Dyrosaurus is a genus of extinct crocodylomorph that lived during the early Eocene.[1] The name Dyrosaurus comes from sauros (σαῦρος) the Greek for lizard or reptile, and Dyr for Djebel Dyr (mountain) close to where the type species was discovered.[2] It was a large reptile with an estimated body length of 6.5 metres (21 ft).[3]
Although the family Dyrosauridae is quite diverse and contains a variety of species, the genus Dyrosaurus has only two described species: D. phosphaticus and D. maghribensis. D. phosphaticus was first discovered in Algeria and Tunisia whereas D. maghribensis has only been found in Morocco.[2]D. maghribensis differs from D. phosphaticus by several synapomorphies, most notably: a smooth dorsal margin of the parietal and widely opened choanae, interfenestral bar wide and strongly T-shaped instead of moderately T-shaped. In D. maghribensis the lateral and medial dorsal osteoderms are not sutured and have no serrated margin. The anterolateral margin of medial row of the dorsal osteoderms have a rounded lateral lobe and the lateral row of dorsal osteoderms are square in shape with rounded corners. In D. phosphaticus there are four longitudinal rows of square osteoderms that are thin and have shallow and wide pits. The osteoderms are square and the anterolateral margin of the medial dorsal osteoderms have an acute rounded process directed laterally.[2]Dyrosaurus have been inferred to have been ectothermic on the basis of bone histology and stable isotope analysis.[4]
History of discoveryedit
Restoration of the animalJaw and other fragments
French paleontologist Auguste Pomel named the genus Dyrosaurus in 1894 for Djebel Dyr, a mountain near Tebessa in Algeria where its fossilized vertebrae were found in a phosphate mine. The holotype named MNHN 1901-11 includes one tooth, one caudal vertebra, one distal extremity of an ulna and one distal extremity of a radius. The first remains of Dyrosaurus were named Crocodilus phosphaticus by Thomas (1893) for Early Eocene crocodyliform remains from Gafsa, Tunisia. Pomel eventually synonymized the type species D. thevestensis with C. phosphaticus to form the new combination D. phosphaticus, making phosphaticus the epithet of the Dyrosaurus type species.[5][6][7] In 1903, the family Dyrosauridae was named by Giuseppe de Stefano referring to the locality for the holotype was found in Djebel Dyr, Algeria.[8] Thévenin (1911a, 1911b), with some better preserved material, recognized that Dyrosaurus phosphaticus was a Lower Eocene crocodyliform. Many dyrosaurid remains are known, but unfortunately they are often poorly preserved which makes it difficult for paleontologists to get a strong understanding of the family.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abJouve, Stéphane; Iarochène, Mohamed; Bouya, Baâdi & Amaghzaz, Mbarek (2005). "A new dyrosaurid crocodyliform from the Palaeocene of Morocco and a phylogenetic analysis of Dyrosauridae". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (3): 581–594.
^ abcJouve, Stéphane; Iarochène, Mohamed; Bouya, Baâdi & Amaghzaz, Mbarek (2006). "A new species of Dyrosaurus (Crocodylomorpha, Dyrosauridae) from the early Eocene of Morocco: phylogenetic implications". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 148 (4): 603–656. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00241.x.
^Houssaye, A. (2013). "Bone histology of aquatic reptiles: what does it tell us about secondary adaptation to an aquatic life?". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 108 (1): 3–21. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02002.x.
^Faure-Brac, M.G.; Amiot, R.; de Muizon, C.; Cubo, J.; Lécuyer, C. (2021). "Combined paleohistological and isotopic inferences of thermometabolism in extinct Neosuchia, using Goniopholis and Dyrosaurus (Pseudosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) as case studies". Paleobiology. Cambridge University Press (for The Paleontological Society): 1–22. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.34.
^Jouve, Stéphane (1 March 2005). "A new description of the skull of Dyrosaurus phosphaticus (Thomas, 1893) (Mesoeucrocodylia: Dyrosauridae) from the Lower Eocene of North Africa". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (3): 323–337. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..323J. doi:10.1139/e05-008.
^Pomel, A. (1894). "Découverte de champsosauriens dans les gisements de phosphorite du suessonien de l'Algérie". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. 118: 1309–1310.
^Buffetaut E. 1985. L'évolution des crocodiliens. Les animaux disparus-Pour la science, Paris, p. 109
^Khosla, Ashu; Sertich, Joseph J. W.; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R. & Verma, Omkar (2009). "Dyrosaurid remains from the Intertrappean beds of India and the Late Cretaceous distribution of Dyrosauridae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1321–1326. doi:10.1671/039.029.0416. JSTOR 20627142. S2CID 130987967.
