The drug policy of the Soviet Union changed little throughout the existence of the state, other than slowly becoming more repressive,[1][2][3] although some differences in penalties existed in the different Union Republics.[4] However, the prevalence of drug addiction remained reportedly low as first claimed by Soviet authorities[5][6] which later (under Mikhail Gorbachev) acknowledged a much larger problem;[7][8] at least to drugs other than alcohol or tobacco;[4][9] however, the rates of addiction increased in post-Soviet states.[2][9][10][11][12][13]
Legislation against drugs first appeared in post-revolutionary Russia, in Article 104-d of the 1922 Penal Code of the RSFSR,[14] criminalising drug production, trafficking, and possession with intent to traffic. The 1924 Soviet Constitution expanded this legislation to cover the whole Soviet Union.[15] The 1926 Penal Code of the RSFSR suggested imprisonment or corrective labour for between one and three years as punishment for these offences, depending on the scale of the offence committed. Drug possession without intention to traffic and the personal use of drugs warranted no penalties at this time.
Drug regulation remained largely untouched in the Soviet Union until 1974, when the Supreme Soviet issued a Decree entitled 'On Reinforcement of the Fight Against Drug Addiction'.[16] This Decree was reproduced in Article 224 of the Penal Codes of all the Republics of the USSR, and not only increased the penalties for the offences mentioned above to between ten and fifteen years' imprisonment, but for the first time criminalised possession of drugs without intent to traffic, bringing a penalty of up to three years in prison. Additional offences of 'seducing another person to narcotic drugs', punishable by up to five years' imprisonment, and the theft of narcotics, punishable by between five and fifteen years' imprisonment, were also created. The term 'narcotics' used here referred to all drugs listed by UN Conventions, not just opiates.[1]
A further decree issued in 1987 made a conviction for the above offences within a year of an earlier conviction for the same violation of the law liable to punishment of up to two years' imprisonment or corrective labor. Sergei Lebedev, the Chairman of the Association of Independent Advocates in Leningrad at the time, argued that the steady escalation of criminal penalties for drug use was "indicative of the Soviet authorities’ resignation to their complete inability to solve drug problems in a constructive and humane way".[17]
Treatment
Treatment was performed in various different ways depending on the substance the patient was addicted to: a physician would usually administer their drug of choice in small doses for maintenance, which was done to reduce the intensity of the withdrawal symptoms.[1]
^ abcLatypov, Alisher B. (30 December 2011). "The Soviet doctor and the treatment of drug addiction: "A difficult and most ungracious task"" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. London, England, United Kingdom: BioMed Central Ltd. 8 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-32. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. OCLC 818986724. PMC3275499. PMID 22208726.
^ abKauschanski, Alexander (11 November 2019). Written at Moscow, Russia. Limbourg, Peter (ed.). . Deutsche Welle. Bonn, Germany. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
^Bird, Michael (12 November 2013). Shaw, Craig (ed.). . The Black Sea. Bucharest, Romania. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022.
^ abConroy, Mary Schaeffer (1 July 1990). "Abuse of Drugs other than Alcohol and Tobacco in the Soviet Union". Soviet Studies. London, England, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 42 (3): 447–480. doi:10.1080/09668139008411881. ISSN 0966-8136. JSTOR 152045. LCCN 93645761. OCLC 760957849.
^Grogan, Louise (1 April 2006). "Alcoholism, Tobacco, and Drug Use in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union". Substance Use & Misuse. London, England, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 41 (4): 564–571. doi:10.1080/10826080500521664. ISSN 1082-6084. LCCN 2006268261. OCLC 901021821. PMID 16522564. S2CID 45417699. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
^Kramer, John M. (1992). "Drug Abuse in the USSR". In Joyce, Walter; White, Stephen (eds.). Social Change and Social Issues in the Former USSR. Fourth World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies. Social change and social issues in the former USSR. Vol. IX. Harrogate, England, United Kingdom: International Council Soviet and East European Studies. p. 53-79. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-22069-4_3. ISBN978-1-349-22071-7.
