncrewed space probes A ground station that primarily receives telemetry data or that follows space missions or satellites not in geostationary orbit is called a ground tracking station or space tracking station or simply a tracking station When a spacecraft or satellite is within a ground station s line of sight the station is said to have a view of the spacecraft see pass It is possible for a spacecraft to communicate with more than one ground station at a time A pair of ground stations are said to have a spacecraft in mutual view when the stations share simultaneous unobstructed line of sight contact with the spacecraft 3 Contents 1 Telecommunications port 2 Earth terminal complexes 3 Satellite communications standards 4 Major Earth stations and Earth terminal complexes 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksTelecommunications port EditA telecommunications port or more commonly teleport is a satellite ground station that functions as a hub connecting a satellite or geocentric orbital network with a terrestrial telecommunications network such as the Internet Teleports may provide various broadcasting services among other telecommunications functions 4 such as uploading computer programs or issuing commands over an uplink to a satellite 5 In May 1984 the Dallas Fort Worth Teleport became the first American teleport to commence operation citation needed Earth terminal complexes Edit A Tier 1 satellite dish manufactured by Level 3 Communications in Boise Idaho In Federal Standard 1037C the United States General Services Administration defined an Earth terminal complex as the assemblage of equipment and facilities necessary to integrate an Earth terminal ground station into a telecommunications network 6 7 FS 1037C has since been subsumed by the ATIS Telecom Glossary which is maintained by the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions ATIS an international business oriented non governmental organization The Telecommunications Industry Association also acknowledges this definition Satellite communications standards EditThe ITU Radiocommunication Sector ITU R a division of the International Telecommunication Union codifies international standards agreed upon through multinational discourse From 1927 to 1932 standards and regulations now governed by the ITU R were administered by the International Consultative Committee for Radio In addition to the body of standards defined by the ITU R each major satellite operator provides technical requirements and standards that ground stations must meet in order to communicate with the operator s satellites For example Intelsat publishes the Intelsat Earth Station Standards IESS which among other things classifies ground stations by the capabilities of their parabolic antennas and pre approves certain antenna models 8 Eutelsat publishes similar standards and requirements such as the Eutelsat Earth Station Standards EESS 9 10 The Teleport originally called a Telecommunications Satellite Park innovation was conceived and developed by Joseph Milano in 1976 as part of a National Research Council study entitled Telecommunications for Metropolitan Areas Near Term Needs and Opportunities Major Earth stations and Earth terminal complexes EditBukit Timah Satellite Earth Station Singapore Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex Australia Esrange Space Center Sweden Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex California U S Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station UK Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station Australia Jamesburg Earth Station abandoned California U S Kaena Point Satellite Tracking Station Hawaii U S Madley Communications Centre UK Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex Spain Makarios Earth Station Cyprus Suparco Satellite Center Pakistan Svalbard Satellite Station NorwaySee also Edit Spaceflight portalAntenna farm Fundamental station Geosynchronous orbit Ground segment List of astronomical observatories Mission control center Observatory Pass spaceflight the period in which a spacecraft is above the local horizon Radio astronomy Radio telescope Satellite geodesy Satellite tracking Satellite truck SatNOGSReferences Edit Federal Standard 1037C Earth Station General Services Administration 1996 Retrieved 23 April 2009 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain ITU Radio Regulations Article 1 Definitions of Radio Services International Telecommunication Union Archived from the original on 30 April 2009 Retrieved 23 April 2009 Underkoffler C Webster A Colombo A eds 2007 ATIS Telecom Glossary View Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions Retrieved 22 April 2009 Glossary PDF Archived from the original PDF on 16 July 2011 Retrieved 25 April 2009 Satellite Teleport Archived from the original on 5 March 2009 Retrieved 25 April 2009 Federal Standard 1037C Earth terminal complex General Services Administration 1996 Retrieved 22 April 2009 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Underkoffler C Webster A Colombo A eds 2007 ATIS Telecom Glossary Earth terminal complex Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions Retrieved 22 April 2009 Intelsat Earth Station Standards IESS Document IESS 207 Rev 4 PDF Eutelsat 10 May 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 17 October 2006 Retrieved 22 April 2009 Earth Station Minimum Technical and Operational Requirements Standard M EESS 502 Issue 11 Rev 1 Eutelsat Archived from the original on 28 February 2009 Retrieved 22 April 2009 Eutelsat Approved Equipment Eutelsat Archived from the original on 17 November 2008 Retrieved 22 April 2009 External links EditUplinkStation com a corporate directory of commercial teleports satellite television operators et al World Teleport Association Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ground station amp oldid 1083334706, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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