Quillaia is the milled inner bark or small stems and branches of the soapbark (Quillaja saponaria, Molina). Other names include Murillo bark extract, Panama bark extract, Quillaia extract, Quillay bark extract, and Soapbark extract. Quillaia contains high concentrations of saponins that can be increased further by processing. Highly purified saponins from quillaia are used as adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines. Other compounds in the crude extract include tannins and other polyphenols, and calcium oxalate.[1]
The saponins from Quillaja saponaria are used in several approved veterinaryvaccines (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease vaccines). Initially a crude preparation was used, but more recently purified products have been developed. Two of these (Quil A and Matrix-M) have been shown to be more effective and cause less local irritation. [3][4]
Quil A is still a mixture of more than 25 different saponin molecules. One of them, the saponin QS21, has been investigated for as an adjuvant for human vaccines.[3]
Novavax uses a highly purified quillaja extract as an adjuvant in its veterinary and human vaccines. The adjuvant, Matrix-M, is made at facilities in Sweden and Denmark.[4]
Referencesedit
^ abcdEFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) et al. Re-evaluation of Quillaia extract (E 999) as a food additive and safety of the proposed extension of use. EFSA Journal. 06 March 2019.
^Biopesticides Registration Action Document. Saponins of Quillaja Saponaria . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 11 September 2009.
^ abSun, Hong-Xiang; Xie, Yong; Ye, Yi-Ping (2009). . Vaccine. 27 (12): 1787–1796. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.091. PMID 19208455. Archived from the original on 2017-10-08.
^ abSarah Jane Tribble and Rachana Pradhan. Novavax’s Effort to Vaccinate the World, From Zero to Not Quite Warp Speed Kaiser Health News, Kaiser Family Foundation, July 19, 2021.
External linksedit
WHO report
This food ingredient article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
quillaia, milled, inner, bark, small, stems, branches, soapbark, quillaja, saponaria, molina, other, names, include, murillo, bark, extract, panama, bark, extract, extract, quillay, bark, extract, soapbark, extract, contains, high, concentrations, saponins, th. Quillaia is the milled inner bark or small stems and branches of the soapbark Quillaja saponaria Molina Other names include Murillo bark extract Panama bark extract Quillaia extract Quillay bark extract and Soapbark extract Quillaia contains high concentrations of saponins that can be increased further by processing Highly purified saponins from quillaia are used as adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines Other compounds in the crude extract include tannins and other polyphenols and calcium oxalate 1 Quillaia is used in the manufacture of food additives 1 and it is listed as an ingredient in root beer and cream soda 1 The extract also is used as a humectant in baked goods frozen dairy products and puddings and as a foaming agent in soft drinks 1 It is used in agriculture for some natural spray adjuvant formulations 2 Saponin adjuvants editThe saponins from Quillaja saponaria are used in several approved veterinary vaccines e g foot and mouth disease vaccines Initially a crude preparation was used but more recently purified products have been developed Two of these Quil A and Matrix M have been shown to be more effective and cause less local irritation 3 4 Quil A is still a mixture of more than 25 different saponin molecules One of them the saponin QS21 has been investigated for as an adjuvant for human vaccines 3 Novavax uses a highly purified quillaja extract as an adjuvant in its veterinary and human vaccines The adjuvant Matrix M is made at facilities in Sweden and Denmark 4 References edit a b c d EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings FAF et al Re evaluation of Quillaia extract E 999 as a food additive and safety of the proposed extension of use EFSA Journal 06 March 2019 Biopesticides Registration Action Document Saponins of Quillaja Saponaria U S Environmental Protection Agency 11 September 2009 a b Sun Hong Xiang Xie Yong Ye Yi Ping 2009 Advances in saponin based adjuvants Vaccine 27 12 1787 1796 doi 10 1016 j vaccine 2009 01 091 PMID 19208455 Archived from the original on 2017 10 08 a b Sarah Jane Tribble and Rachana Pradhan Novavax s Effort to Vaccinate the World From Zero to Not Quite Warp Speed Kaiser Health News Kaiser Family Foundation July 19 2021 External links editWHO report nbsp This food ingredient article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quillaia amp oldid 1184092519, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
