The architectural form of the Polish manor house evolved around the late Polish Renaissance period and continued until the Second World War, which, together with the communist takeover of Poland, spelled the end of the nobility in Poland. A 1944 decree nationalized most mansions as property of the nobility; few were adapted to other purposes and many slowly fell into ruin. A vast majority of such mansions remain unused and are slowly deteriorating.
During the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish nobility built manor houses in the countryside. This was a preferred location for one's residence, as the nobility, following the sarmatism ideology, felt contempt for the cities, even though members of this elite also had residences in a major city or town (but, these were large lateral apartments rather than town houses).
The vast majority of such countryside manors in the beginning were made of wood.[2][3] They tended to fall into two types: rare palaces of the magnates, and smaller, one-story houses, in which wood was the most common building material.[3] Starting with the Renaissance period, mansions built with masonwork appeared, often designed to enhance their defensive characteristics.[2][4] Although early on, such mansions were often designed as defensive mini-fortresses, over time - around the baroque period - the defensive function began to disappear.[2][4]
The smallest ones had 2-4 rooms. Larger ones would have many more, including guest rooms and a chapel. Magnates' palaces would even boast their own opera house.[3] Common furniture included benches, cupboards, tables, beds and small chairs, commonly made from tilia wood.[3] Rarer furniture would include chests and wardrobes. Furniture was often painted (green being the most common color),[3] sometimes engraved and inlaid. Walls were often painted with floral or moral and historical motifs, and decorated with Oriental (Persian, Turkish) or West European (Belgian, Flemish, French) tapestries and rugs, coats of arms, portraits, mirrors, weapons and trophies.[2][3] Floors were wooden. Ceilings were carved and decorated with various hanging decorations (including candelabras).[3] Windows in the richest mansions would be fitted with Venetian glass, and the rest would use green glass or waxed canvas.[3] Stoves were common. Depending on a family's wealth, they would be made of materials from rough earthenware to porcelain and alabaster.[3]
Early renaissance mansions were based on a rectangular design, with corner chambers (alkierze) and a porch.[5] The roof was a Polish variant of the hip roof (pl:Łamany dach polski) covered with shakes.[4] In the baroque period, alkierze were replaced by risalits, and mansard roofs appeared.[2][4] The Classicism period saw porches replaced by porticos with tympanums.[4][5]
The dwór style design was also popular in the Second Polish Republic (Polish: styl narodowy or styl dworkowy), and is still inspiring some modern Polish manors.[2][4]
^ abcdefghiNorman Davies, God's Playground, a History of Poland: The origins to 1795, Columbia University Press, 1982, ISBN0-231-05351-7, Google Print, p.246-247
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January 07, 2023
manor, houses, polish, nobility, manor, house, polish, nobility, called, dwór, dworek, polish, Żelazowa, wola, birthplace, fryderyk, chopin, minor, outbuildings, manor, house, large, manor, Łopuszna, with, mansard, roof, typical, polish, manors, interior, mano. A manor house of Polish nobility is called dwor 1 or dworek in Polish Zelazowa Wola the birthplace of Fryderyk Chopin one of two minor outbuildings of the Manor house A large manor in Lopuszna with a mansard roof typical to all Polish manors Interior of a manor house that once belonged to Wincenty Pol Lublin The architectural form of the Polish manor house evolved around the late Polish Renaissance period and continued until the Second World War which together with the communist takeover of Poland spelled the end of the nobility in Poland A 1944 decree nationalized most mansions as property of the nobility few were adapted to other purposes and many slowly fell into ruin A vast majority of such mansions remain unused and are slowly deteriorating Contents 1 Architectural history 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksArchitectural history EditDuring the times of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish nobility built manor houses in the countryside This was a preferred location for one s residence as the nobility following the sarmatism ideology felt contempt for the cities even though members of this elite also had residences in a major city or town but these were large lateral apartments rather than town houses The vast majority of such countryside manors in the beginning were made of wood 2 3 They tended to fall into two types rare palaces of the magnates and smaller one story houses in which wood was the most common building material 3 Starting with the Renaissance period mansions built with masonwork appeared often designed to enhance their defensive characteristics 2 4 Although early on such mansions were often designed as defensive mini fortresses over time around the baroque period the defensive function began to disappear 2 4 The smallest ones had 2 4 rooms Larger ones would have many more including guest rooms and a chapel Magnates palaces would even boast their own opera house 3 Common furniture included benches cupboards tables beds and small chairs commonly made from tilia wood 3 Rarer furniture would include chests and wardrobes Furniture was often painted green being the most common color 3 sometimes engraved and inlaid Walls were often painted with floral or moral and historical motifs and decorated with Oriental Persian Turkish or West European Belgian Flemish French tapestries and rugs coats of arms portraits mirrors weapons and trophies 2 3 Floors were wooden Ceilings were carved and decorated with various hanging decorations including candelabras 3 Windows in the richest mansions would be fitted with Venetian glass and the rest would use green glass or waxed canvas 3 Stoves were common Depending on a family s wealth they would be made of materials from rough earthenware to porcelain and alabaster 3 Early renaissance mansions were based on a rectangular design with corner chambers alkierze and a porch 5 The roof was a Polish variant of the hip roof pl Lamany dach polski covered with shakes 4 In the baroque period alkierze were replaced by risalits and mansard roofs appeared 2 4 The Classicism period saw porches replaced by porticos with tympanums 4 5 The dwor style design was also popular in the Second Polish Republic Polish styl narodowy or styl dworkowy and is still inspiring some modern Polish manors 2 4 See also EditHouses in Poland Polish architectureReferences Edit Note Here dwor literally court corresponds to the use of the word Court in the names of British manor houses a b c d e f in Polish Dwor Interia Encyklopedia a b c d e f g h i Norman Davies God s Playground a History of Poland The origins to 1795 Columbia University Press 1982 ISBN 0 231 05351 7 Google Print p 246 247 a b c d e f in Polish Dwor WIEM Encyklopedia a b in Polish Dwor PWN EncyklopediaExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manors in Poland Look up dwor in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Manor houses of Polish nobility amp oldid 1081354386, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