^ abDavis, Robert B. (1 February 1994). "Drug and alcohol use in the former Soviet Union: selected factors and future considerations". International Journal of the Addictions. London, England, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 29 (3): 303–323. doi:10.3109/10826089409047383. ISSN 1082-6084. LCCN 2006268261. OCLC 901021821. PMID 8188430.
^Cohen, Peter (25 February 1993). . Vol. 25. Paris, France: Groupe Européenne de Recherche sur les Normativités. European Colloquium on the Crisis of Normative Systems. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022.
^"Criminal Code of the RSFSR (1934), Table of Contents". Cyberussr.com. 1934-10-01. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
^Neuhauser 1990, p. 21-23, The Response of State and Society.
^. Drugtext.org. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
Bibliography
Neuhauser, Kimberly C. (1 January 1990). Grossman, Gregory; Treml, Vladimir G.; Gaddy, Clifford G. (eds.). The market for illegal drugs in the Soviet Union in the late 1980's(PDF). Berkeley-Duke occasional papers on the second economy in the USSR. Washington, D.C., United States: National Council for Eurasian and East European Research/Duke University.
drug, policy, soviet, union, drug, policy, soviet, union, changed, little, throughout, existence, state, other, than, slowly, becoming, more, repressive, although, some, differences, penalties, existed, different, union, republics, however, prevalence, drug, a. The drug policy of the Soviet Union changed little throughout the existence of the state other than slowly becoming more repressive 1 2 3 although some differences in penalties existed in the different Union Republics 4 However the prevalence of drug addiction remained reportedly low as first claimed by Soviet authorities 5 6 which later under Mikhail Gorbachev acknowledged a much larger problem 7 8 at least to drugs other than alcohol or tobacco 4 9 however the rates of addiction increased in post Soviet states 2 9 10 11 12 13 Contents 1 Regulation 2 Treatment 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksRegulation EditLegislation against drugs first appeared in post revolutionary Russia in Article 104 d of the 1922 Penal Code of the RSFSR 14 criminalising drug production trafficking and possession with intent to traffic The 1924 Soviet Constitution expanded this legislation to cover the whole Soviet Union 15 The 1926 Penal Code of the RSFSR suggested imprisonment or corrective labour for between one and three years as punishment for these offences depending on the scale of the offence committed Drug possession without intention to traffic and the personal use of drugs warranted no penalties at this time Drug regulation remained largely untouched in the Soviet Union until 1974 when the Supreme Soviet issued a Decree entitled On Reinforcement of the Fight Against Drug Addiction 16 This Decree was reproduced in Article 224 of the Penal Codes of all the Republics of the USSR and not only increased the penalties for the offences mentioned above to between ten and fifteen years imprisonment but for the first time criminalised possession of drugs without intent to traffic bringing a penalty of up to three years in prison Additional offences of seducing another person to narcotic drugs punishable by up to five years imprisonment and the theft of narcotics punishable by between five and fifteen years imprisonment were also created The term narcotics used here referred to all drugs listed by UN Conventions not just opiates 1 A further decree issued in 1987 made a conviction for the above offences within a year of an earlier conviction for the same violation of the law liable to punishment of up to two years imprisonment or corrective labor Sergei Lebedev the Chairman of the Association of Independent Advocates in Leningrad at the time argued that the steady escalation of criminal penalties for drug use was indicative of the Soviet authorities resignation to their complete inability to solve drug problems in a constructive and humane way 17 Treatment EditTreatment was performed in various different ways depending on the substance the patient was addicted to a physician would usually administer their drug of choice in small doses for maintenance which was done to reduce the intensity of the withdrawal symptoms 1 See also EditArguments for and against drug prohibition Drug liberalisation Drug policy of Portugal Drug policy of the Netherlands Drug policy of the United States Drug