Byrrhoidea is a superfamily of beetles belonging to Elateriformia[1] that includes several families which are either aquatic or associated with a semi-aquatic habitat. Other than the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, most of the remaining Polyphagan beetles which are aquatic are in this superfamily.
Adults of many Byrrhoidea have exocone eyes (with expanded corneal lens). The anterior edge of the scutellar shield is often abruptly elevated (except in Psephenidae and Cneoglossidae). A variety of byrrhoids have the first three abdominal ventrites solidly fused together.[2]
Larvae of most Limnichidae have one pair of anal hooks on the tenth abdominal segment, while Cneoglossidae and Ptilodactylidae have three or more hooks on each side of this segment. Larvae of Lutrochidae and Elmidae, as well as the limnichid genus Hyphalus, have anal gill tufts. Almost all byrrhoid larvae have anterior abdominal spiracles that are biforous (or bilabiate) in shape.[2]
The degree of wing development varies among Byrrhoidea, with macroptery (wings fully developed), brachyptery (wings reduced), microptery (wings reduced to small remnants) and aptery (no wings) all occurring in the superfamily. Within family Elmidae, subfamily Larainae has only macropterous wings, while other wing types are common in subfamily Elminae. Within family Dryopidae, the genera with aquatic or semiaquatic adults are almost always macropterous, while genera with terrestrial adults are almost always apterous and the subterranean Stygoparnus is micropterous.[3]
Ecologyedit
Byrrhoids mainly occur in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, including rapid cool streams, underneath rocks and wood in flowing water, waterside vegetation and rocks, emergent vegetation in water, damp soil and sandy shorelines.[4][5][6][7][8] The Dryopidae are notable in that while their adults live in or near water, their larvae are usually terrestrial.[5]
Byrrhoidea in its current state may not be monophyletic.[9] Multiple studies have found Buprestoidea to be nested within it.[2][10] Recent phylogenies have split out the grouping Dryopoidea, including Dryopidae, Elmidae, Limnichidae, Heteroceridae, Chelonariidae, Eulichadidae, Callirphidae, Ptilodactylidae and the extinct family Mastigocoleidae.[11][12], with phylogenies finding the group more closely related to Elateroidea than to Byrhhidae.[12]
Referencesedit
^Kundrata, Robin; Bocakova, Milada; Bocak, Ladislav (July 2014). "The comprehensive phylogeny of the superfamily Elateroidea (Coleoptera: Elateriformia)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 76: 162–171. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.012. PMID 24680915.
^ abcLawrence, John F.; Ślipiński, Adam; Seago, Ainsley E.; Thayer, Margaret K.; Newton, Alfred F.; Marvaldi, Adriana E. (2011). "Phylogeny of the Coleoptera Based on Morphological Characters of Adults and Larvae". Annales Zoologici. 61 (1): 1–217. doi:10.3161/000345411X576725. ISSN 0003-4541. S2CID 86592276.
^Shepard, William D. (2019-03-25). "Flight Wing Polymorphisms in Elmidae and Dryopidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 73 (1): 27. doi:10.1649/0010-065X-73.1.27. ISSN 0010-065X. S2CID 109349094.
^Beutel, Rolf G.; Leschen, Richard A.B., eds. (2016-03-21), "19. Byrrhoidea Latreille, 1804", Coleoptera, Beetles. Morphology and Systematics, De Gruyter, pp. 553–654, doi:10.1515/9783110373929-022, ISBN978-3-11-037392-9, retrieved 2022-11-29
^Kundrata, Robin; Jäch, Manfred A.; Bocak, Ladislav (2017). "Molecular phylogeny of the Byrrhoidea-Buprestoidea complex (Coleoptera, Elateriformia)". Zoologica Scripta. 46 (2): 150–164. doi:10.1111/zsc.12196. S2CID 88952348.
^Tihelka, Erik; Jäch, Manfred A; Kundrata, Robin; Li, Yan-Da; Engel, Michael S; Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus; Huang, Diying; Cai, Chenyang (2022-05-01). Marvaldi, Adriana (ed.). "Mastigocoleidae fam. nov., a New Mesozoic Beetle Family and the Early Evolution of Dryopoidea (Coleoptera)". Insect Systematics and Diversity. 6 (3): 3. doi:10.1093/isd/ixac011. hdl:2445/194667. ISSN 2399-3421.
^ abCai, Chenyang; Tihelka, Erik; Giacomelli, Mattia; Lawrence, John F.; Ślipiński, Adam; Kundrata, Robin; Yamamoto, Shûhei; Thayer, Margaret K.; Newton, Alfred F.; Leschen, Richard A. B.; Gimmel, Matthew L.; Lü, Liang; Engel, Michael S.; Bouchard, Patrice; Huang, Diying (23 March 2022). "Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles". Royal Society Open Science. 9 (3): 211771. Bibcode:2022RSOS....911771C. doi:10.1098/rsos.211771. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC8941382. PMID 35345430.