May 04, 2024
dyrosaurus, ornithopod, dinosaur, dryosaurus, genus, extinct, crocodylomorph, that, lived, during, early, eocene, name, comes, from, sauros, σαῦρος, greek, lizard, reptile, djebel, mountain, close, where, type, species, discovered, large, reptile, with, estima. For the ornithopod dinosaur see Dryosaurus Dyrosaurus is a genus of extinct crocodylomorph that lived during the early Eocene 1 The name Dyrosaurus comes from sauros saῦros the Greek for lizard or reptile and Dyr for Djebel Dyr mountain close to where the type species was discovered 2 It was a large reptile with an estimated body length of 6 5 metres 21 ft 3 DyrosaurusTemporal range early Eocene Ypresian 56 47 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Restored skeleton Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Clade Archosauria Clade Pseudosuchia Clade Crocodylomorpha Clade Crocodyliformes Family Dyrosauridae Genus DyrosaurusPomel 1894 Species D phosphaticus Thomas 1893 type D maghribensis Jouve et al 2006Species editAlthough the family Dyrosauridae is quite diverse and contains a variety of species the genus Dyrosaurus has only two described species D phosphaticus and D maghribensis D phosphaticus was first discovered in Algeria and Tunisia whereas D maghribensis has only been found in Morocco 2 D maghribensis differs from D phosphaticus by several synapomorphies most notably a smooth dorsal margin of the parietal and widely opened choanae interfenestral bar wide and strongly T shaped instead of moderately T shaped In D maghribensis the lateral and medial dorsal osteoderms are not sutured and have no serrated margin The anterolateral margin of medial row of the dorsal osteoderms have a rounded lateral lobe and the lateral row of dorsal osteoderms are square in shape with rounded corners In D phosphaticus there are four longitudinal rows of square osteoderms that are thin and have shallow and wide pits The osteoderms are square and the anterolateral margin of the medial dorsal osteoderms have an acute rounded process directed laterally 2 Dyrosaurus have been inferred to have been ectothermic on the basis of bone histology and stable isotope analysis 4 History of discovery edit nbsp Restoration of the animal nbsp Jaw and other fragments French paleontologist Auguste Pomel named the genus Dyrosaurus in 1894 for Djebel Dyr a mountain near Tebessa in Algeria where its fossilized vertebrae were found in a phosphate mine The holotype named MNHN 1901 11 includes one tooth one caudal vertebra one distal extremity of an ulna and one distal extremity of a radius The first remains of Dyrosaurus were named Crocodilus phosphaticus by Thomas 1893 for Early Eocene crocodyliform remains from Gafsa Tunisia Pomel eventually synonymized the type species D thevestensis with C phosphaticus to form the new combination D phosphaticus making phosphaticus the epithet of the Dyrosaurus type species 5 6 7 In 1903 the family Dyrosauridae was named by Giuseppe de Stefano referring to the locality for the holotype was found in Djebel Dyr Algeria 8 Thevenin 1911a 1911b with some better preserved material recognized that Dyrosaurus phosphaticus was a Lower Eocene crocodyliform Many dyrosaurid remains are known but unfortunately they are often poorly preserved which makes it difficult for paleontologists to get a strong understanding of the family 1 References edit a b Jouve Stephane Iarochene Mohamed Bouya Baadi amp Amaghzaz Mbarek 2005 A new dyrosaurid crocodyliform from the Palaeocene of Morocco and a phylogenetic analysis of Dyrosauridae Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 3 581 594 a b c Jouve Stephane Iarochene Mohamed Bouya Baadi amp Amaghzaz Mbarek 2006 A new species of Dyrosaurus Crocodylomorpha Dyrosauridae from the early Eocene of Morocco phylogenetic implications Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148 4 603 656 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 2006 00241 x Houssaye A 2013 Bone histology of aquatic reptiles what does it tell us about secondary adaptation to an aquatic life Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 108 1 3 21 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8312 2012 02002 x Faure Brac M G Amiot R de Muizon C Cubo J Lecuyer C 2021 Combined paleohistological and isotopic inferences of thermometabolism in extinct Neosuchia using Goniopholis and Dyrosaurus Pseudosuchia Crocodylomorpha as case studies Paleobiology Cambridge University Press for The Paleontological Society 1 22 doi 10 1017 pab 2021 34 Jouve Stephane 1 March 2005 A new description of the skull of Dyrosaurus phosphaticus Thomas 1893 Mesoeucrocodylia Dyrosauridae from the Lower Eocene of North Africa Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42 3 323 337 Bibcode 2005CaJES 42 323J doi 10 1139 e05 008 Pomel A 1894 Decouverte de champsosauriens dans les gisements de phosphorite du suessonien de l Algerie Comptes rendus de l Academie des Sciences 118 1309 1310 Buffetaut E 1985 L evolution des crocodiliens Les animaux disparus Pour la science Paris p 109 Khosla Ashu Sertich Joseph J W Prasad Guntupalli V R amp Verma Omkar 2009 Dyrosaurid remains from the Intertrappean beds of India and the Late Cretaceous distribution of Dyrosauridae Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 4 1321 1326 doi 10 1671 039 029 0416 JSTOR 20627142 S2CID 130987967 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dyrosaurus amp oldid 1166940488, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
