Dutch Malacca (1641–1825) was the longest period that Malacca was under foreign control. The Dutch ruled for almost 183 years with intermittent British occupation during the Napoleonic Wars (1795–1815). This era saw relative peace with little serious interruption from the Malay sultanates due to the understanding forged between the Dutch and the Sultanate of Johor in 1606. This time also marked the decline of the importance of Malacca. The Dutch preferred Batavia (present-day Jakarta) as their economic and administrative centre in the region and their hold in Malacca was to prevent the loss of the city to other European powers and, subsequently, the competition that would come with it. Thus, in the 17th century, with Malacca ceased to be an important port, the Johor Sultanate became the dominant local power in the region due to the opening of its ports and the alliance with the Dutch.
Dutch City and Fort of Malacca
De Stad en Kasteel Malacca (nl) Melaka Belanda (ms)
In the early 17th century, the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC) began the campaign to usurp Portuguese power in the East. At that time, the Portuguese had transformed Malacca into an impregnable fortress (the Fortaleza de Malaca), controlling access to the sea lanes of the Straits of Malacca and the spice trade there. The Dutch started by launching small incursions and skirmishes against the Portuguese. The first serious attempt was the siege of Malacca in 1606 by the third VOC fleet from the Dutch Republic with eleven ships, under Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge that led to the naval battle of Cape Rachado. Although the Dutch were routed, the Portuguese fleet of Martim Afonso de Castro, the Viceroy of Goa, suffered heavier casualties and the battle rallied the forces of the Sultanate of Johor in an alliance with the Dutch and later on with the Acehnese.
The Dutch along with their local Javanese allies numbered around 700 men, assaulted and wrested Malacca from the Portuguese in January 1641. Assistance was also provided to the Dutch also received help from the Johor Sultanate of around an additional 500–600 men. The Dutch also received supplies and rations from nearby and their recently-captured base of Batavia.[1] The campaign effectively destroyed the last bastion of Portuguese power, removing their influence in the Malay archipelago. As per the agreement with Johor in 1606, the Dutch took control of Malacca and agreed not to seek territories or wage war with the Malay kingdoms.
Administration of Malacca
The construction of the Bastion Middelburg was carried out in 1660. It is strategically located at the mouth of Malacca River.
Malacca was controlled as a colony of the VOC. All the chief administrators of Malacca were Dutch governors except for the brief period that the city was under British Residents during the Napoleonic Wars. However, focus on the administration of Malacca eventually waned by the Dutch as they preferred to focus on Batavia.[2] The governors and residents list is as follows:
The Dutch improved and expanded the Portuguese fortress as well as renovating the fortress' gate in 1670, they further built walls to protect the harbour and expanded city.[citation needed] During the mid-17th century the city hall or Stadthuys was constructed and served as the administrative center of the Dutch colony, the building still stands today.[3]
^Leupe, P.A.; Hacobian, Mac (1936). "The Siege and Capture of Malacca from the Portuguese in 1640-1641". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 14 (1 (124)): i–iii, 1–178. ISSN 2304-7550. JSTOR 41559848. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
^Lowey-Ball, ShawnaKim Blake (2015). Liquid Market, Solid State: The rise and demise of the great global emporium at Malacca, 1400-1641 - ProQuest (Thesis). Retrieved 7 November 2022.
^HUSSIN, NORDIN (2002). "A Tale of Two Colonial Port-Towns in the Straits of Melaka: Dutch Melaka and English Penang". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 75 (2 (283)): 85. ISSN 0126-7353. JSTOR 41493474.
Further reading
De Witt, Dennis (2007). History of the Dutch in Malaysia. Malaysia: Nutmeg Publishing. ISBN978-983-43519-0-8.
dutch, malacca, 1641, 1825, longest, period, that, malacca, under, foreign, control, dutch, ruled, almost, years, with, intermittent, british, occupation, during, napoleonic, wars, 1795, 1815, this, relative, peace, with, little, serious, interruption, from, m. Dutch Malacca 1641 1825 was the longest period that Malacca was under foreign control The Dutch ruled for almost 183 years with intermittent British occupation during the Napoleonic Wars 1795 1815 This era saw relative peace with little serious interruption from the Malay sultanates due to the understanding forged between the Dutch and the Sultanate of Johor in 1606 This time also marked the decline of the importance of Malacca The Dutch preferred Batavia present day Jakarta as their economic and administrative centre in the region and their hold in Malacca was to prevent the loss of the city to other European powers and subsequently the competition that would come with it Thus in the 17th century with Malacca ceased to be an important port the Johor Sultanate became the dominant local power in the region due to the opening of its ports and the alliance with the Dutch Dutch City and Fort of MalaccaDe Stad en Kasteel Malacca nl Melaka Belanda ms 1641 17951818 1825Flag until 1795 Coat of armsMalacca shown within modern MalaysiaDutch Malacca ca 1724 26StatusDutch colonyCapitalMalacca TownCommon languagesDutch MalayGovernor 