rehabilitationReferences Edit a b c Latypov Alisher B 30 December 2011 The Soviet doctor and the treatment of drug addiction A difficult and most ungracious task PDF Harm Reduction Journal London England United Kingdom BioMed Central Ltd 8 1 32 doi 10 1186 1477 7517 8 32 ISSN 1477 7517 LCCN 2004243422 OCLC 818986724 PMC 3275499 PMID 22208726 a b Kauschanski Alexander 11 November 2019 Written at Moscow Russia Limbourg Peter ed Drug addiction in Russia Draconian laws instead of help Deutsche Welle Bonn Germany Archived from the original on 12 May 2021 Retrieved 30 January 2022 Bird Michael 12 November 2013 Shaw Craig ed Smack in the USSR how injecting drugs in the Soviet Union was socializing The Black Sea Bucharest Romania Archived from the original on 13 January 2022 a b Conroy Mary Schaeffer 1 July 1990 Abuse of Drugs other than Alcohol and Tobacco in the Soviet Union Soviet Studies London England United Kingdom Taylor amp Francis 42 3 447 480 doi 10 1080 09668139008411881 ISSN 0966 8136 JSTOR 152045 LCCN 93645761 OCLC 760957849 Kramer John M 1 January 1988 Drug abuse in the Soviet Union Problems of Communism United States Information Agency Routledge 37 1 28 ISSN 1075 8216 LCCN 95659082 OCLC 863051164 Babaian E A 1 January 1971 Drug addiction control in the USSR Bulletin on Narcotics New York City New York United States United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime XXIV 1 1 2 Grogan Louise 1 April 2006 Alcoholism Tobacco and Drug Use in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union Substance Use amp Misuse London England United Kingdom Taylor amp Francis 41 4 564 571 doi 10 1080 10826080500521664 ISSN 1082 6084 LCCN 2006268261 OCLC 901021821 PMID 16522564 S2CID 45417699 Retrieved 30 January 2022 Kramer John M 1992 Drug Abuse in the USSR In Joyce Walter White Stephen eds Social Change and Social Issues in the Former USSR Fourth World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies Social change and social issues in the former USSR Vol IX Harrogate England United Kingdom International Council Soviet and East European Studies p 53 79 doi 10 1007 978 1 349 22069 4 3 ISBN 978 1 349 22071 7 a b Davis Robert B 1 February 1994 Drug and alcohol use in the former Soviet Union selected factors and future considerations International Journal of the Addictions London England United Kingdom Taylor amp Francis 29 3 303 323 doi 10 3109 10826089409047383 ISSN 1082 6084 LCCN 2006268261 OCLC 901021821 PMID 8188430 Neuhauser 1990 p 8 20 Background Kramer John M 21 March 1990 Drug Abuse in Eastern Europe An Emerging Issue of Public Policy Slavic Review Association for Slavic East European and Eurasian Studies Cambridge University Press 49 1 19 31 doi 10 2307 2500413 ISSN 0037 6779 JSTOR 2500413 LCCN 47006565 OCLC 818900629 S2CID 163818908 Powell David 1 July 1972 Drug Abuse in Communist Europe Problems of Communism United States Information Agency Routledge 22 1 31 40 ISSN 1075 8216 LCCN 95659082 OCLC 863051164 Cohen Peter 25 February 1993 Future drug policy in the countries of the former Eastern Bloc The difficult choice to be non Western Vol 25 Paris France Groupe Europeenne de Recherche sur les Normativites European Colloquium on the Crisis of Normative Systems Archived from the original on 20 January 2022 Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1934 Table of Contents Cyberussr com 1934 10 01 Retrieved 2011 04 20 in Russian http constitution garant ru history ussr rsfsr 1924 Neuhauser 1990 p 21 23 The Response of State and Society Drug Policy in the USSR Drugtext org Archived from the original on 2011 06 10 Retrieved 2011 04 20 Bibliography EditNeuhauser Kimberly C 1 January 1990 Grossman Gregory Treml Vladimir G Gaddy Clifford G eds The market for illegal drugs in the Soviet Union in the late 1980 s PDF Berkeley Duke occasional papers on the second economy in the USSR Washington D C United States National Council for Eurasian and East European Research Duke University External links Edithttps web archive org web 20110610131643 http www drugtext org library articles 923108 html http www cedro uva org lib cohen future html http www westonrehab org best christian center dallas tx Archived 2015 02 27 at the Wayback Machine http stopthedrugwar org chronicle old 328 russia shtml https web archive org web 20101017103634 http drugpolicy org global drugpolicyby asia russia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Drug policy of the Soviet Union amp oldid 1158540886, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
