The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed on 4 March 1947, between France and the United Kingdom in Dunkirk (France) as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance against a possible German attack in the aftermath of World War II. It entered into force on 8 September 1947 and according with article VI paragraph 2 of its text it remained in force for a period of fifty years.
Treaty of Dunkirk
Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and France
Since the end of World War II, sovereignEuropean countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (or pooled sovereignty) in an increasing number of areas, in the European integration project or the construction of Europe (French: la construction européenne). The following timeline outlines the legal inception of the European Union (EU)—the principal framework for this unification. The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from the European Communities (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the Schuman Declaration.
Legend: S: signing F: entry into force T: termination E: expiry de facto supersession Rel. w/ EC/EU framework: de facto inside outside
^ abcdeAlthough not EU treaties per se, these treaties affected the development of the EU defence arm, a main part of the CFSP. The Franco-British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty was de facto superseded by WU. The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955 Modified Brussels Treaty (MBT). The Brussels Treaty was terminated in 2011, consequently dissolving the WEU, as the mutual defence clause that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous. The EU thus de facto superseded the WEU.
^Between the EU's founding in 1993 and consolidation in 2009, the union consisted of three pillars, the first of which were the European Communities. The other two pillars consisted of additional areas of cooperation that had been added to the EU's remit.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Treaty of Dunkirk news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed on 4 March 1947 between France and the United Kingdom in Dunkirk France as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance against a possible German attack in the aftermath of World War II It entered into force on 8 September 1947 and according with article VI paragraph 2 of its text it remained in force for a period of fifty years Treaty of DunkirkTreaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and FranceTypeMutual defence treatySigned4 March 1947LocationDunkirk FranceEffective8 September 1947Expiration8 September 1997Parties France United KingdomLanguagesEnglish and FrenchFull textTreaty of Dunkirk at Wikisource According to Marc Trachtenberg the German threat was a pretext for defense against the USSR 1 This Treaty preceded the Treaty of Brussels of 1948 also known as Brussels Pact which established the Western Union among Belgium France Luxembourg the Netherlands and the United Kingdom that became Western European Union in 1955 after the entry into force of the Treaty of Brussels of 1954 also known as Modified Brussels Treaty MBT when Italy and West Germany were admitted Since the end of World War II sovereign European countries have entered into treaties and thereby co operated and harmonised policies or pooled sovereignty in an increasing number of areas in the European integration project or the construction of Europe French la construction europeenne The following timeline outlines the legal inception of the European Union EU the principal framework for this unification The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from the European Communities EC which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the Schuman Declaration Legend S signing F entry into force T termination E expiry de facto supersession Rel w EC EU framework de facto inside outside European Union EU Cont European Communities EC Pillar I European Atomic Energy Community EAEC or Euratom Cont European Coal and Steel Community ECSC Distr of competences European Economic Community EEC Schengen Rules European Community EC TREVI Justice and Home Affairs JHA pillar II North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO Cont Police and Judicial Co operation in Criminal Matters PJCC pillar II Anglo French alliance Defence arm handed to NATO European Political Co operation EPC Common Foreign and Security Policy CFSP pillar III Western Union WU Western European Union WEU Tasks defined following the WEU s 1984 reactivation handed to the EU Social cultural tasks handed to CoE Cont vte Council of Europe CoE Entente CordialeS 8 April 1904 Dunkirk Treaty i S 4 March 1947F 8 September 1947E 8 September 1997 Brussels Treaty i S 17 March 1948F 25 August 1948T 30 June 2011 London and Washington treaties i S 5 May 4 April 1949F 3 August 24 August 1949 Paris treaties ECSC and EDC ii S 18 April 1951 27 May 1952F 23 July 1952 E 23 July 2002 Protocol Modifying andCompleting the Brussels Treaty i S 23 October 1954F 6 May 1955 Rome treaties EEC and EAECS 25 March 1957F 1 January 1958 WEU CoE agreement i S 21 October 1959F 1 January 1960 Brussels Merger Treaty iii S 8 April 1965F 1 July 1967 Davignon reportS 27 October 1970 European Council conclusionsS 2 December 1975 Single European Act SEA S 17 28 February 1986F 1 July 1987 Schengen Treaty and ConventionS 14 June 1985 19 June 1990F 26 March 1995 Maastricht Treaty iv v S 7 February 1992F 1 November 1993 Amsterdam TreatyS 2 October 1997F 1 May 1999 Nice TreatyS 26 February 2001F 1 February 2003 Lisbon Treaty vi S 13 December 2007F 1 December 2009 a b c d e Although not EU treaties per se these treaties affected the development of the EU defence arm a main part of the CFSP The Franco British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty was de facto superseded by WU The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955 Modified Brussels Treaty MBT The Brussels Treaty was terminated in 2011 consequently dissolving the WEU as the mutual defence clause that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous The EU thus de facto superseded the WEU Plans to establish a European Political Community EPC were shelved following the French failure to ratify the Treaty establishing the European Defence Community EDC The EPC would have combined the ECSC and the EDC The European Communities obtained common institutions and a shared legal personality i e ability to e g sign treaties in their own right The treaties of Maastricht and Rome form the EU s legal basis and are also referred to as the Treaty on European Union TEU and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union TFEU respectively They are amended by secondary treaties Between the EU s founding in 1993 and consolidation in 2009 the union consisted of three pillars the first of which were the European Communities The other two pillars consisted of additional areas of cooperation that had been added to the EU s remit The consolidation meant that the EU inherited the European Communities legal personality and that the pillar system was abolished resulting in the EU framework as such covering all policy areas Executive legislative power in each area was instead determined by a distribution of competencies between EU institutions and member states This distribution as well as treaty provisions for policy areas in which unanimity is required and qualified majority voting is possible reflects the depth of EU integration as well as the EU s partly supranational and partly intergovernmental nature See also editTreaty of Brussels Western Union North Atlantic Treaty Treaty establishing the European Defence CommunityReferences edit Trachtenberg Mark 1998 A Constructed Peace Appendices sscnet ucla edu polisci faculty trachtenberg Archived from the original on 11 January 2002 Further reading edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Treaty of Dunkirk Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and France Signing of the Treaty of Dunkirk nbsp This article about the European Union is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Treaty of Dunkirk amp oldid 1209790127, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