1641 42Jan van Twist 1824 25Hendrik S van SonBritish Resident 1795Archibald Brown 1803 18William FarquharHistorical eraImperialism Established14 January 1641 British occupation1795 1818 Relinquished by treaty1 March 1825Preceded by Succeeded byPortuguese Malacca Straits Settlements Contents 1 Dutch conquest of Portuguese Malacca 2 Administration of Malacca 2 1 Governors of Malacca 3 The town and fortress of Malacca 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingDutch conquest of Portuguese Malacca Edit Dutch Malacca ca 1665 In the early 17th century the Dutch East India Company Dutch Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie VOC began the campaign to usurp Portuguese power in the East At that time the Portuguese had transformed Malacca into an impregnable fortress the Fortaleza de Malaca controlling access to the sea lanes of the Straits of Malacca and the spice trade there The Dutch started by launching small incursions and skirmishes against the Portuguese The first serious attempt was the siege of Malacca in 1606 by the third VOC fleet from the Dutch Republic with eleven ships under Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge that led to the naval battle of Cape Rachado Although the Dutch were routed the Portuguese fleet of Martim Afonso de Castro the Viceroy of Goa suffered heavier casualties and the battle rallied the forces of the Sultanate of Johor in an alliance with the Dutch and later on with the Acehnese The Dutch along with their local Javanese allies numbered around 700 men assaulted and wrested Malacca from the Portuguese in January 1641 Assistance was also provided to the Dutch also received help from the Johor Sultanate of around an additional 500 600 men The Dutch also received supplies and rations from nearby and their recently captured base of Batavia 1 The campaign effectively destroyed the last bastion of Portuguese power removing their influence in the Malay archipelago As per the agreement with Johor in 1606 the Dutch took control of Malacca and agreed not to seek territories or wage war with the Malay kingdoms Administration of Malacca Edit The construction of the Bastion Middelburg was carried out in 1660 It is strategically located at the mouth of Malacca River The Dutch Square with Christ Church left built in 1753 and the Stadthuys right Malacca was controlled as a colony of the VOC All the chief administrators of Malacca were Dutch governors except for the brief period that the city was under British Residents during the Napoleonic Wars However focus on the administration of Malacca eventually waned by the Dutch as they preferred to focus on Batavia 2 The governors and residents list is as follows Governors of Malacca Edit Governors of Dutch Malacca 1641 1795 Governors From UntilJohan van Twist id nl 1641 1642Jeremias van Vliet de nl th 1642 1645Arnout de Vlamingh van Oudtshoorn 1645 1646Jan Thyszoon Payart 1646 1662Jan Anthonisz van Riebeeck 1662 1665Balthasar Bort nl 1665 1679Jacob Joriszoon Pits 1679 1680Cornelis van Quaelberg 1680 1684Nikolaas Schaghen 1684 1685Francois Tack 1685 1686Dirk Komans 1st time 1686 1686Thomas Slicher 1686 1691Dirk Komans 2nd time 1691 1692Gelmer Vosberg 1692 1697Goevert van Hoorn 1697 1700Bernhard Phoonsen 1700 1704Johan Grotenhuys acting 1704 1704Karel Bolner 1704 1707Pieter Rooselaar 1707 1709Willem Six 1709 1711Willem Moerman 1711 1717Herman van Suchtelen nl 1717 1726Johan Frederik Gobius 1726 1730Pieter Rochus Pasques de Chavonnes 1730 1735Roger de Laver 1735 1741Willem Bernard Albinus 1741 1748Pieter van Heemskerk 1748 1753Willem Dekker 1753 1758David Boelen 1758 1764Thomas Schippers 1764 1771Jan Crans 1771 1775Pieter Gerardus de Bruijn 1775 1788Abraham Couperus id 1788 1795 British Residents of Malacca 1795 1818 Residents From UntilArchibald Brown 1795 1795Thomas Parr 1795 1796Richard Tolson 1796 1797David Campbell 1797 1798Aldwell Taylor 1798 1803Willem Jacob Cranssen Dutch Governor 1802William Farquhar 1803 1818 Governors of Dutch Malacca 1818 1825 Governors From UntilJan Samuel Timmermann Thijssen 1818 1822Adriaan Koek acting 1822 1824Hendrik Stephanus van Son 1824 1825The town and fortress of Malacca EditThe Dutch improved and expanded the Portuguese fortress as well as renovating the fortress gate in 1670 they further built walls to protect the harbour and expanded city citation needed During the mid 17th century the city hall or Stadthuys was constructed and served as the administrative center of the Dutch colony the building still stands today 3 The town and fortress of Malacca in 1780 Dutch graves in the ruined St Paul s Church Dutch GraveyardSee also EditDutch GraveyardReferences Edit Leupe P A Hacobian Mac 1936 The Siege and Capture of Malacca from the Portuguese in 1640 1641 Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 14 1 124 i iii 1 178 ISSN 2304 7550 JSTOR 41559848 Retrieved 7 November 2022 Lowey Ball ShawnaKim Blake 2015 Liquid Market Solid State The rise and demise of the great global emporium at Malacca 1400 1641 ProQuest Thesis Retrieved 7 November 2022 HUSSIN NORDIN 2002 A Tale of Two Colonial Port Towns in the Straits of Melaka Dutch Melaka and English Penang Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 75 2 283 85 ISSN 0126 7353 JSTOR 41493474 Further reading EditDe Witt Dennis 2007 History of the Dutch in Malaysia Malaysia Nutmeg Publishing ISBN 978 983 43519 0 8 Coordinates 2 11 20 N 102 23 4 E 2 18889 N 102 38444 E 2 18889 102 38444 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dutch Malacca amp oldid 1135130750, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