External linksedit
Data related to Byrrhoidea at Wikispecies
April 11, 2024
byrrhoidea, superfamily, beetles, belonging, elateriformia, that, includes, several, families, which, either, aquatic, associated, with, semi, aquatic, habitat, other, than, superfamily, hydrophiloidea, most, remaining, polyphagan, beetles, which, aquatic, thi. Byrrhoidea is a superfamily of beetles belonging to Elateriformia 1 that includes several families which are either aquatic or associated with a semi aquatic habitat Other than the superfamily Hydrophiloidea most of the remaining Polyphagan beetles which are aquatic are in this superfamily Pill beetles and alliesByrrhus pilulaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder ColeopteraSuborder PolyphagaInfraorder ElateriformiaSuperfamily ByrrhoideaFamiliesByrrhidae pill beetlesCallirhipidae cedar beetlesChelonariidae turtle beetlesCneoglossidaeDryopidae long toed water beetlesElmidae riffle beetlesEulichadidae forest stream beetlesHeteroceridae variegated mud loving beetlesLimnichidae minute mud beetlesLutrochidae travertine beetlesPsephenidae water penniesPtilodactylidae Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Phylogeny 4 References 5 External linksDescription editAdults of many Byrrhoidea have exocone eyes with expanded corneal lens The anterior edge of the scutellar shield is often abruptly elevated except in Psephenidae and Cneoglossidae A variety of byrrhoids have the first three abdominal ventrites solidly fused together 2 Larvae of most Limnichidae have one pair of anal hooks on the tenth abdominal segment while Cneoglossidae and Ptilodactylidae have three or more hooks on each side of this segment Larvae of Lutrochidae and Elmidae as well as the limnichid genus Hyphalus have anal gill tufts Almost all byrrhoid larvae have anterior abdominal spiracles that are biforous or bilabiate in shape 2 The degree of wing development varies among Byrrhoidea with macroptery wings fully developed brachyptery wings reduced microptery wings reduced to small remnants and aptery no wings all occurring in the superfamily Within family Elmidae subfamily Larainae has only macropterous wings while other wing types are common in subfamily Elminae Within family Dryopidae the genera with aquatic or semiaquatic adults are almost always macropterous while genera with terrestrial adults are almost always apterous and the subterranean Stygoparnus is micropterous 3 Ecology editByrrhoids mainly occur in aquatic and semi aquatic habitats including rapid cool streams underneath rocks and wood in flowing water waterside vegetation and rocks emergent vegetation in water damp soil and sandy shorelines 4 5 6 7 8 The Dryopidae are notable in that while their adults live in or near water their larvae are usually terrestrial 5 Byrrhoids are generally herbivorous feeding on algae moss liverworts lichens or grass roots 4 5 6 7 8 Phylogeny editByrrhoidea in its current state may not be monophyletic 9 Multiple studies have found Buprestoidea to be nested within it 2 10 Recent phylogenies have split out the grouping Dryopoidea including Dryopidae Elmidae Limnichidae Heteroceridae Chelonariidae Eulichadidae Callirphidae Ptilodactylidae and the extinct family Mastigocoleidae 11 12 with phylogenies finding the group more closely related to Elateroidea than to Byrhhidae 12 References edit Kundrata Robin Bocakova Milada Bocak Ladislav July 2014 The comprehensive phylogeny of the superfamily Elateroidea Coleoptera Elateriformia Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 76 162 171 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2014 03 012 PMID 24680915 a b c Lawrence John F Slipinski Adam Seago Ainsley E Thayer Margaret K Newton Alfred F Marvaldi Adriana E 2011 Phylogeny of the Coleoptera Based on Morphological Characters of Adults and Larvae Annales Zoologici 61 1 1 217 doi 10 3161 000345411X576725 ISSN 0003 4541 S2CID 86592276 Shepard William D 2019 03 25 Flight Wing Polymorphisms in Elmidae and Dryopidae Coleoptera Byrrhoidea The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 1 27 doi 10 1649 0010 065X 73 1 27 ISSN 0010 065X S2CID 109349094 a b Family Byrrhidae Pill Beetles bugguide net Retrieved 2022 11 30 a b c Family Dryopidae Long toed Water Beetles bugguide net Retrieved 2022 11 30 a b Family Elmidae Riffle Beetles bugguide net Retrieved 2022 11 30 a b Family Psephenidae Water Penny Beetles bugguide net Retrieved 2022 11 30 a b Family Limnichidae Minute Marsh loving Beetles bugguide net Retrieved 2022 11 30 Beutel Rolf G Leschen Richard A B eds 2016 03 21 19 Byrrhoidea Latreille 1804 Coleoptera Beetles Morphology and Systematics De Gruyter pp 553 654 doi 10 1515 9783110373929 022 ISBN 978 3 11 037392 9 retrieved 2022 11 29 Kundrata Robin Jach Manfred A Bocak Ladislav 2017 Molecular phylogeny of the Byrrhoidea Buprestoidea complex Coleoptera Elateriformia Zoologica Scripta 46 2 150 164 doi 10 1111 zsc 12196 S2CID 88952348 Tihelka Erik Jach Manfred A Kundrata Robin Li Yan Da Engel Michael S Lozano Fernandez Jesus Huang Diying Cai Chenyang 2022 05 01 Marvaldi Adriana ed Mastigocoleidae fam nov a New Mesozoic Beetle Family and the Early Evolution of Dryopoidea Coleoptera Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 3 3 doi 10 1093 isd ixac011 hdl 2445 194667 ISSN 2399 3421 a b Cai Chenyang Tihelka Erik Giacomelli Mattia Lawrence John F Slipinski Adam Kundrata Robin Yamamoto Shuhei Thayer Margaret K Newton Alfred F Leschen Richard A B Gimmel Matthew L Lu Liang Engel Michael S Bouchard Patrice Huang Diying 23 March 2022 Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles Royal Society Open Science 9 3 211771 Bibcode 2022RSOS 911771C doi 10 1098 rsos 211771 ISSN 2054 5703 PMC 8941382 PMID 35345430 External links edit nbsp Data related to Byrrhoidea at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Byrrhoidea amp oldid 1170116835, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
