In mamalian physiology, transport of carbon dioxide to the lungs involves a carbonation reaction catalyzed by the enzymecarbonic anhydrase. In the absence of such catalysts, carbon dioxide cannot be expelled sufficient rate to support metabolic needs. The enzyme harbors a zinc aquo complex, which captures carbon dioxide to give a zinc bicarbonate:[2]
[(imidazole)3ZnOH]+ + CO2 ⇌ [(imidazole)3ZnOCO2H]+
Carbonation of ammonia is one step in the industrial production of urea:In 2020, worldwide production capacity was approximately 180 million tonnes.[3] As a fertilizer, it is a source of nitrogen for plants. Urea production plants are almost always located adjacent to the site where the ammonia is manufactured.[4]
2 NH3 + CO2 ⇌ [NH4]+[NH2COO]−
In the subsequent urea conversion: the ammonium carbamate is decomposed into urea, releasing water:
[NH4]+[NH2COO]− ⇌ CO(NH2)2 + H2O
Solubilityedit
Henry's law states that PCO2=KBxCO2 where PCO2 is the partial pressure of CO2 gas above the solution. KB is Henry's law constant. KB increases as temperature increases. xCO2 is the mole fraction of CO2 gas in the solution. According to Henry's law carbonation increases in a solution as temperature decreases.[5]
Since carbonation is the process of giving compounds like carbonic acid (liq) from CO2 (gas) {i.e. making liquid from gasses} thus the partial pressure of CO2 has to decrease or the mole fraction of CO2 in solution has to increase {PCO2/xCO2 = KB} and both these two conditions support increase in carbonation.
Referencesedit
^"Impregnation or treatment with carbon dioxide; conversion into a carbonate."Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2018.
^Sattler, Wesley; Parkin, Gerard (2012). "Structural Characterization of Zinc Bicarbonate Compounds Relevant to the Mechanism of Action of Carbonic Anhydrase". Chemical Science. 3 (6): 2015. doi:10.1039/c2sc20167d.
^"Urea production statistics". www.ifastat.org. International Fertilizer Association. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^. ChemEngineering. Tangient LLC. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
January 09, 2024
carbonation, also, carbonatation, this, article, about, carbonation, reactions, chemistry, carbonated, beverages, carbonated, drink, carbonated, water, chemical, reaction, carbon, dioxide, give, carbonates, bicarbonates, carbonic, acid, chemistry, term, someti. See also Carbonatation This article is about carbonation reactions in chemistry For carbonated beverages see Carbonated drink and Carbonated water Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates bicarbonates and carbonic acid 1 In chemistry the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids In inorganic chemistry and geology carbonation is common Metal hydroxides MOH and metal oxides M O react with CO2 to give bicarbonates and carbonates MOH CO2 M HCO3 M O CO2 M CO3Contents 1 Selected carbonations 1 1 Carbonic anhydrase 1 2 Behavior of concrete 1 3 Urea production 1 4 Solubility 2 ReferencesSelected carbonations editCarbonic anhydrase edit In mamalian physiology transport of carbon dioxide to the lungs involves a carbonation reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase In the absence of such catalysts carbon dioxide cannot be expelled sufficient rate to support metabolic needs The enzyme harbors a zinc aquo complex which captures carbon dioxide to give a zinc bicarbonate 2 imidazole 3ZnOH CO2 imidazole 3ZnOCO2H Behavior of concrete edit In reinforced concrete the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide In the air and calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium silicate in the concrete is known as neutralisation The similar reaction in which calcium hydroxide from cement reacts with carbon dioxide and forms insoluble calcium carbonate is carbonatation Urea production edit Carbonation of ammonia is one step in the industrial production of urea In 2020 worldwide production capacity was approximately 180 million tonnes 3 As a fertilizer it is a source of nitrogen for plants Urea production plants are almost always located adjacent to the site where the ammonia is manufactured 4 2 NH3 CO2 NH4 NH2COO In the subsequent urea conversion the ammonium carbamate is decomposed into urea releasing water NH4 NH2COO CO NH2 2 H2OSolubility edit Henry s law states that PCO2 KBxCO2 where PCO2 is the partial pressure of CO2 gas above the solution KB is Henry s law constant KB increases as temperature increases xCO2 is the mole fraction of CO2 gas in the solution According to Henry s law carbonation increases in a solution as temperature decreases 5 Since carbonation is the process of giving compounds like carbonic acid liq from CO2 gas i e making liquid from gasses thus the partial pressure of CO2 has to decrease or the mole fraction of CO2 in solution has to increase PCO2 xCO2 KB and both these two conditions support increase in carbonation References edit Impregnation or treatment with carbon dioxide conversion into a carbonate Oxford English Dictionary Oxford University Press 2018 Sattler Wesley Parkin Gerard 2012 Structural Characterization of Zinc Bicarbonate Compounds Relevant to the Mechanism of Action of Carbonic Anhydrase Chemical Science 3 6 2015 doi 10 1039 c2sc20167d Urea production statistics www ifastat org International Fertilizer Association Retrieved 19 April 2023 Meessen Jozef H 2012 Urea Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a27 333 pub2 Henry s Law ChemEngineering Tangient LLC Archived from the original on 2 June 2017 Retrieved 7 November 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carbonation amp oldid 1189786952, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
